Unit 2: Legacies of Historical Globalization Flashcards
What was the earliest appearance of globalization?
Ancient trade routes allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas between Asia and Europe. 300 BCE
What was the second appearance of globalization?
In the late 1400s, the Europeans developed sailing technology that allowed them to travel farther than ever before. This lead to imperialism. The growth of towns also attracted traders, craftspeople, artists, scholars and other independent, skilled individuals who accumulated money.
Define imperialism.
A countries domination of another country’s economic, political and cultural institutions.
How does globalization work today?
After WWII(1945), contemporary globalization saw a rise in world economics and growing interconnectedness in technology and media.
What occurred with the rise of Europe’s middle class(working class)?
As the middle class got bigger, so did the emphasis on trade. Trade with other countries would give the middle class a greater opportunity to sell their goods and make a profit. European monarchs began engaging in imperialism and colonization, motivated by trade. Colonies provided cheap raw materials for making goods, as well as a new market to sell goods of the middle class too.
What technology-aided European imperialism?
Large square sails and lateens-mobile sails could be manipulated against the wind for better ergonomics and greater speed, allowing for ships to move faster and farther. Navigation tools: mariner’s astrolabe, sextant and maps. Gunpowder from China revolutionized warfare and allowed for technology like muskets and cannons to be used onboard ships.
What is mercantilism?
During this period of imperialism, European governments engaged in mercantilism. This was done by ensuring that exports were higher than imports. Due to mercantilism, colonies were viewed as a source of cheap, raw materials. European mercantilism lasted from 1500-1700 before it was replaced by the concept of capitalism.
Define mercantilism.
Mercantilism was a policy of strictly controlled trade to ensure the prosperity of the one in control.
Define capitalism.
Capitalism is an economic system that advocates free trade, competition and choice as a means of achieving prosperity.
Define colonialism.
A policy of establishing control over another country’s or group’s territory, typically through force and with the intention of exploration.
What was European colonialism?
When settlers moved to colonies to help run them, supervise the gathering of resources, protect the home country’s trading interests and reduce the unrest that was starting to brew at home.
What were the consequences of historical globalization?
- Indigenous people were faced with a decision, stay and work under European ways, leave or fight against the European military with their technology and coordination.
- European diseases killed 75-90% of the indigenous population in America.
- Slavery can be traced back to the first civilizations such as in Mesopotamia in 3500 BCE.
- The code of Hammurabi, written by King Hammurabi outlined the laws of societal slavery as an institution.
- Slaves were taken in for different reasons: indentured servitude, captured in war, an alternative to imprisonment and for the actual purpose of working as slaves and servants in the plantations or homes in the European colonies. 2 approaches to slavery became common when demand for labour in colonies increased. -Slavey is based on perceived racial characteristics.
Define chattel slavery.
An enslaved person is someone’s property and this ownership lasts from one generation to the next.
