Safety/Lab Equipment Flashcards
Beaker (qual or quan?)
Qualitative - Used for mixing, stirring, and heating. Has a spout. Is not precise for measuring. No lid, but a watch glass could be used.
Test Tube Tongs (LOOK UP PICTURE)
Used for grabbing test tubes that shouldn’t be touched. They are small and have a light, solid grip.
Test Tube Clamp
Clamps a test tube or other equipment onto a ring stand. Has insulation on the ring-like portion.
General / Crucible Tongs
Used for grabbing things small things, like crucibles. They are solid, sturdy, and do not have insulation.
Scoopulas
A folded piece of metal for scooping solid chemicals onto a weigh boat.
Bunson Burner
Made of metal, connected to a flammable gas source. Uses methane as a fuel source.
(Double) Buret Clamp
Clamps to a ring stand to hold 1-2 burets.
Crucible
a small cup made of a material that can withstand extreme temps. Used for heating substances and comes with a lid.
Clay Triangle
One with an open center is used to suspend crucibles when using wire mesh on a ring stand to heat things up. Heat resistant and perfect for holding crucibles or funnels.
Funnel
Plastic or glass with a long stem.
Beaker Tongs
Grabbing things not touched by hand. Has insulation and does not close completely.
Hot Hands
Silicon hands allow you to grip hot equipment.
Volumetric Flask (Qual or quan?)
round flask with a long neck and flat bottom. Measures the exact volume of liquid with miniscus.
Evaporating Dish
used for small volumes of solutions to heat the mixture and evaporate the solvent. The small pour spout means it is an evaporating dish, not a crucible.
Spot/Well Plates
A plastic or porcelain plate with wells used to test reactions during micro labs.
Striker
used to light a Bunson Burner. A flint strikes a metal surface and creates a spark. Hand must be pushing flint onto surface while also pushing it across. Has something in the middle, which distinguishes it from a test tube holder.
Pipet Bulb
Used to draw liquid into a pipet. Never draw from a reagent bottle. Has 3 places for operation:
A - aspirate (eliminate air)
S - suck liquid into pipet
E - empty
Wire Mesh / Gauze
Laid across the ring to distribute heat and support the beaker, dish, or crucible
Pipet
Used for measuring exact liquid and transferring it
Ring Clamp
Ring-shaped clamp that attaches to the ring stand to support equipment.
Ring Stand
Long metal pole on a base; along with clamps, it’s used as a support of equipment set-ups.
Test Tube Holder
Spring metal holder used to hold/transfer hot test tubes.
Watch Glass
Concave glass dish used to hold chemicals or as a cover for evaporating dishes and beakers. Always use it as a cover with it curved down inside the beaker.
Balance (qual or quan?)
Quantitative - The only piece of equipment we use to precisely measure the mass of a substance.
Buret (Quan or qual?)
Quantitative - Long tube with stopcock that opens and closes; used to precisely deliver volumes of solutions, especially in acid/base titration. Measurements on the tube count backwards! 0 = full, 30 = empty, etc
Erlenmeyer Flask (quan or qual)
Qualitative - Small glass container used for approximate volumes of liquid. The small mouth (which distinguishes it from a beaker) accommodates a stopper for storage or to prevent spillage while mixing.
Gradulated Cylinder (Qual or quan?)
Quantitative - used to measure and deliver precise volumes of liquids.
Test Tube (Qual or Quan?)
Qualitative - Glass cylinder that contains liquids being tested in an experiment. Lacks any measurement markings.
Volumetric Flask (Qual or quan?)
Quantitative - Used to precisely make a specific volume of an aqueous solution. (aqueous = water + dissolved compound)
Irritant
irritates skin / eyes; can cause a rash
Corrosive
“eat away” ; pits metals and causes burns to skin/eyes
Health Hazards
Can be carcinogenic or radioactive
Toxic
poisonous / toxic, can cause death
Flammable
Easily set on fire; low flash point
Oxidizer
Steals electrons from other substances
Explosive
self-reacts, violent + instantaneous combustion
Pressurized Gas
Compressed gas stored under high pressure. If the top comes off, it will torpedo.
Environmental Issues
Toxic to aquatic life and the environment
What is a core value of Chem?
Safety!
What are 3 things that a safety mindset means?
1) it always comes first
2) accidents can be prevented
3) Experiments must be carefully designed, planned, and carried out to ensure everyone’s safety.
3 things that demonstrate your commitment to safety
1) see something, say something
2) Read procedures before beginning
3) listen to instructions
4) ask questions if you do not understand!
What does being prepared mean?
Understanding the hazards of any chemicals you’re working with
SDS gives info about…
Properties of chemicals, hazards of chemicals, how to protect
There are _ sections in the SDS
16
Which section of the SDS identifies hazards?
2
Which signal word means the chemical is more hazardous, warning or danger?
danger
T or F: first aid measures are included on an SDS
T
T or F: You can find important info about the storage of a chemical on the SDS
T
What is in section 8 of the SDS?
PPE to use
T or F: PPE is your first line of defense.
F
How can you stop your googles from fogging up?
Rub soap solution on the insides
T or F: Eyewash stations are designed to treat both eyes at the same time.
T
What should you do with your hands while at the eyewash station?
Hold open your eyelids.
How long should the eyewash station be used?
15-20 minutes. Take out your contacts after 5 mins.
What safety equipment should be used for a large chemical spill on the body?
Safety showers for 15 minutes
What are the three main components of a fire?
Fuel, oxygen, and heat - make sure they never come together!!!
T or F: Solvents that are not in use should be capped and stored in the fume hood.
F
How should you extinguish a small lab fire?
turn off the heat source and cap with a beaker
How should you put out a Bunsen fire?
Turn off the gas
What type of fire extinguisher is used in labs?
ABC
What is the cardinal rule for responding to emergencies?
Tell the teacher
RAMP stands for…
Recognize hazards
Assess risk
Minimize risk
Prep for emergencies
What is a hazard?
any source of potential injury, damage, or harm
What is Risk
the likelihood you will be harmed by the hazard
What is the protocol for R of Ramp
Recognize hazards: Read the labels on bottles / containers, read the procedure to identify hazards, identify extreme hot and cold temperatures and pressure
What is the procedure for A of RAMP?
Analyze Risk using the 4 quadrant approach.
What is the procedure of M of RAMP?
Mnimize Risk by using less hazardous chemicals or procedures, follow all safety protocol, and wear PPE
What is the protocol for P of RAMP?
Prepare for Emergencies - Know locations of all lab safety equipment, review class procedures for emergencies, report all chem spills, and always report unplanned incidents
What is a law?
A concise, factual statement that states an observation. They have been tested multiple times.
What is a theory?
An explanation of something based on proven hypothesis and multiple scientists. Sometimes theories will INCLUDE laws and may be tweaked.
Why is the Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases an exception to the common definition of a theory?
There is no simple statement or set formula, and it tries to explain a law.
Independent variable
The one the scientist is changing. It is usually the first thing you record in a lab and goes on the x axis.
Dependent Variable
The variable is affected by changes in the independent variable. These are the “results” that you record, typically second in the lab.
What does DRY MIX stand for?
Dependent resulting Y
manipulated independent X
What is a mistake?
A screw-up caused by someone in the lab. The procedure wasn’t followed, calculation errors, etc. These cause you to have to redo the lab.
What is an error?
A limitation of the procedure that causes you to redesign the lab. If the results aren’t changed by improving the source of error, then it’s not a valid source of error. Includes assumptions, contamination, impreciseness, absorption of water, etc.
When should one use the fumehood?
When doing any experiment that may produce a toxic gas.
Never put extra chemicals back into ___
the bottle
How do you smell chemicals?
By wafting them towards your nose with your hand
Always pour ___ into ____ (acid & water)
acid into water
How do you take care of acid spills?
place baking soda on the spill to neutralize the acid before wiping up
How do you take care of base spills?
Place vinegar on the spill to neutralize the base before you attempt to wipe it up.
Never try to neutralize an acid or base on your skin, it might…
create a lot of heat and burn you
How do you cover up a small lab fire?
Cap it with a beaker
What are the PPPS steps to use a fire extinguisher?
P - pull the silver pin to break the seal
P - point the nozzle at the base of the fire
P - push the two handles together
S - sweep the base of the flam
What does the Emergency shut off bullseye button do?
Turn off all electricity to the room, which turns off the gas that feeds fire
What do you do in a fainting situation?
Provide the person with fresh air and have them recline so that their head is lower than the rest of the body
What do you do if someone gets a cut?
Apply pressure to the wound
What does the needle valve do on a bunsen burner?
Adjusts the gas flow, which affects the height of the flame.
What does the barrel on a Bunsen burner do?
Adjusts the heat of the flame by changing the air intake.
Where is the hottest portion of the flame located?
The tip of the inner blue comb.
What type of flame is preferred for laboratory work and why?
A quiet, steady flame with a defined blue inner comb, because it is the hottest and at a manageable height.
A theory never becomes a _
law
What is a variable?
Quantities that might change in an experiment
The variable that is being measured?
dependent
How many independent variables are there in a well-designed experiment?
1
Why should you only change 1 variable?
to isolate what caused the change in measurements
