Lecture 6: Blood Supply of the Brain Flashcards
Which fissure/sulci do the ACA, MCA, and PCA run through?
ACA: longitudinal fissure
MCA: lateral sulcus
PCA: transverse fissure
____% body weight, ___% blood supply
2
20
There are more blood vessels in the ______ matter than the ______
gray
white
Anterior division: _______ _______ artery
Posterior division: _________ - _________ artery
Internal Carotid (IC)
Vertebral Basilar
The 1st branch from the IC is the _______ artery
ophthalmic
Anterior blood supply:
This branch is associated with the choroid plexus and is a part of the ventricular system to help secrete CSF?
Anterior choroidal artery
The opthalmic artery forms the ______ nerve through the optic canal
optic
Anterior blood supply:
This major branch from the IC helps to form anastamosis with the posterior division?
Posterior communicating artery
What are the 3 major branches from the IC?
1.
2.
3.
Opthalmic artery
Anterior Choroidal artery
Posterior Communicating artery
Label this
Posterior blood supply:
2 major branches from the Vertebral artery (VA)
1.
2.
Anterior Spinal artery
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar artery
Posterior blood supply
The ______ ______ artery branches off of PICA
posterior spinal
Label this
The vertebral artery at C6 courses through the _________ __________
transverse foramina
Posterior blood supply:
The _______ artery is located on the pontomedullary junction
Basilar
Posterior blood supply:
4 branches off of the Basilar artery?
1.
2
3.
4.
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery (AICA)
Pontine arteries
Superior Cerebellar artery (SCA)
Posterior Cerebral artery (PCA)
Posterior blood supply:
The _______ arteries are tiny branches from the AICA
pontine
The PCA is between the ______ and _______
pons
midbrain
An aneurysm involving the SCA and PCA will compress which cranial nerve?
CN III- Oculomotor
Label this
A patient fractured the basal neurocranium around around the jugular foramen. Which nerve coursing through would be compromised?
CN IX, X, XI
Circle of Willis contains 9 arteries, which are…?
ACA x 2
PCA x2
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior communicating artery x2
IC x 2
Which artery in the brain is NOT associated/ a part of the Circle of Willis?
MCA
What’s going on in this angiogram?
R ACA from L IC
What’s going on in this angiogram?
L PCA from L IC
What’s going on in this angiogram?
B PCA from B IC
What’s going on in this angiogram?
R ACA from L IC
R PCA from R IC
Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply: ACA
supplies the _____ part of the brain
located in the ________ fissure
supplies the medial/superior ______ and _______ lobes + the ________ gyrus
medial
longitudinal
frontal, parietal, cingulate
Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply: MCA
Runs in the _______ sulcus
supplies the lateral and inferior _______/________ lobes, and the superior ________ lobe
lateral
frontal, parietal
temporal
Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply: PCA
In the _______ fissure (tentorium ________)
supplies the inferior (mostly medial) _______ lobe and _______ lobe
transverse
cerebelli
temporal
occipital
Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:
ACA branch
1.
2.
nucleus acumbens
caudate
Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:
MCA branch
1.
2.
putamen
caudate
Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:
IC branch
1.
2.
Globus pallidus
internal capsule
Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:
PCA branch
1.
thalamus
Label these
Brainstem Blood Supply
AICA and SCA are part of the __________ division
tegmentum
Brainstem Blood Supply
Midbrain:
1. ?
2. ?
PCA
SCA
Brainstem Blood Supply
Pons
1. ?
2. ?
Pontine arteries
AICA/SCA
Brainstem Blood Supply
Medulla
1. ?
2. ?
Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal artery
Which 3 arteries supply the Cerebellum?
PICA
AICA
SCA
_________ stroke: is when the blood vessels burst from too much pressure within the brain
Hemorrhagic
An ___________ (inside) stroke occurs within the brain tissue itself
Intraparenchymal
A ____________ (outside) stroke causes bleeding into the space between the pia and arachnoid matters
Subarachnoid
How does a subarachnoid hemorrhage occur typically?
trauma to the head or an aneurysm
A hemorrhagic stroke makes up ____% of all strokes
A hemorrhagic stroke makes up ______% of death cases
if < _____ years old: drug abuse screen required
13
40
55
What is happening in this medical image?
What happens during this?
Herniation
It takes up more space and moves brain structures
What is happening in this medical image?
What happens during this?
Spreads to other structures and the outside of the brain is compromised
Which hemorrhage to the brain has a star-like apperance on a CT?
subarachnoid
What is the most common type of stroke?
Ischemic
An ________ stroke is when a blood clot (vessels) blocks blood flow to the brain and does NOT get oxygen
Ischemic
With an ischemic stroke, fat glands in the vessels can be ________
dislodged
True or False?
You can have a intraparencyhmal and subarachnoid ischemic stroke
FALSE
ONLY INTRAPARENCHYMAL!!
An ischemic stroke makes up ____% of all strokes
An ischemic stroke makes up ______% of death cases
_______ damage during an ischemic stroke can occur due to blockage
87
60
Hypoxic
What kind of stroke is happening here?
Ischemic, the brain tissue can die from this
Label this A to E
A. IC
B. MCA
C. ACA
D. Post. communicating A.
E. PCA
What are these two structures?
above: opthalmic artery
below: basilar artery
Which medication treats the reversal of strokes?
TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)
___________ is when a distant part of the brain loses function due to damage nearby
diaschisis
Which is worse, a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke?
Hemorrhagic
Diaschisis is a _______ and ______ injury that causes ______ damage
distant
systemic
localized
The ________ is the area salvageable during a stroke
of damage
penumbra
What is happening on this transverse CT?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebral Cortex Stroke:
Somatotopy/homunculus: lateralization
Sensory: _________/________
Motor: ________/_________
paresthesia/numbness
paresis/paralysis
What stroke occured in this brain?
Lacunar stroke
They call the _______ stroke a “silent stroke”
Lacunar
With a lacunar stroke it involves what structures?
small blood vessels
A lacunar stroke occurs in what part of the brain? and compromises the _______ body _________
diencephalon
contralateral; hemisphere
Basal Nuclei and Diencephalon Stroke:
There are NO _______ and ______ decussations in the ________
sensory; motor
forebrain
Which stroke causes more functional loss, cortical or lacunar stroke?
lacunar
A brainstem stroke causes more functional loss and affects our….
_________, _________, and _______
specifically which area?
alertness
arousal
consciousness
vital centers
This condition can happen from a brainstem stroke and would affect the ipsilateral face/head and contralateral body?
Alternating Hemiplegia
With a brainstem stroke, if this part degenerates too much, you will die?
vital centers
Which arteries supply blood to the forebrain basal nuclei?
ACA branches: nucleus acumbens, caudate, internal capsule, globus pallidus
MCA: caudate, putamen
PCA: thalamus
Suppose an ischemic stroke happens around the left rostral basilar medulla. Which body parts and functions will be compromised?
Paresis/paresthesia of the L face and R hemisphere
