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Biochemistry for Nursing > Unit 1: Biochemistry > Flashcards

Unit 1: Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of the molecular basis of life or understanding life phenomena in chemical terms.

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

What is the focus and aim of biochemistry?

A

To understand how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and whole organisms

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3
Q

Substances that do not contain carbon

A

Bioinorganic Substances

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4
Q

Substances that contain carbon

A

Bioorganic Substances

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5
Q

What are the four major classes of biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid

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6
Q

Biomolecule that is mainly used as sources of cellular energy.

A

Carbohydrates.

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7
Q

What are all carbohydrates made up of?

A

C, H, and O

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8
Q

Simplest form of sugar.

A

Monosaccharide

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9
Q

Examples of Monosaccharides

A

Aldose
Glucose
Fructose

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10
Q

A sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage

A

Disaccharide

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11
Q

Examples of Disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

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12
Q

Three to six units of simple sugars or monosaccharides

A

Oligosaccharide

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13
Q

The most abundant carbohydrate found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units.

A

Polysaccharides

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14
Q

Examples of Polysaccharides

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

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15
Q

What are the classifications of disaccharide

A

Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose)
Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)
Lactose (Galactose + Glucose)

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16
Q

Commonly known as fats.
Secondary source of energy.
Provides elasticity to tissues.
Insulator of heat.

A

Lipids

17
Q

What are the categories of lipis?

A

Energy Storage Lipids (triacylglycerol)
Membrane Lipids (Phospholipids, Sphingoglycolipids, and Cholesterol)
Emulsification Lipids (Bile Acids)
Messenger (Steroid hormones and eicosanoids)
Protective-Coating (Biological Waxes)

18
Q

Naturally occurring unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids.

A

Proteins

19
Q

How many natural amino acids provide materials for building and repair of tissues.

A

20 natural amino acids.

20
Q

What are the structures of a protein?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

21
Q

Sequence of Amino Acids

A

Primary

22
Q

Repetitive conformations of the protein backbone.

A

Secondary

23
Q

Are unbranched polymers

A

Nucleic Acid

24
Q

A three-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base.

A

Nucleotide

25
Q

The two types of Nucleic Acids

A

DNA

RNA

26
Q

Nucleic Acid found within the cell nucleus.

For storage and transfer of genetic information.

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

27
Q

Nucleic Acid that occurs in all parts of the cell.

For the synthesis of proteins.

A

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

28
Q

What is the importance of Biochemistry?

A 
Digestion
Circulation
Absorption
Respiration
Reproduction
29
Q

Breakdown of large foodstuffs into smaller particles.

A

Digestion

30
Q

Two types of Digestion

A

Physical Digestion

Chemical Digestion

31
Q

Type of digestion where there is mechanical conversion of big particles into smaller particles.

A

Physical Digestion

32
Q

Type of digestion where conversion involves the participation of enzymes, hormones, and digestive juices.

A

Chemical Digestion

33
Q

Process of diffusion or movement of nutrients and other ingested materials from the S.I to the circulation.

A

Absorption

34
Q

Process of selective uptake of specific nutrients by an organ in the body.

A

Assimilation

35
Q

Process wherein the absorbed nutrition are used by the different cells for a specific purpose or function

A

Utilization

36
Q

Process by which all harmful and potentially toxic materials introduced into the body are inactivated or detoxified by the liver.

A

Biotransformation and Metabolic Degradation

37
Q

Process by which metabolic wastes are expelled or removed from the body.

A

Excretion.

38
Q

What are the organs involved in the processes of biochemistry inside the body?

A

Kidneys (Urine)
Lungs (Volatile acids in the form of CO2)
Skin (Sweat)
GIT (Stool feces)

Biochemistry for Nursing (10 decks)

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