Unit 2 Metabolic Pathways Flashcards
Define metabolism:
Metabolism is the collective term for the many biochemical reactions that occur in a living cell
What is a metabolic pathway?
Metabolic metabolic pathway is series of biochemical enzyme controlled reactions
What are the three features of a metabolic pathway?
Irreversible, reversible, alternative route
Explain why it is useful to be able to bypass steps in a metabolic pathway:
Alternative routes allow for fine control and prevent buildup’s and bottlenecks
State to differences between catabolic an anabolic reactions:
Catabolic reactions breakdown molecules and release energy
anabolic reactions build up molecules and require energy
Give an example of a catabolic reaction in a living thing:
Breakdown of pyruvate
Give an example of an anabolic reaction in a living thing:
Muscle growth
List four types of protein is found in the cell membrane:
Channel proteins
carrier proteins
receptors
enzymes
What is the difference between protein pores and protein pumps?
Protein pores move molecules across the membrane by diffusion whereas pumps use active transport to transport molecules
What is the name for the diagram of cells?
Fluid Mosaic model
Give three reasons why enzymes are described as biological catalysts?
As the speeds up a chemical reaction
remain on changed by the reaction
lower activation energy
How does an induced fit help to lower activation energy?
And induced fit applies pressure to the substrate due to a tight bind this tight bind that weekends chemical bonds
Why do all living things need enzymes?
As to allow our fast reaction to take place it needs to happen at a high temperature cells can’t with stand high temperatures so something else is needed with enzymes reactions can happen at a low temperature therefore not denaturing the cells
What does affinity mean?
Chemical attraction
What is the difference between the affinity of the active site for the substrate and for the product?
Affinity of active site for the substrate is high where as the affinity of the active site for the product is low
List three factors that can affect the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction:
Temperature
PH
substrate concentration
What determines the structure of an Enzymes active site?
Sequence of amino acids
Why can’t the enzymes rate of reaction increases past a certain point even so more substrate is being added?
Enzymes rate of reaction can’t increase as all the active site are being occupied by the substrate
by adding more you are not going to get the enzymes to work faster
How could you increase the reaction past the rate that the enzymes work at?
By adding more enzymes
Explain how metabolic pathways can be controlled by genes?
By switching genes on and off that control enzyme production
Why is it useful to control pathways in this way by Switching enzyme production on an off?
As it allows for enzymes to operate for and backwards and prevents waste
What is an inhibitor:
it reduces the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
What is the end product inhibition and how does it work?
When the pathway of the product reaches a certain concentration this then means that the end product inhibit an earlier enzyme and blocking the pathway
What is the benefit of end product inhibition?
Useful as a prevents Wasteful accumulation or conversion of intermediates