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Neurobiology I > Lecture 6: Blood Supply of the Brain > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Blood Supply of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Which fissure/sulci do the ACA, MCA, and PCA run through?

A

ACA: longitudinal fissure
MCA: lateral sulcus
PCA: transverse fissure

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2
Q

____% body weight, ___% blood supply

A

2
20

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3
Q

There are more blood vessels in the ______ matter than the ______

A

gray
white

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4
Q

Anterior division: _______ _______ artery

Posterior division: _________ - _________ artery

A

Internal Carotid (IC)

Vertebral Basilar

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5
Q

The 1st branch from the IC is the _______ artery

A

ophthalmic

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6
Q

Anterior blood supply:

This branch is associated with the choroid plexus and is a part of the ventricular system to help secrete CSF?

A

Anterior choroidal artery

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7
Q

The opthalmic artery forms the ______ nerve through the optic canal

A

optic

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8
Q

Anterior blood supply:

This major branch from the IC helps to form anastamosis with the posterior division?

A

Posterior communicating artery

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9
Q

What are the 3 major branches from the IC?

1.
2.
3.

A

Opthalmic artery
Anterior Choroidal artery
Posterior Communicating artery

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10
Q

Label this

A
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11
Q

Posterior blood supply:

2 major branches from the Vertebral artery (VA)
1.
2.

A

Anterior Spinal artery

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar artery

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12
Q

Posterior blood supply

The ______ ______ artery branches off of PICA

A

posterior spinal

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13
Q

Label this

A
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14
Q

The vertebral artery at C6 courses through the _________ __________

A

transverse foramina

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15
Q

Posterior blood supply:

The _______ artery is located on the pontomedullary junction

A

Basilar

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16
Q

Posterior blood supply:

4 branches off of the Basilar artery?
1.
2
3.
4.

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery (AICA)
Pontine arteries
Superior Cerebellar artery (SCA)
Posterior Cerebral artery (PCA)

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17
Q

Posterior blood supply:

The _______ arteries are tiny branches from the AICA

A

pontine

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18
Q

The PCA is between the ______ and _______

A

pons
midbrain

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19
Q

An aneurysm involving the SCA and PCA will compress which cranial nerve?

A

CN III- Oculomotor

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20
Q

Label this

A
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21
Q

A patient fractured the basal neurocranium around around the jugular foramen. Which nerve coursing through would be compromised?

A

CN IX, X, XI

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22
Q

Circle of Willis contains 9 arteries, which are…?

A

ACA x 2
PCA x2
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior communicating artery x2
IC x 2

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23
Q

Which artery in the brain is NOT associated/ a part of the Circle of Willis?

A

MCA

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24
Q

What’s going on in this angiogram?

A

R ACA from L IC

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25
Q

What’s going on in this angiogram?

A

L PCA from L IC

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26
Q

What’s going on in this angiogram?

A

B PCA from B IC

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27
Q

What’s going on in this angiogram?

A

R ACA from L IC
R PCA from R IC

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28
Q

Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply: ACA

supplies the _____ part of the brain

located in the ________ fissure

supplies the medial/superior ______ and _______ lobes + the ________ gyrus

A

medial
longitudinal

frontal, parietal, cingulate

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29
Q

Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply: MCA

Runs in the _______ sulcus

supplies the lateral and inferior _______/________ lobes, and the superior ________ lobe

A

lateral
frontal, parietal
temporal

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30
Q

Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply: PCA

In the _______ fissure (tentorium ________)

supplies the inferior (mostly medial) _______ lobe and _______ lobe

A

transverse
cerebelli
temporal
occipital

31
Q

Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:

ACA branch
1.
2.

A

nucleus acumbens
caudate

32
Q

Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:

MCA branch
1.
2.

A

putamen
caudate

33
Q

Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:

IC branch
1.
2.

A

Globus pallidus
internal capsule

34
Q

Basal Nuclei and Thalmic Family Blood Supply:

PCA branch
1.

A

thalamus

35
Q

Label these

A
36
Q

Brainstem Blood Supply

AICA and SCA are part of the __________ division

A

tegmentum

37
Q

Brainstem Blood Supply

Midbrain:
1. ?
2. ?

A

PCA
SCA

38
Q

Brainstem Blood Supply

Pons
1. ?
2. ?

A

Pontine arteries
AICA/SCA

39
Q

Brainstem Blood Supply

Medulla
1. ?
2. ?

A

Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal artery

40
Q

Which 3 arteries supply the Cerebellum?

A

PICA
AICA
SCA

41
Q

_________ stroke: is when the blood vessels burst from too much pressure within the brain

A

Hemorrhagic

42
Q

An ___________ (inside) stroke occurs within the brain tissue itself

A

Intraparenchymal

43
Q

A ____________ (outside) stroke causes bleeding into the space between the pia and arachnoid matters

A

Subarachnoid

44
Q

How does a subarachnoid hemorrhage occur typically?

A

trauma to the head or an aneurysm

45
Q

A hemorrhagic stroke makes up ____% of all strokes

A hemorrhagic stroke makes up ______% of death cases

if < _____ years old: drug abuse screen required

A

13
40
55

46
Q

What is happening in this medical image?

What happens during this?

A

Herniation

It takes up more space and moves brain structures

47
Q

What is happening in this medical image?

What happens during this?

A

Spreads to other structures and the outside of the brain is compromised

48
Q

Which hemorrhage to the brain has a star-like apperance on a CT?

A

subarachnoid

49
Q

What is the most common type of stroke?

A

Ischemic

50
Q

An ________ stroke is when a blood clot (vessels) blocks blood flow to the brain and does NOT get oxygen

A

Ischemic

51
Q

With an ischemic stroke, fat glands in the vessels can be ________

A

dislodged

52
Q

True or False?

You can have a intraparencyhmal and subarachnoid ischemic stroke

A

FALSE

ONLY INTRAPARENCHYMAL!!

53
Q

An ischemic stroke makes up ____% of all strokes

An ischemic stroke makes up ______% of death cases

_______ damage during an ischemic stroke can occur due to blockage

A

87
60
Hypoxic

54
Q

What kind of stroke is happening here?

A

Ischemic, the brain tissue can die from this

55
Q

Label this A to E

A

A. IC
B. MCA
C. ACA
D. Post. communicating A.
E. PCA

56
Q

What are these two structures?

A

above: opthalmic artery
below: basilar artery

57
Q

Which medication treats the reversal of strokes?

A

TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

58
Q

___________ is when a distant part of the brain loses function due to damage nearby

A

diaschisis

59
Q

Which is worse, a hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke?

A

Hemorrhagic

60
Q

Diaschisis is a _______ and ______ injury that causes ______ damage

A

distant
systemic
localized

61
Q

The ________ is the area salvageable during a stroke

A

of damage

penumbra

62
Q

What is happening on this transverse CT?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

63
Q

Cerebral Cortex Stroke:

Somatotopy/homunculus: lateralization
Sensory: _________/________
Motor: ________/_________

A

paresthesia/numbness
paresis/paralysis

64
Q

What stroke occured in this brain?

A

Lacunar stroke

65
Q

They call the _______ stroke a “silent stroke”

A

Lacunar

66
Q

With a lacunar stroke it involves what structures?

A

small blood vessels

67
Q

A lacunar stroke occurs in what part of the brain? and compromises the _______ body _________

A

diencephalon
contralateral; hemisphere

68
Q

Basal Nuclei and Diencephalon Stroke:

There are NO _______ and ______ decussations in the ________

A

sensory; motor
forebrain

69
Q

Which stroke causes more functional loss, cortical or lacunar stroke?

A

lacunar

70
Q

A brainstem stroke causes more functional loss and affects our….
_________, _________, and _______
specifically which area?

A

alertness
arousal
consciousness

vital centers

71
Q

This condition can happen from a brainstem stroke and would affect the ipsilateral face/head and contralateral body?

A

Alternating Hemiplegia

72
Q

With a brainstem stroke, if this part degenerates too much, you will die?

A

vital centers

73
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the forebrain basal nuclei?

A

ACA branches: nucleus acumbens, caudate, internal capsule, globus pallidus

MCA: caudate, putamen

PCA: thalamus

74
Q

Suppose an ischemic stroke happens around the left rostral basilar medulla. Which body parts and functions will be compromised?

A

Paresis/paresthesia of the L face and R hemisphere

Neurobiology I (12 decks)

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