Lecture 2- Forebrain Flashcards
Types of Glia in the CNS
___________ have a “star like” appearance and can be seen at CNS synapses
maintain an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal signaling
formation of the blood barrier: prevents circulating immune cells, molecules, or pathogens that could interfere with neural function from entering the brain
secrete substances that influence the construction of new synaptic connections
Astrocytes
Types of Glia in the CNS:
________ secretes the myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes
Types of Glia in the CNS:
________ become resident in the brain during early development and integrate into neural tissue
similar to macrophages
secrete signaling molecules (cytokines) in immune system
modulate local inflammation/influence whether cells live or die
Microglia
Types of Glia in the CNS:
_________ cells produce CSF
Ependymal
Types of neurons and glia in the PNS:
Neurons
1.
2.
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Autonomic Nervous System Ganglion
Types of neurons and glia in the PNS:
Glia
1.
2.
Schwann (S1) cell: multiple roles
Satellite cells (S2)
Which functional neuron is this?
Cortical Pyramidal Cell
Which functional neuron is this?
Retinal Amacrine Cell
Which functional neuron is this?
Retinal Bipolar Cell
Which functional neuron is this?
Neurons in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
Which functional neuron is this?
Retinal ganglion cell
Which functional neuron is this?
Cerebellar Purkinjee Cell
Neurons various shapes:
_____ _____: 1 per neuron, soma
_____: 0-1 per neuron, variable terminals
________: 0- numerous per neuron
cell body
axon
dendrite
Which communicating fibers are in the corpus callosum?
comissural fibers
A-I?
Central Sulcus divides which two lobes?
frontal and parietal
Lateral Sulcus divides which two lobes?
frontal and temporal
M1: is the primary _______ cortex and is in the _______ gyrus
this helps us plan, execute, and control voluntary movements
motor
pre-central
S1: is the primary ________ cortex and is in the _______ gyrus
helps us process sensory information such as pain, temp, touch, etc.
somatosensory
post-central
A1: is the primary ______ cortex which helps us _____
auditory
hear
V1: is the primary _____ cortex which helps us see
visual
The limbic lobe’s functions are
- ________ processing
- _______/_______
- _________
emotional
learning/motivation
memory
The insular lobe functions:
Posterior part: ?
Rostral part: ?
Posterior: associated with visceral and autonomic nervous system
implicit feelings and social cognition
Brain lateralization is _______ body control and is functionally _________ ex. metacognition
Ex. The R side of our brain controls left field vision and motor skills (vice versa)
contralateral
asymmetric
________ refers to the correspondance between a particular area on the body and a specific functional area in the CNS
Somatotopy
Which type of medical image is shown?
Sectional plane?
Transverse
T2 MRI- bc the fluid is white
Sections of the brain
L?
middle?
R?
transverse
coronal
sagittal
_____ Matter: somata and dendrites of neurons, glia
superficial, covering deep structures: _______ cortex
deep: _____ (in all brain structures)
_____ Matter: glia
axon bundles: myelinated and unmyelinated
gray
cerebral
nuclei
white
Cerebral Communicating Fibers
Axonal Bundles
In _____: nerves
In _____: fibers, tracts, fascicles, commissure, lemniscus, etc
PNS
CNS
Cerebral Communicating Fibers
Association Fibers
Axonal bundles in the same ________
_____ ones around neighboring gyri
______ ones crossing multiple lobes w/ specific names
hemisphere
short
long
Cerebral Communicating Fibers: Commisure
mainly connecting homologous areas of the two ______
hemispheres
The posterior commisure helps the 2 ______ lobes connect
occipital
The anterior commisure helps the 2 _______ lobes connect
temporal
With the corpus callosum, it mainly connects the ______ and _________ lobes
frontal
parietal
With Projection Fibers, there are ______ and ________ tracts
These axonal bundles bridge the ______ cortex and ______ CNS structures
ascending
descending
cerebral
subcortical
Projection fibers go through which structure?
basal nuclei
a?
b?
c?
a- caudate
b- putamen
c- globus pallidus
The caudate is located on the ______ wall of the lateral _______ and is ______ to the temporal lobe
lateral
ventricles
ANT
Fill out
What is this structure?
subthalamic nucleus
The thalamus is divided unto three groups ______/______/______ group which is divided by the ________ _________
anterior
medial
lateral
intermedullary lamina
Fill this out
The Hypothalamus is the…
center of the _______
it bridges the ______ and _______ system
defines _____ and ________
it also has multiple _______
ANS
endocrine; nervous
life; death
nuclei
The hypothalmus helps _______ _________
regulate homeostasis
How can the cerebral cortex cross-talk to each other and subcortical CNS structures?
1.
2.
3.
Association Fibers: same hemisphere
Commisural Fibers: bilateral hemispheres
Projection Fibers: cortical and subcortical structures
What’s the sectional plane?
Structures 1-6?
Transverse
1. caudate
2. putamen
3. thalamus
4. corpus callosum
5. insular lobe (lat sulcus)
6. occipital lobe
