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Neurobiology I > Lecture 9: Eye Movement > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Eye Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the horizontal and vertical gaze centers?

A

Horizontal: PPRF
pontomedullary junction

Vertical: riMLF
between the diencephalon and midbrain

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2
Q

What are the two muscles that help us open our eye?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsal muscle

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3
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Attaches to the __________ _______ ________ and _________ _______ ___________ and is supplied by CN _____

A

Common tendinous ring
Superior tarsal plate
III

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4
Q

Ptsosis if nonfunctional is associated with which muscle?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

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5
Q

Superior Tarsal Muscle
Attcahes to the __________ _________ ________ tendon
and the _________ _________ _______

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Superior Tarsal Plate

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6
Q

The Superior Tarsal muscle is a sympathetic component for the ________ ________ ___________

A

superior cervical ganglion

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7
Q

Partial ptsosis if nonfunctional is associated withw hich muscle?

A

Superior tarsal muscle

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8
Q

What are these two muscles?

A
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9
Q

What are the 6 Extraocular muscles?

A

4 recti
1. Superior Rectus
2. Inferior Rectus
3. Medial Rectus
4. Lateral Rectus

2 Obliques
1. Superior Oblique
2. Inferior Oblique

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10
Q

The inferior oblique is located on the ________ _________ surface of the ________

A

medial superior. maxilla

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11
Q

Extraocular muscles

A
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12
Q

Cojugate Eye Movements
Transverse plane: ?
Sagittal Plane: ?
Coronal Plane:

A

ABD and ADD
ELE and DEP
INT and EXT

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13
Q

With conjugate movements, extrusion goes ____ and intrsusion _______

A

CCW
CW

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14
Q

Muscle attachments define eye movemets

Ex. Lateral Rectus (ABD)

The distal attachment is superior to the axis, which will create ______ and _________

A

ABD; ELE

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15
Q

Muscle attachments define eye movemets

Ex. Lateral Rectus (ABD)

Extra ________ ________ sleeves in the distal attachment will create ABD and ELE

A

connective tissue

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16
Q

CN IV palsy creates _______ _______ functions

A

inferior oblique

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17
Q

What 4 eye muscles are innervated by CN III- oculomotor nerve?

A

Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Medial Rectus
Inferior Oblique

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18
Q

Muscle actions:
Superior Rectus: ?
Medial Rectus: ?
Inferior Rectus: ?
Inferior Oblique?

A

elevation
adduction
depression
elevation

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19
Q

Which eye muscle is innervated by CN IV: trochlear nerve?

A

Superior Oblique

20
Q

Superior oblique muscle action?

A

Depression

21
Q

CN IV nerve innervation has a ________ ________ attachment
and ________ muscle control

A

posterior midbrain
contralateral

22
Q

CN VI abducens nerve innervates which extraocular muscle?

A

Lateral Rectus

23
Q

Lateral rectus muscle action?

A

ABD

24
Q

CN VI: abducens nerve
____ for _____; vertical/horizontal gaze center coordination

A

Relay; MLF

25
Q

___________: eye adjustment for eyes

A

accommodation

26
Q

Accomodation for eyes:

Seeing far away- pupils _____ and ______

A

dilate; ABD

27
Q

Accomodation for eyes:

Seeing close up: pupils _______ and ______

A

constrict; ADD

28
Q

Accomodation for eyes:

From far to close
Pupilary ________
_______ ________ contraction
Bilateral eyes ________

A

constriction
ciliary body
ADD

29
Q

Accomodation for eyes:

From close to far:
Pupilary _______
Ciliary body ________
Bilateral eyes _______

A

dilation
relaxation
ABD

30
Q

Which 3 functional eye movements do we need daily?

A
  1. Saccade
  2. Fixation
  3. Smooth Pursuit
31
Q

Functional Eye Motions

  1. ______; jumps from one spot to another (fast movement of the eye)
  2. ________: eyes stay here for a longer period (focus fovea)
  3. _______ _______: eyeballs follow moving objects; this is involved with ________ fixation
A

Saccade
Fixation
Smooth Pursuit
dynamic

32
Q

Which muscle and nerve is compromised?

A

R CN VI: abducens nerve
lateral rectus

33
Q

With smooth pursuit, you have to match what factor?

A

speed

34
Q

With functional saccade or smooth pursuit, there is still a ______ ms lag for _______ ________

A

200
sensory processing

35
Q

Upper Motor Neurons (UMN)
have no ______ _______ innervation

modulation of ________ ________ ________ functions

Associated with the ______ and ______ ________

A

direct muscle
lower motor neuron
FEF; gaze centers

36
Q

Lower Motor Neurons (LMN)
_______ ________ innervation
Neurons in CN _____, ______, ______ nuclei

A

direct muscle
II, IV, VI

37
Q

UMN functions focus on the ________ ( ____________ ) of the movement

________ and ________ (how much) of the movement

A

intention; direction
speed; extension

38
Q

UMN: Vertical Gaze Center

Houses the riMLF: ________ ____________ ________ of ________ _______ _______

Between the ________ and ____________-

A

rostral interstitial nucleus; medial longitudinal fasciculus

diencephalon; midbrain

39
Q

UMN: Vertical Gaze Center

Ipsilateral CN ____ and _____ for controlateral _______ __________ and _______ _________

Ipsilateral CN III for ________ ________ and _________ _________

A

III, IV
superior rectus, superior olique
III, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

40
Q

UMN: Horizontal Gaze Center

Houses the PPRF; __________ _________ ________ _____________

loacted on the ___________ ___________

A

paramedian pontine reticular formation

pontomedullary junction

41
Q

UMN: Horizontal Gaze Center
Ipsilateral CN _____ for _______ ________
Contralateral CN ______ for ________ ________

A

VI; lateral rectus
III, medial rectus

42
Q

The FEF has ______ _______ UMN and contralateral _______ control

A

higher level
PPRF

43
Q
A
44
Q

Horizontal Gaze Center Pathology: Diplopia

A
45
Q

If the left frontal eye field is compromised due to stroke, which direction of the eye movement will be compromised?

A

To the R because the FEF controls contralateral eye movement

46
Q

Can legally blind patients see and walk? why?

A

Because being legally blind affects the macula mainly, so they still have perepheral view w/o acuity. There is still parallel processing along visual pathways (multiple projections) directly to the brain areas out of V1, and can “sense” objects around

Neurobiology I (13 decks)

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