Unit 1: Laboratory Flashcards by Ashley Dyriel Buenafe

Why is laboratory safety important?

To prevent adverse health effects from exposure to chemicals
Prevent exposure from organisms, diseases, etc.
Prevent equipment and glassware hazards.

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How microorganisms are transmitted.

Biological Hazards`

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What is required for biological hazards?

Continuous link between an agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means of transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible host

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The location of potentially harmful microorganisms

Reservoir

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What are the means of transmission?

Direct Contact
Airborne
Droplet
Vehicle
Vector

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Who created the Standard Precaution guide?

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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Fire Type Class A

Wood, Paper, Clothing

Extinguisher: Water

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Fire Type Class B

Flammable organic chemicals

Extinguisher: Dry Chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam

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Fire Class Type C

Electric

Extinguisher: Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, or halon

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Fire Type Class D

Combustible Metals

Extinguisher: Sand or dry powder / dry chemicals

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Fire Type Class K

Grease, oil, fats

Extinguisher: Liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire.

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Class E

Bombs

Extinguisher: Detonation

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Who created the Hazardous Material Symbol?

NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)

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Blue square of the HMS

Health Hazard
4 - Deadly
3 - Extreme Danger 
2 - Hazardous
1 - Slightly Hazardous
0 - Normal Material

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Red square of the HMS

Fire Hazard
4 - Below 73 F
3 - Below 100 F
2 - Below 200 F
1 - Above 200 F
0 - Will not burn

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White square of the HMS

Specific Hazard
ACID - Acid
ALK - Alkali
COR - Corrosive
OX - Oxidizer
Radiation Symbol - Radiation HAzard
W - Use no Water

Yellow square of the HMS

Instability Hazard
4 - May Detonate
3 - Shock and Heat
     May Detonate
2 - Violent Chemical Change
1 - Unstable if Heated
0 - Stable

What should you do doing fire?

Rescue
Activate
Contain
Evacuate / Extinguish

How to use a fire extinguisher

Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep

Detailed description of the properties of a chemical substance, the potential health hazards, and the safety precautions that must be taken when handling it.

Material Safety Data Sheet

Primary heat source in the laboratory

- Operates on combustion of methane and oxygen

Bunsen Burner

Who invented the Bunsen Burner?

Robert Bunsen and Peter Desaga

What is the modification of the Bunsen burner?

Tirril Burner

Combustion of methane and oxygen in order to produce heat

Complete Combustion

- Reaction has no sufficient oxygen | - Forms soot and toxic carbon monoxide

Incomplete Combustion

- Bright yellow in color - Produces a lot of light - Produces Soot - Has four zones - Moderately hot

Luminous Flame

- Blue in color - Produces less light - Does not produce soot - Has three zones - Very hot

Non-Luminous Flame

Name Common Lab Operations

Transferring of liquids | Transferring of solids

Name Experimental Procedures

``` Heating in a Test Tube Heating in a Beaker Decantation Precipitation Filtration Evaporation ```

The process of pouring a liquid gently so as not to disturb a solid in the bottom of the container

Decantation

Formation of a separable solid substance from a solution

Precipitation

Pouring a mixture onto a membrane (filter paper) that allows the passage of liquid (filtrate) and results in the collection of the solid.

Filtration

Process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure.

Evaporation