Reading Questions Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a type of receptor in the somatosensory system?
a. Nocioceptors
b. Chemoreceptors
c. Motoreceptors
d. Thermoreceptors
e. Proprioceptors
Motoreceptors
Despite having the motor functions necessary to tie their shoes, an individual with akinesia might not be able to perform this behavior on command.
False; this describes apraxia
The idea that one taste receptor may be able to process more than one taste sensation is consistent with the —– theory of taste.
multipotentiality or pattern
How is olfactory system different from other sense systems?
The olfactory system is simultaneously the oldest and least understood of the sensory systems. While smell is essential to animals lower on the phylogenic scale, it has historically been viewed as having little adaptive value to humans. As result, despite being the oldest sensory system evolutionarily, the olfactory system is the least understood. As research in this area progresses, scientists have identified some unique features of the olfactory system. For instance, olfactory neurons have regenerative qualities that are not seen in neurons of other sensory systems. Neurons of other sensory systems communicate via synapses with other neurons’ dendrites, whereas olfactory neurons interface directly with the environment. Additionally, unlike other sensory neurons, adult olfactory neurons are replaced every 1-2 months. Also goes through limbic system.
An individual with damage to area V4 of the occipital lobes might:
see everything in black and white
T/F: One feature of Broca’s aphasia is a deficit in the ability to speak with proper grammar and syntax, otherwise known as word salad.
False - this is wernicke’s aphasia
Among the different types of aphasia, —— aphasia causes the most extensive impairments across all aspects of speech functioning.
global
Explain the difference between the ventral processing stream and the dorsal processing stream.
The dorsal processing stream is often thought of as the “where” system of visual processing, responsible for visually localizing objects in space, as well as understanding objects’ locations in relation to one another. It also communicates with the motor system, providing feedback that helps in planning movements. In contrast, the ventral processing system is considered the “what” system and helps to ascribe meaning to the visual perception of an object’s shape and form.
Which emotion is a primary emotion?
a. Frustration
b. Excitement
c. Guilt
d. Fear
Fear - primary emotions appear to be universal across cultures – others are anger, surprise, joy, disgust
T/F: Washing dishes while talking on the phone would be an example of divided attention.
True
The —– theory of emotion views emotion and senses as inseparable and argues that emotion arises in reaction to a physical sensory experience.
James-Lange
Briefly describe Posner’s three major functions of attention and their associated neural networks.
Posner postulated that the major functions of attention are 1) orienting to stimuli, especially locations in visual space; 2) achieving and maintaining vigilance or alertness; and 3) coordinating voluntary actions. These functions are supported, respectively, by the posterior attention system, the vigilance attention system, and the executive attention system. The posterior attention system, or visual orienting system, plays a role in directing our focus to specific stimuli in our visual field. The vigilance attention system activates and maintains alertness to aid in identifying and processing high-priority stimuli; this system helps filter irrelevant or ancillary information to avoid distraction. Lastly, the executive attention system coordinates higher-order functions like inhibitory control, planning, task switching, conflict resolution, processing of novel stimuli, error detection, and attentional resource allocation.
