Unit 1: Biochemistry

Question 1

The study of the molecular basis of life or understanding life phenomena in chemical terms.

Answer 1

Biochemistry

Question 2

What is the focus and aim of biochemistry?

Answer 2

To understand how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and whole organisms

Question 3

Substances that do not contain carbon

Answer 3

Bioinorganic Substances

Question 4

Substances that contain carbon

Answer 4

Bioorganic Substances

Question 5

What are the four major classes of biomolecules?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid

Question 6

Biomolecule that is mainly used as sources of cellular energy.

Answer 6

Carbohydrates.

Question 7

What are all carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 7

C, H, and O

Question 8

Simplest form of sugar.

Answer 8

Monosaccharide

Question 9

Examples of Monosaccharides

Answer 9

Aldose
Glucose
Fructose

Question 10

A sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage

Answer 10

Disaccharide

Question 11

Examples of Disaccharides

Answer 11

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

Question 12

Three to six units of simple sugars or monosaccharides

Answer 12

Oligosaccharide

Question 13

The most abundant carbohydrate found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units.

Answer 13

Polysaccharides

Question 14

Examples of Polysaccharides

Answer 14

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 15

What are the classifications of disaccharide

Answer 15

Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose)
Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)
Lactose (Galactose + Glucose)

Question 16

Commonly known as fats.
Secondary source of energy.
Provides elasticity to tissues.
Insulator of heat.

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

What are the categories of lipis?

Answer 17

Energy Storage Lipids (triacylglycerol)
Membrane Lipids (Phospholipids, Sphingoglycolipids, and Cholesterol)
Emulsification Lipids (Bile Acids)
Messenger (Steroid hormones and eicosanoids)
Protective-Coating (Biological Waxes)

Question 18

Naturally occurring unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids.

Answer 18

Proteins

Question 19

How many natural amino acids provide materials for building and repair of tissues.

Answer 19

20 natural amino acids.

Question 20

What are the structures of a protein?

Answer 20

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Question 21

Sequence of Amino Acids

Answer 21

Primary

Question 22

Repetitive conformations of the protein backbone.

Answer 22

Secondary

Question 23

Are unbranched polymers

Answer 23

Nucleic Acid

Question 24

A three-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base.

Answer 24

Nucleotide

Question 25

The two types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 25

DNA | RNA

Question 26

Nucleic Acid found within the cell nucleus. | For storage and transfer of genetic information.

Answer 26

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 27

Nucleic Acid that occurs in all parts of the cell. | For the synthesis of proteins.

Answer 27

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

Question 28

What is the importance of Biochemistry?

Answer 28

``` Digestion Circulation Absorption Respiration Reproduction ```

Question 29

Breakdown of large foodstuffs into smaller particles.

Answer 29

Digestion

Question 30

Two types of Digestion

Answer 30

Physical Digestion | Chemical Digestion

Question 31

Type of digestion where there is mechanical conversion of big particles into smaller particles.

Answer 31

Physical Digestion

Question 32

Type of digestion where conversion involves the participation of enzymes, hormones, and digestive juices.

Answer 32

Chemical Digestion

Question 33

Process of diffusion or movement of nutrients and other ingested materials from the S.I to the circulation.

Answer 33

Absorption

Question 34

Process of selective uptake of specific nutrients by an organ in the body.

Answer 34

Assimilation

Question 35

Process wherein the absorbed nutrition are used by the different cells for a specific purpose or function

Answer 35

Utilization

Question 36

Process by which all harmful and potentially toxic materials introduced into the body are inactivated or detoxified by the liver.

Answer 36

Biotransformation and Metabolic Degradation

Question 37

Process by which metabolic wastes are expelled or removed from the body.

Answer 37

Excretion.

Question 38

What are the organs involved in the processes of biochemistry inside the body?

Answer 38

Kidneys (Urine) Lungs (Volatile acids in the form of CO2) Skin (Sweat) GIT (Stool feces)