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Neurobiology I > Lecture 2- Forebrain > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Forebrain Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Glia in the CNS

___________ have a “star like” appearance and can be seen at CNS synapses

maintain an appropriate chemical environment for neuronal signaling

formation of the blood barrier: prevents circulating immune cells, molecules, or pathogens that could interfere with neural function from entering the brain

secrete substances that influence the construction of new synaptic connections

A

Astrocytes

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2
Q

Types of Glia in the CNS:

________ secretes the myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

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3
Q

Types of Glia in the CNS:

________ become resident in the brain during early development and integrate into neural tissue

similar to macrophages

secrete signaling molecules (cytokines) in immune system

modulate local inflammation/influence whether cells live or die

A

Microglia

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4
Q

Types of Glia in the CNS:

_________ cells produce CSF

A

Ependymal

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5
Q

Types of neurons and glia in the PNS:

Neurons
1.
2.

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion
Autonomic Nervous System Ganglion

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6
Q

Types of neurons and glia in the PNS:

Glia
1.
2.

A

Schwann (S1) cell: multiple roles
Satellite cells (S2)

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7
Q

Which functional neuron is this?

A

Cortical Pyramidal Cell

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8
Q

Which functional neuron is this?

A

Retinal Amacrine Cell

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9
Q

Which functional neuron is this?

A

Retinal Bipolar Cell

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10
Q

Which functional neuron is this?

A

Neurons in mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

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11
Q

Which functional neuron is this?

A

Retinal ganglion cell

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12
Q

Which functional neuron is this?

A

Cerebellar Purkinjee Cell

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13
Q

Neurons various shapes:

_____ _____: 1 per neuron, soma

_____: 0-1 per neuron, variable terminals

________: 0- numerous per neuron

A

cell body

axon

dendrite

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14
Q

Which communicating fibers are in the corpus callosum?

A

comissural fibers

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15
Q

A-I?

A
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16
Q

Central Sulcus divides which two lobes?

A

frontal and parietal

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17
Q

Lateral Sulcus divides which two lobes?

A

frontal and temporal

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18
Q

M1: is the primary _______ cortex and is in the _______ gyrus

this helps us plan, execute, and control voluntary movements

A

motor

pre-central

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19
Q

S1: is the primary ________ cortex and is in the _______ gyrus

helps us process sensory information such as pain, temp, touch, etc.

A

somatosensory

post-central

20
Q

A1: is the primary ______ cortex which helps us _____

A

auditory

hear

21
Q

V1: is the primary _____ cortex which helps us see

A

visual

22
Q

The limbic lobe’s functions are

  1. ________ processing
  2. _______/_______
  3. _________
A

emotional
learning/motivation
memory

23
Q

The insular lobe functions:

Posterior part: ?

Rostral part: ?

A

Posterior: associated with visceral and autonomic nervous system

implicit feelings and social cognition

24
Q

Brain lateralization is _______ body control and is functionally _________ ex. metacognition

Ex. The R side of our brain controls left field vision and motor skills (vice versa)

A

contralateral

asymmetric

25
Q

________ refers to the correspondance between a particular area on the body and a specific functional area in the CNS

A

Somatotopy

26
Q

Which type of medical image is shown?

Sectional plane?

A

Transverse

T2 MRI- bc the fluid is white

27
Q

Sections of the brain
L?
middle?
R?

A

transverse
coronal
sagittal

28
Q

_____ Matter: somata and dendrites of neurons, glia

superficial, covering deep structures: _______ cortex

deep: _____ (in all brain structures)

_____ Matter: glia
axon bundles: myelinated and unmyelinated

A

gray

cerebral

nuclei

white

29
Q

Cerebral Communicating Fibers

Axonal Bundles
In _____: nerves
In _____: fibers, tracts, fascicles, commissure, lemniscus, etc

A

PNS
CNS

30
Q

Cerebral Communicating Fibers

Association Fibers
Axonal bundles in the same ________

_____ ones around neighboring gyri

______ ones crossing multiple lobes w/ specific names

A

hemisphere

short

long

31
Q

Cerebral Communicating Fibers: Commisure

mainly connecting homologous areas of the two ______

A

hemispheres

32
Q

The posterior commisure helps the 2 ______ lobes connect

A

occipital

33
Q

The anterior commisure helps the 2 _______ lobes connect

A

temporal

34
Q

With the corpus callosum, it mainly connects the ______ and _________ lobes

A

frontal
parietal

35
Q

With Projection Fibers, there are ______ and ________ tracts

These axonal bundles bridge the ______ cortex and ______ CNS structures

A

ascending
descending

cerebral
subcortical

36
Q

Projection fibers go through which structure?

A

basal nuclei

37
Q

a?
b?
c?

A

a- caudate
b- putamen
c- globus pallidus

38
Q

The caudate is located on the ______ wall of the lateral _______ and is ______ to the temporal lobe

A

lateral
ventricles
ANT

39
Q

Fill out

A
40
Q

What is this structure?

A

subthalamic nucleus

41
Q

The thalamus is divided unto three groups ______/______/______ group which is divided by the ________ _________

A

anterior
medial
lateral

intermedullary lamina

42
Q

Fill this out

A
43
Q

The Hypothalamus is the…

center of the _______

it bridges the ______ and _______ system

defines _____ and ________

it also has multiple _______

A

ANS

endocrine; nervous

life; death

nuclei

44
Q

The hypothalmus helps _______ _________

A

regulate homeostasis

45
Q

How can the cerebral cortex cross-talk to each other and subcortical CNS structures?

1.
2.
3.

A

Association Fibers: same hemisphere

Commisural Fibers: bilateral hemispheres

Projection Fibers: cortical and subcortical structures

46
Q

What’s the sectional plane?
Structures 1-6?

A

Transverse
1. caudate
2. putamen
3. thalamus
4. corpus callosum
5. insular lobe (lat sulcus)
6. occipital lobe

Neurobiology I (13 decks)

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