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Neurobiology I > Unit 2- Lecture 2 AP II > Flashcards

Unit 2- Lecture 2 AP II Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following axons can conduct AP the fastest?

A. 4 um, myelinated
B. 4 um, unmyelinated
C. 8 um, myelinated
D. 8 um, unmyelinated

A

C.

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2
Q

Conduction of APs

_________ AP conduction can only be seen experimentally

ability of AP to travel in ______ directions

A

Bidirectional
both

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3
Q

Conduction of APs

___________ conduction of AP is seen physiologically

*known as the standard or normal

A

Unilateral

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4
Q

Conduction of APs

When _________ APs occur along a single axon = signifies a __________ intensity of the signal

A

Multiple
higher

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5
Q

AP Conduction Facilitators:

Myelin Sheath main functions:
Made of _______ and provides ________ of nerve cells

A

Lipids
Insulation

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6
Q

AP Conduction Facilitators:

______ of _______ works together with the myelin sheath in between the ______ to allow flow in and out of the ______ which produces an ________ signal

A

Node, Ranvier
gaps
neuron
electrical

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7
Q

AP Conduction Facilitators:

Node of Ranvier has a __________- gated __________ channel, raises membrane voltage to create an ____

A

Voltage
sodium
AP

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8
Q

AP Conduction Facilitators: Myelin Sheath

___________ _____ in the nodes

____________ conduction: jumping among nodes

A

Regeneration AP

Salitory

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9
Q

AP Conduction Facilitators: Axon Size

Thicker = ________

Squid Giant Axon: ______-______ um diameter

_______-________ folds of 1 myelinated vertebrae axon

A

Faster
200, 800
100, 400

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10
Q

Myelin Sheath in the CNS & Pathology:

______________
________ axons
__________ axons by ___________

A

Oligodendrocytes
Multiple
Nonymyelinated
astrocytes

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11
Q

Myelin Sheath in the CNS & Pathology:

Which neurological condition affects the CNS?

Causes sporadic lesions and has varied S&S

Compromises CN ___ ?

A

Multiple Sclerosis
II

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12
Q

Myelin Sheath in PNS and pathology:

Affects _______ cells
______ axon of the myelin sheath
___________ axons by a single ________ cell

A

Schwann
Single
Nonmyelinated, Schwann

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13
Q

Myelin Sheath in PNS and pathology:

Which condition affects the PNS?

All ___________ axons in the PNS compromised

General _______ _________

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome
Myelinated
functional loss

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14
Q

Communicating Unit: Electric Synapse

___________ of cells

Has ______ junctions

AP __________ conduction

A

Connection
gap
bidirectional

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15
Q

Communicating Unit: Chemical Synapse

_____________ ________ _________: vesicles with neurotransmitters become released

Postsynaptic membrane: __________

Involves the synaptic ______ and _________

A

Presynaptic axon terminal

receptors

cleft

vesicle

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16
Q

___________ potential: stimulants on the receptive area

A

Receptor

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17
Q

___________ potential: induced through synapses

A

Synaptic

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18
Q

Intensity is represented by _________ below _________

A

amplitude
threshold

19
Q

Action potential: above the _________, intensity is represented by _________

A

threshold
frequency

20
Q

Transformation of Electrochemical signals? 1-6 stages

A
  1. Arrival of AP
  2. Open of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel
  3. Docking and fusion of vesicles
  4. Release of neurotransmitters
  5. Diffusion of neurotransmitters
  6. Binding ligand-gated ion channels
21
Q

Electromechanical Transformation

_______ vesicles: diff. neurotransmitters

_________ presynaptic AP

A

small
single

22
Q

Electromechanical Transformation

___________ receptors have what ion channels?

A

Ionotropic
Ligand-gated

23
Q

Electromechanical Transformation

___________ receptors are fast: point-to-point, specific

Either depolarization: ?
or hyperpolarization: ?

A

Ionotropic

EPSP
IPSP

24
Q

Electrochemical Transformation

_____________ receptors: GPCR, 2nd messenger system, slow

Either depolarization: ?
or hyperpolarization: ?

A

Metabotropic

EPSP
IPSP

25
Q

Electrochemical Transformation

__________ presnyaptic AP

Large vesicles: neurotransmitters through _________

Small vesicles: neurotransmitters to _______ _________

A

Multiple
exocytosis
synaptic gap

26
Q

Summation of Synaptic Potenial:

____________ summation: E1, timeframe

___________ summation: E1/E2, locations

A

temporal

spatial

27
Q

Depolarization: between _____ _______ and _________

____________: below the threshold

A

rest potential
threshold
Hyperpolarization

28
Q

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

Presynaptic Membrane: LMN _____ _______

Synaptic _______

_________ shape synapses

Postsynaptic membrane: _________ membrane

A

axon terminal
cleft
button
muscle

29
Q

The conduction speed of APs is dependent on which factors?

A

myelination
axon diameter

30
Q

NMJ involves what neurotransmitter: ?

A

Acetylcholine

31
Q

NMJ

Nicotinic Receptor is a _______-_______ Na+ channel, EPSP

A

ligand
gated

32
Q

NMJ Presynaptic Channelopathies

Blocked _______ channel weakness results in __________

A

Ca 2+
flaccidity

33
Q

NMJ Presynapric Channelopathies

Blocked _____ channel: impaired ___________

Continuosly release acetylcholine: ________

A

K+
repolarization
spasm

34
Q

Lambert-Eaton syndrome is from a blocked ______ channel

A

Ca2+

35
Q

Isaac’s syndrome: blocked ______ channel

A

K+

36
Q

NMJ Postsnypatic Channelopathies:

The most common NMJ pathology ?

A

weakness, eye muscle the worst

37
Q

What is a common condition associated with NMJ postsynaptic channelopathies?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

38
Q

Myasthenia Gravis reults from which blocked neurotransmitter? and compromises what?

A

AChR
AChR localization

39
Q

Fate of Neurotransmitter 4 stages?

A

Reuptake

Degradation

Diffusion Away

Endocytosis

40
Q

Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Transportation:
Peptide Neurotransmitter

Peptide/enzymes from the _________

Transported to the _________

___________ to form _______ neurotransmitter

A

nucleus
terminals
digest, active

41
Q

Neurotransmitter Synthesis and Transportation
Small Molecular Neurotransmitter

Enzymes synthesized in the ________

Transport to the _________

Synthesizing __________ in the terminals

A

soma

terminals

neurotransmitters

42
Q

Pharamaceuticals Targeting Neurotransmitters

_________ activity

increase neurotransmitter release
agonists
disinhibition
prevent reuptake
block degradation

A

Increase

43
Q

Which types of summation are available for a neuron to integrate all the receptor or synaptic potentials?

A

temporal
spatial

44
Q

Pharamaceuticals Targeting Neurotransmitters

____________ activity

decrease neurotransmitter release
antagonist

A

decrease

Neurobiology I (13 decks)

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