Legacies of Globalization and Imperialism in Canada Flashcards
What are the forces that drove colonization in Canada?
- Imperialistic ambitions.
- Eurocentric and ethnocentrism.
- Technological development.
- Growing consumer appetite.
- Colonizing for natural resources.
How were the fur trade and the First Nations connected?
The fur trade couldn’t happen without the First Nations because they were the hunters that obtained the furs.
What territorial disputes occurred in Canada?
-There were disputes between oral agreements(Indigenous) and written agreements(Colonizers).
1700s-written treaties begin to be negotiated to avoid conflict between the First Nations and the European settlers.
At the same time, the colonial government made oral promises and negotiations as well.
What was the “7 Year War”?
The British and the French fighting over who would run Canada.
From 1756-1763 New France was ceded to the British. The Royal Proclamation of 1763:land grants to former British soldiers were to move to Quebec as they wanted to limit the only available land to the First Nations to Eastern North America.
What were the legacies of British rule?
After the British took over, 1000s of European immigrants came to Canada. The British were happy because of the Industrial Revolution. 1790-1845: 750,000 immigrants had come to Canada.
How did historical globalization affect the First Nations in Canada?
- The First Nations were pushed into wards.
- They lost their traditions.
- There were conflicts with other communities.
- Depopulation from diseases.
- Conflicts with the European settlers.
How did the government make the First Nations sign treaties?
The depopulation of buffalo and Prarie First Nations forced them into the conditions that made them want the treaties.
How many treaties were signed in 1871-1921?
7 treaties were signed. The First Nations agreed to surrender their territory to live on the land reserves. They were also promised annual payments and benefits like farm animals and supplies. These treaties were negotiated through oral traditions and the government translated them to written documents; often excluding verbal promises.
The Indian Act allowed the government to legally split the First Nations into what categories?
- Indian(First Nations), Innit and Metis.
- Non-status Indians.
What were the conditions of the Indian Act?
- The defining of “Status Indian” and therefore eligible to certain benefits.
- The Banning of traditional practices like the Potlach with the last major one in 1921.
- Enfranchisement.
- The right to vote, the right to university education. This could be enfranchised if you were off the reserve for long enough or gained employment off-reserve.
- A status Indian woman who married a non-Indian man would lose status as an Indian, access to the treaty, health benefits, can no longer live on the reserve and is not entitled to inherit family property or be buried next to the family on reserve land.
- Section 141 outlawed the hiring of lawyers and legal counsel by those with status.
- The Superintendent General of Indian Affairs had extreme control over Indigenous people with status and could decide who gets benefits based on moral character.
What did the Indian act leave up to the federal government?
The Indian act made it the federal government’s responsibility to educate First Nation children with the church’s help.
What was the intention of Residential Schools?
The intention of Residental Schools was to alienate children from their communities and separate them from their traditions until they had assimilated into Canadian culture. The last school closed in 1996.
Define enfranchisement.
The ability to give up Indian Status to become a Canadian citizen.
What is Multiculturalism?
With an increase in immigration, Canada introduced a policy of multiculturalism in 1971: this gave way to the idea of cultural pluralism where assimilation is rejected and people are free to retain their traditions.
