Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Neuropsychology > UNIT 2 PSYC 492 - 2.20.24 Sensory & Motor > Flashcards

UNIT 2 PSYC 492 - 2.20.24 Sensory & Motor Flashcards

1
Q

Somatosensory system

A

Process EXTERNAL simulation of touch and also monitorin gof the INTERNAL sensations (muscle and muscle system)

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanical

A

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nocioreceptors

A

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proprioceptors

A

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Astereognosia

A

cannot recognize things by touch in absence of input from visual system

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stereognosia

(‘stereo’= solid) (‘gnosis’=know)

A

the ability to know (‘gnosis’- knowledge) the three-dimensional form of an object with tactile manipulation. The shape, texture, size, and weight of the object are assessed.

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe this type of asterognosia.

Morphognosia

Primary Recognition Deficit

A

impairment in recognition of physical features of the object

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe this type of asterognosia.

Secondary Recognition Deficit

A

spared primary recognition – can feel object and sense dimensions but cannot make connection with stored information to identify object

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tactile extinction

A

inability to perceive the same type of stimuli simultaneously

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Propioception

A

body’s ability to sense location, movement, and action

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Disorders of proprioception

A

difficulty recognizing relative position of own body in space

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypogeusia

A

Problems with diminished taste

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aguesia

A

Problems of central perception, therefore you are not able to make sense of what you are tasting

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Theory of Localization of Taste (look in book)

A

Individual neurons respond to and signal only one specific taste quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Theory of Multipotentiality of Taste (look in book)

A

neurons contribute to neural representation of more than one taste
(neurons typically respond to more kind of stimulus, so it would make sense for taste receptors to respond to more than one kind of taste; various tastes are represented by neurons generating unique patterns of activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is unique about olfactory neurons?

A

They are the only system in which neurons are directly exposed to stimuli in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pathway for smell?

How smell travels through brain.

A
  1. Olfactory Neurons
  2. Olfactory Bulb
  3. Cranial Nerve
  4. Limbic System (Amygdala & Hippocampal formation)
  5. Thalamus, Frontal Cortex

LOOK IN BOOK FOR MORE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why do we link smells and memories/emotions?

A

Because our olfactory system passes smell sensation through the limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, which are, together, responsible for emotions and memory formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pathway for taste?

A
  1. taste receptors –>
  2. **Cranial Nerves VII, IX, X **(Facial, Glosspharyngeal, Vagal) and facial nerves –>
  3. medulla –>
  4. thalamus –>
  5. primary gustatory cortex (anterior insula and frontal operculum)

The taste pathway also has projections to the amygdala, hypothalamus, and orbitofrontal cortex; this may be why a familiar taste may be linked to some memory or feeling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are three qualities of olfactory neurons?

A
  • they can regenerate
  • they are directly exposed to the environment
  • because they pass through the limbic system (hippocampus & amygdala)before the thalamus, they are often linked to memories or emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is hyposmia?

A

diminished sense of smell (and also a little bit of taste because they have shared nerve pathways)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is anosmia?

A

a complete loss of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where do the primary somatosensory pathways begin and end?

A

The two somatosensory pathways go through the spinal cord and to the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which pathway do pain and temperature run through?

A

Sensations of pain and temperature start in the ascending spinal-thalamic tract (which runs parallel to the spinal cord) to the thalamus.

26
Q

Which pathway do touch and vibration run through?

A

Touch and vibration sensations start in the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway (dorsal aspects of spinal cord) through the medial lemniscus through medulla, pons, and midbrain, and ending in the thalamus.

27
Q

Try to understand somatosensory map / look at book

A
28
Q

Memorize images comparing ascending spinal thalamic tract (pain/temp) to dorsal column/medial lemniscus (touch and vibration) ON PAGE 6 of 2.20.24 lecture

A
29
Q

What are astereognosia’s two types of recognition deficits?

A
  1. Morphognosia (aka the primary recognition deficit) - impairment in recognition of physical features of an object
  2. Secondary Recognition Deficit - primary recognition is spared, meaning the person can still feel the object and sense the dimensions but cannot make connection with stored information to identify object
30
Q

List somatosensory problems of sensing stimuli external to yourself.

A
  • astereognosia (recognition deficit disorders include morphognosia and second recognition deficit)
  • tactile extinction
31
Q

tactile extinction

A

inability to perceive the same type of stimulation simultaneously; suppression of touch sensation on one side when both sides are touched

32
Q

propioception

A

body’s ability to sense location, movement, and action

33
Q

What are disorders of propioception?

A

difficulty recognizing relative position of own body space

34
Q

True or False

There are two different pathways for tactile information to get to the cortex.

A

True

35
Q

Dr. C sees a client in her clinic who says that whenever they go to a movie theater and the lights go out, they can never figure out what snacks their partner hands them over to share. Dr. C’s client most likely has:

  • a disorder of propioception
  • astereognosia
  • tactile extinction
A

Astereognosia

36
Q

True or False:

The neural pathways of taste and smell both involves structures of the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus, etc.)

A

True

37
Q

The motor system is how —— interact/s with the —–.

A

you; world

38
Q

List the structures of the motor system

A
  • Primary Motor Cortex
  • Secondary Motor Cortex: Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)
  • Secondary Motor Cortex: Premotor Motor Area (PMA)
  • Secondary Motor Cortex: Cingulate Motor Cortex
  • Posterior areas of parietal lobe
  • Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are also involved, as they coordinate spatial mapping and executive programming.

39
Q

List the inputs and outputs of the motor structure.

Primay Motor Cortex

A

Inputs:
- secondary motor areas
- somatosensory cortex

Outputs:
- internal capsule
- descending tracts of the spinal cord

40
Q

List the inputs and outputs of the motor structure.

Secondary Motor Cortex: Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)

A

Inputs:
* parietal lobes
* somatosensory strip
* secondary somatosensory areas
* basal ganglia
* cerebellum

Outputs:
- primary motor cortex
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum

41
Q

List the motor system purpose/function(s) of the structure.

Primary Motor Cortex

A

manage details required to perform movement

42
Q

List the motor system purpose/function(s) of the structure.

Secondary Motor Cortex: Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)

A

organizes and sequences timing of movement, internal intention to move (fMRI study)

LEARN MORE ABOUT MRI STUDY

43
Q

List the motor system purpose/function(s) of the structure.

Secondary Motor Cortex: Premotor Area (PMA)

A
  • Motor planning and movement readiness
  • externally cued readiness for action
44
Q

List the motor system purpose/function(s) of the structure.

Secondary Motor Cortex: Cingulate Motor Cortex/Area (CMA)

A

emotional and motivation impetus for movement

45
Q

List the motor system purpose/function(s) of the structure.

posterior areas of Parietal (specifically, Brodmann’s areas 5 and 7)

A

coordinating spatial mapping with motor programming

46
Q

List the motor system purpose/function(s) of the structure.

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

A

executive function
(from book: initiation for motor behavior and executive programming for movement; deploys movement)

47
Q

Aside from the main motor system, where else in the brain has roles related to movement? (Other motor systems)

A
  • Cerebellum: coordination of movement, timing, posture, balance, muscle tone, sequential aspects of motor learning
  • Subcortical Processing (specifically basal ganglia): automatic regulation of movement/initiation, fluidity of overlearned and semi-automatic programs
48
Q

We can separate dysfunction of the motor system into disorders of —— to act and disorders of ——- to act.

A

when; how

disorders of when to act = akinesia; disorders of how to act = apraxia

49
Q

difficulty initiating and maintaining movement, slow to start and perform behaviors

A

Akinesia

50
Q

problems with “stopping,” and continuing the same behavior (despite intending to stop) look at this again

A

Motor Perseveration

51
Q

Akinesia is a disorder of ——- to act

A

when

52
Q

Apraxia is a disorder of ——- to act

A

how

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

53
Q

inability to perfom voluntary movements despite adeuqate degree of motor strength and control

A

Apraxia

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

54
Q

List substypes of apraxia

A
  • buccofacial
  • constructional
  • verbal
  • oculomotor
  • limb kinetic
  • ideomotor
  • conceptual
  • dissociation (ideational)

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

55
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

inability to carry out facial movements on command (licking lips, whistling, coughing)

A

Buccofacial Apraxia

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

56
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

Inability to copy, draw, construct simple figures

A

Constructional Apraxia

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

57
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

Difficulty coordinating mouth and speech movements

A

Verbal Apraxia

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

58
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

Difficulty moving eyes on command

A

Oculomotor Apraxia

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

59
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

Inability to make precise, independent but coordinated finger and hand movements

A

Limb Kinetic Apraxia

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

60
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

Difficulty in executing idea of movement, but the knowledge is preserved

A

Ideomotor Apraxia

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

61
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

Inability to act out the motion due to loss of knowledge

A

Conceptual

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

62
Q

List the subtype of apraxia:

Inability to coordinate activities with multiple, sequential movements (actions are correct but out of sequence)

A

Dissociation (ideational)

2.20.24 Slides - Sensory and Motor Systems

Clinical Neuropsychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions