Lecture 9: Eye Movement Flashcards
Where are the horizontal and vertical gaze centers?
Horizontal: PPRF
pontomedullary junction
Vertical: riMLF
between the diencephalon and midbrain
What are the two muscles that help us open our eye?
Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsal muscle
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Attaches to the __________ _______ ________ and _________ _______ ___________ and is supplied by CN _____
Common tendinous ring
Superior tarsal plate
III
Ptsosis if nonfunctional is associated with which muscle?
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Superior Tarsal Muscle
Attcahes to the __________ _________ ________ tendon
and the _________ _________ _______
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Superior Tarsal Plate
The Superior Tarsal muscle is a sympathetic component for the ________ ________ ___________
superior cervical ganglion
Partial ptsosis if nonfunctional is associated withw hich muscle?
Superior tarsal muscle
What are these two muscles?
What are the 6 Extraocular muscles?
4 recti
1. Superior Rectus
2. Inferior Rectus
3. Medial Rectus
4. Lateral Rectus
2 Obliques
1. Superior Oblique
2. Inferior Oblique
The inferior oblique is located on the ________ _________ surface of the ________
medial superior. maxilla
Extraocular muscles
Cojugate Eye Movements
Transverse plane: ?
Sagittal Plane: ?
Coronal Plane:
ABD and ADD
ELE and DEP
INT and EXT
With conjugate movements, extrusion goes ____ and intrsusion _______
CCW
CW
Muscle attachments define eye movemets
Ex. Lateral Rectus (ABD)
The distal attachment is superior to the axis, which will create ______ and _________
ABD; ELE
Muscle attachments define eye movemets
Ex. Lateral Rectus (ABD)
Extra ________ ________ sleeves in the distal attachment will create ABD and ELE
connective tissue
CN IV palsy creates _______ _______ functions
inferior oblique
What 4 eye muscles are innervated by CN III- oculomotor nerve?
Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Medial Rectus
Inferior Oblique
Muscle actions:
Superior Rectus: ?
Medial Rectus: ?
Inferior Rectus: ?
Inferior Oblique?
elevation
adduction
depression
elevation
Which eye muscle is innervated by CN IV: trochlear nerve?
Superior Oblique
Superior oblique muscle action?
Depression
CN IV nerve innervation has a ________ ________ attachment
and ________ muscle control
posterior midbrain
contralateral
CN VI abducens nerve innervates which extraocular muscle?
Lateral Rectus
Lateral rectus muscle action?
ABD
CN VI: abducens nerve
____ for _____; vertical/horizontal gaze center coordination
Relay; MLF
___________: eye adjustment for eyes
accommodation
Accomodation for eyes:
Seeing far away- pupils _____ and ______
dilate; ABD
Accomodation for eyes:
Seeing close up: pupils _______ and ______
constrict; ADD
Accomodation for eyes:
From far to close
Pupilary ________
_______ ________ contraction
Bilateral eyes ________
constriction
ciliary body
ADD
Accomodation for eyes:
From close to far:
Pupilary _______
Ciliary body ________
Bilateral eyes _______
dilation
relaxation
ABD
Which 3 functional eye movements do we need daily?
- Saccade
- Fixation
- Smooth Pursuit
Functional Eye Motions
- ______; jumps from one spot to another (fast movement of the eye)
- ________: eyes stay here for a longer period (focus fovea)
- _______ _______: eyeballs follow moving objects; this is involved with ________ fixation
Saccade
Fixation
Smooth Pursuit
dynamic
Which muscle and nerve is compromised?
R CN VI: abducens nerve
lateral rectus
With smooth pursuit, you have to match what factor?
speed
With functional saccade or smooth pursuit, there is still a ______ ms lag for _______ ________
200
sensory processing
Upper Motor Neurons (UMN)
have no ______ _______ innervation
modulation of ________ ________ ________ functions
Associated with the ______ and ______ ________
direct muscle
lower motor neuron
FEF; gaze centers
Lower Motor Neurons (LMN)
_______ ________ innervation
Neurons in CN _____, ______, ______ nuclei
direct muscle
II, IV, VI
UMN functions focus on the ________ ( ____________ ) of the movement
________ and ________ (how much) of the movement
intention; direction
speed; extension
UMN: Vertical Gaze Center
Houses the riMLF: ________ ____________ ________ of ________ _______ _______
Between the ________ and ____________-
rostral interstitial nucleus; medial longitudinal fasciculus
diencephalon; midbrain
UMN: Vertical Gaze Center
Ipsilateral CN ____ and _____ for controlateral _______ __________ and _______ _________
Ipsilateral CN III for ________ ________ and _________ _________
III, IV
superior rectus, superior olique
III, inferior rectus, inferior oblique
UMN: Horizontal Gaze Center
Houses the PPRF; __________ _________ ________ _____________
loacted on the ___________ ___________
paramedian pontine reticular formation
pontomedullary junction
UMN: Horizontal Gaze Center
Ipsilateral CN _____ for _______ ________
Contralateral CN ______ for ________ ________
VI; lateral rectus
III, medial rectus
The FEF has ______ _______ UMN and contralateral _______ control
higher level
PPRF
Horizontal Gaze Center Pathology: Diplopia
If the left frontal eye field is compromised due to stroke, which direction of the eye movement will be compromised?
To the R because the FEF controls contralateral eye movement
Can legally blind patients see and walk? why?
Because being legally blind affects the macula mainly, so they still have perepheral view w/o acuity. There is still parallel processing along visual pathways (multiple projections) directly to the brain areas out of V1, and can “sense” objects around
