Unit 1: Introduction

Question 1

Any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

A state of matter that is compact and has a definite shape and volume (Ex. Bones and Teeth)

Answer 2

Solid

Question 3

A state of matter that has a definite volume and assume the shape of their container (Ex. Blood Plasma)

Answer 3

Liquids

Question 4

A state of matter that neither has a definite shape nor volume. (Ex. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide)

Answer 4

Gasses

Question 5

Building blocks of all forms of living and non-living matter.

Answer 5

Chemical Elements

Question 6

One or two letters of the element’s name in English, Latin, or another language (Ex. H for Hydrogen)

Answer 6

Chemical Symbol

Question 7

Smallest units of matter that retain the properties and characteristics of the element.

Answer 7

Atoms

Question 8

The basic composition of an atom.

Answer 8

Subatomic Particles

Question 9

The three types of subatomic particles.

Answer 9

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 10

Positively charged subatomic particles

Answer 10

Proton

Question 11

Negatively charged subatomic particles

Answer 11

Electrons

Question 12

An atom that has a positive or negative charge because it has equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Answer 12

Ion

Question 13

The process of giving up or gaining electrons.

Answer 13

Ionization

Question 14

The resulting combination of two or more atoms that share electrons

Answer 14

Molecule

Question 15

It indicates the elements and the number of atoms of each element that make up a molecule

Answer 15

Molecular Formula

Question 16

A substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements (Ex. Water (H2O))

Answer 16

Compound

Question 17

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron on the outermost shell

Answer 17

Free Radical

Question 18

The forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule or a compound

Answer 18

Chemical Bounds

Question 19

The force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges

Answer 19

Ionic Bond

Question 20

Positively charged ion (Ex. Hydrogen ion, Sodium ion, Potassium ion)

Answer 20

Cation

Question 21

Negatively charged ion (Fluoride ion, Chloride ion, Iodide ion)

Answer 21

Anion

Question 22

Ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution.

Answer 22

Electrolytes (Most ions in the body are dissolved in body fluids as electrolytes)

Question 23

Two or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them

Answer 23

Covalent Bond

Question 24

Forms when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of neighboring atoms.

Answer 24

Hydrogen Bond

Question 25

Occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break within atoms

Answer 25

Chemical Reaction

Question 26

Refers to all chemical reactions occurring in the body. Sum of all chemical reactions within a biological system. Related to management of energy supply and generation of molecules for cellular synthesis.

Answer 26

Metabolism

Question 27

The capability to do work.

Answer 27

Energy

Question 28

The two basic types of energy.

Answer 28

Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

Question 29

Energy stored by matter due to its position.

Answer 29

Potential Energy

Question 30

The energy associated with matter in motion.

Answer 30

Kinetic Energy

Question 31

A form of potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compounds and molecules.

Answer 31

Chemical Energy

Question 32

The collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of the reactant molecules so a reaction can start.

Answer 32

Activation Energy

Question 33

Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.

Answer 33

Catalyst

Question 34

The most important catalysts in the body.

Answer 34

Enzymes

Question 35

The process of combination of two or more atoms, ions, or molecules to form a new and larger molecule.

Answer 35

Synthesis Reaction

Question 36

What does the word "synthesis" mean?

Answer 36

To put together

Question 37

Collectively refers to all of the syntheses that occur in the body. Synthesis of molecules using energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 37

Anabolism

Question 38

Splits up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules.

Answer 38

Decomposition Reaction

Question 39

Collectively refers to all the decomposition reactions happening inside your body. Degradative oxidation of biological fuels (largely HC) to produce energy (ATP).

Answer 39

Catabolism

Question 40

"Single replacement" Consists of both synthesis and decomposition reactions. One element is replaced by another in a compound.

Answer 40

Exchange Reaction

Question 41

The products can revert to the original reactants.

Answer 41

Reversible Reaction

Question 42

Refers to the loss of electrons; in the process the oxidized substance releases energy.

Answer 42

Oxidation Reaction

Question 43

Refers to the gain of electrons; in the process, the reduced substance gains energy.

Answer 43

Reduction

Question 44

Is always parallel; when a substance is oxidized, another is reduced at the same time.

Answer 44

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction or Redox

Question 45

The Swedish founder of Biochemistry

Answer 45

Karl Schelle

Question 46

What Karl Schelle studied mid 1700s.

Answer 46

The chemical composition of matter

Question 47

Proposed that the combustion of a candle is similar to the respiration of animals, as both need O2.

Answer 47

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 48

The first time a physiological process was explained with reference to a nonliving mechanism.

Answer 48

1780s by Antoine Lavoisier

Question 49

A common belief until the early 1800's where it was thought that compounds found in living organisms can only be produced in the laboratory

Answer 49

Vitalism

Question 50

What did the vitalists argue that is now an obsolete scientific doctrine?

Answer 50

That it was a presence of a "vital force" (life force or spirit) that distinguished the living organic world from the inanimate inorganic world.

Question 51

Disproved the vitalism belief by synthesizing urea in 1828.

Answer 51

Friedrich Wohler

Question 52

Many science historians consider this as the starting point of Biochemistry.

Answer 52

In vitro synthesis of urea by Friedrich Wohler

Question 53

Many also consider his first demonstration of alcoholic fermentation in 1893 as the starting point for the birth of biochemistry.

Answer 53

Eduard Buchner

Question 54

This experiment showed that a variety of organic molecules, including amino acids, could form in an early, reducing atmosphere. Thus, living things obey the standard laws of physics and chemistry.

Answer 54

Miller-Urey Experiment

Question 55

Study of the chemical reactions that occur at the molecular level of organisms. Study of the chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.

Answer 55

Biochemistry

Question 56

When did a major substance from animals and plants were identified, composed of C, H, O, and N?

Answer 56

1810's - 1830's

Question 57

When was the term protein first used?

Answer 57

1838.

Question 58

When did Schleiden and Swan formulate the Cell theory?

Answer 58

1840

Question 59

Who formulated the Cell theory?

Answer 59

Schleiden and Swan

Question 60

When did Walter Flemming discover chromosomes?

Answer 60

1875

Question 61

Who discovered chromosomes?

Answer 61

Walter Flemming

Question 62

When were carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids first recognized?

Answer 62

1850's - 1890's

Question 63

When was the term Biochemistry coined?

Answer 63

1870s

Question 64

Who coined the term Biochemistry?

Answer 64

Carl Newberg

Question 65

When did Embden and Mayerhoff described the glycolytic pathway

Answer 65

1925

Question 66

Who described the glycolytic pathway?

Answer 66

Embden and Mayerhoff

Question 67

When did Hans Kreb proposed the Kreb Cycle?

Answer 67

1937

Question 68

Who proposed the Kreb Cycle?

Answer 68

Hans Kreb

Question 69

When did James Watson and Francis Crick describe the double helical structure of DNA?

Answer 69

1953

Question 70

Who described the double helical structure of DNA?

Answer 70

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 71

When did Paul Boyer and Jay Walker discovered the Rotary Engine that generated ATP?

Answer 71

1997

Question 72

Who discovered the Rotary Engine?

Answer 72

Paul Boyer and Jay Walker

Question 73

Who studied the pump that drives sodium and potassium across membranes.

Answer 73

Danish J. Skou

Question 74

Who discovered the organism that causes Mad Cow Disease?

Answer 74

Stanley Frusiner

Question 75

Who discovered the electron microscope?

Answer 75

Ruska at. al