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Chem > Unit 2 Energy and Gases > Flashcards

Unit 2 Energy and Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability of a physical system to perform work

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2
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed

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3
Q

All types of energy fall under ___

A

kinetic and potential energy

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4
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

the energy of motion

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5
Q

formula for kinetic energy

A

KE= 1/2 mv2

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6
Q

the higher the temperature, the greater __

A

KE

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7
Q

What is heat (q)?

A

the transfer of KE from a substance at a higher temp to a system at a lower temp

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8
Q

What are common forms of energy?

A

mechanical, heat, bond, light, and electrical

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9
Q

What is the Kelvin scale?

A

Developed from William Thomson, a temperature scale that begins at 0 and always is a + number

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10
Q

How do you find K from C if the number is measured past the ones place?

A

C + 273.15

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11
Q

How do you find K from C if the number is whole?

A

c + 273

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12
Q

What does potential energy depend on?

A

attraction and repulsion

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13
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

The potential energy that’s made available during a chemical reaction where bonds are broken and formed

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14
Q

When bonds form, energy is _

A

released. Freed to Form!

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15
Q

When bonds are broken, energy is _

A

required. Takes to Break

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16
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

when heat is absorbed by the process (indicates positive enthalpy). Transferred from surroundings to system

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17
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

When heat is lost, indicating negative enthalpy. Heat transferred from the system into the surroundings

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18
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

the amount of heat energy lost or gained by a system during a process at constant process

19
Q

What happens as a solid is heated?

A

the particles vibrate faster and faster until they have enough energy to break away from their fixed positions

20
Q

What happens as a liquid cools?

A

the particles lose energy and move more and more slowly. When they settle in fixed positions, the liquid has frozen or solidified

21
Q

The volume of liquids and solids are

A

fixed

22
Q

What is the kinetic molecular theory of gases

A

A theory that helps us understand why gases behave the way they do and gives us insight into the behavior of solids and gases.

23
Q

Gases are mostly empty space because

A

they consist of molecules whose separation is much larger than the size of the molecules themselves

24
Q

What path and direction to particles in gases move?

A

Straight and random

25
Q

Describe the collisions of gas particles.

A

Frequently with sides of the container and less frequent with each other. Elastic, meaning no energy is gained or lost, only transferred

26
Q

Do particles of a gas attract or repel each other?

A

No

27
Q

KE is proportional to (x) in a gas

A

temp

28
Q

The kinetic molecular theory of gases applies to

A

ideal gases

29
Q

Be sure to study phase diagrams.

A

Ok

30
Q

What is critical temperature?

A

above this temperature, a gas cannot be liquified

31
Q

What is critical pressure?

A

The pressure at critical temperature

32
Q

What is the triple point?

A

The point at which 3 states exist

33
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

P1V1 = P2V2. When pressure increases, the volume decreases and vice versa. Inverse. Make sure to study the graphs in the notes.

34
Q

Charles’ Law

A

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2. When temp. increases, the volume increases. Direct.

35
Q

The temperature must be in Kelvin whenever you…

A

use the gas laws

36
Q

What is Gay Lussac’s law?

A

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2. When the temperature increases, the pressure increases. Direct.

37
Q

What is Avogadro’s Law?

A

V1 / n1 = V2 / n2. The volume and amount of gas varies directly. Equal volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure contain equal numbers of particles, even if gases are different.

38
Q

What is Dalton’s law of partial pressure?

A

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is simply the sum of the individual pressures of each of the gases (known as partial pressures)

39
Q

When do you use Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure?

A

when you have a mixture of 2 or more gases which do not react chemically

40
Q

When does Dalton’s law hold true?

A

when the pressures you are adding together were all recorded at the same temperature and volume conditions

41
Q

Equation for Dalton’s law

A

Ptotal = Pa + Pb + Pc…etc

42
Q

The pressure of a gas collected over water is a combo of…

A

the pressure of the gas and the pressure of the water vapor

43
Q

If you see the words “over water” in a problem, you must …

A

subtract the water vapor pressure from the total pressure of the gas collected over the water

44
Q

Formula for the Ideal Gas law

A

PV = nRT

Chem (15 decks)

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