Unit 2: Nucleic Acid

Question 1

What are the characteristics of Nuceloproteins?

Answer 1

Proteins conjugated with nucleic acids
Principal constituent of the hereditary material in chromosomes
Also found in the cytoplasm
Present in all living cells

Question 2

• Are huge organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus.
• Chain of repeating monomers called nucleotides.

Answer 2

Nucleic Acids

Question 3

What are the two varieties of Nucleic Acids

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 4

Forms the inherited genetic material inside each human cell.

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 5

Relays instruction from the genes to guide each cell’s synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Answer 5

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 6

Each nucleotide of DNA consists these three parts

Answer 6

Nitrogenous Base
Pentose sugar
Phosphate Group

Question 7

DNA contains four of these different bases

Answer 7

Nitrogenous Base

Question 8

What are the four different bases?

Answer 8

Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

Question 9

larger, double ring bases called purines

Answer 9

Adenine and Thymine

Question 10

smaller, single-ring bases called pyrimidines.

Answer 10

Cytosine and Guanine

Question 11

A five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose attaches to each base in DNA

Answer 11

Pentose sugar

Question 12

• Alternate with pentose sugars to form the “backbone: of a DNA strand
• The bases project inward from the backbone chain.

Answer 12

Phosphate groups (Po4^3-)

Question 13

What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA?

Answer 13

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 14

What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA?

Answer 14

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 15

What are the sugar in nucleotides in DNA?

Answer 15

Deoxyribose

Question 16

What are the sugar in nucleotides in RNA?

Answer 16

Ribose

Question 17

Number of strands in DNA and RNA?

Answer 17

Two (double-helix, like a twisted ladder) for DNA

One for RNA

Question 18

How is DNA and RNA duplicated?

Answer 18

DNA is self-replicating

RNA uses DNA as a blueprint

Question 19

Mechanism of copying DNA

Answer 19

Replication

Question 20

What makes up a chromosome?

Answer 20

One complete molecule of DNA carrying a specific set of genetic information and it’s associated proteins

Question 21

What do the 23 pairs of chromosomes form?

Answer 21

Human genome

Question 22

The proteins that are coiled around the chromosomes within the nucleus

Answer 22

Histones

Question 23

process where each strand of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand of DNA.

Answer 23

Semiconservative

Question 24

An enzyme that causes a section of DNA to unwind and separate, forming a replication fork

Answer 24

Helicase

Question 25

Alterations in the DNA

Answer 25

Mutations

Question 26

Mutations of genes that control cell-growth

Answer 26

proto-oncogenes

Question 27

Why are proto-oncogenes dangerous?

Answer 27

Because cell growth is no longer regulated and can cause cancers

Question 28

Enzyme that catalyzed the copying of RNA

Answer 28

RNA polymerase

Question 29

What happens when a sequence of DNA is transcribed to RNA?

Answer 29

Only 1 of the 2 DNA strands is copied into RNA

Question 30

The DNA strand that is copied into RNA

Answer 30

Template strand

Question 31

RNA that is responsible for carrying coded information in the form of codons.

Answer 31

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 32

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes and providing a decoder of the codons called anticodons. Functions are at the opposite ends of this RNA.

Answer 32

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 33

RNA that is a component of the ribosomes that make proteins, provides a scaffolding where ribosomal proteins bind and form the overall structures

Answer 33

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)