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Higher Biology > Unit 1 Gene Expression > Flashcards

Unit 1 Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Gene

A

Gene is a DNA sequence that codes for a protein

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2
Q

Define Genotype

A

Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism

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3
Q

Define phenotype

A

Phenotype is the physical appearance of an organism

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4
Q

Name the units that make up an RNA molecule

A

Pentose sugar ( Ribose)
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base

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5
Q

Give 3 key differences between the structure of RNA and DNA

A

Pentose sugar is ribose
Only single stranded
Has uracil base in place of thymine

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6
Q

3 different forms of RNA involved in gene expression

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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7
Q

What is the function of mRNA

A

Carries complementary copy of genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes

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8
Q

What is the function of tRNA

A

Carries amino acids to ribosomes to form polypeptide chains

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9
Q

What is the function of rRNA

A

Combined with proteins to make up ribosomes

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10
Q

What is the purpose of transcription

A

Is the synthesis of a mature mRNA transcript from a section of DNA

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11
Q

What is the purpose of translation

A

Is the synthesis of a protein at a ribosome under the direction of mRNA and with the help of tRNA

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12
Q

List 5 functions of proteins

A 
Antibodies
Hormones
Enzymes
Structural
Receptors
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13
Q

Who two groups make up an amino acid

A

Amine and acid groups

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14
Q

What do we call the bond between amino acids

A

Peptide bonds

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15
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that synthesises mRNA

A

RNA polymerase

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16
Q

Describe the key stages involved in primary mRNA transcription

A
  • RNA polymerase moves from Gene to the promoter
  • unwinds and opens DNA
  • mRNA sequence is complementary to one of the two strands
  • molecule elongates until a terminator sequence is reached
  • resulting in mRNA as the primary transcript
17
Q

Explain the difference between and intron and an exon

A

Intron- non-coding sequence of DNA

Exon- coding sequence of DNA

18
Q

What is removed from the primary transcript during RNA splicing

A

Introns

19
Q

What do we call a triplet of bases on an mRNA molecule

A

Codon

20
Q

Why is alternative splicing important

A

Means that we are able to produce more than one protein per gene

21
Q

Where in the cell does transcription occur

A

Nucleus

22
Q

Wheee does translation occur

A

In the cytoplasm at ribosome

Higher Biology (18 decks)

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