Unit 1 - Models + Matter Flashcards
A homogeneous mixture is also called a
solution
A mixture that can be identified because it scatters light (Tyndall effect) is a
Colloid mixture
The substance being dissolved in a homogeneous mixture is the
solute
The dissolving medium in a solution is the
solvent
Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other are
immiscible
An _ is a solution whose solute and solvent are both solid metals
alloy
For covalent solutes + solvents, the rule that determines solubility is
like dissolves like
Polar solutes will dissolve in _ solvents
polar
Ionic compounds will only dissolve in _ solvents
polar
Because water will dissolve most solutes, it’s known as
the universal solvent
What is the particulate nature of matter?
the idea that matter is made of small particles called atoms
Element
a substance made of only 1 type of atom
How do atoms behave in solids?
Compact, vibrate in place
Molecule
2 or more atoms chemically joined together
Compound
molecule with 2 different kinds of atoms
How do atoms behave in a liquid?
move close together, randomly, slowly
(l) means…
a substance is a liquid
(s) means that…
a substance is a solid
Mixture
made of different types of atoms/molecules that are physically mixed together but not bonding
(g) means that…
a substance is a gas
Describe what the title on a graph should include
Both the dependent / independent variables, what you’re graphing, what substance, and why
Describe what the Axes on the graph should look like.
The dependent variable goes on the y-axis, and the independent goes on the x. Ask permission before using a break.
Describe what the intervals on the graph should look like.
Each interval needs to be spaced evenly. Data needs to take up most of the graph.
How do you determine how the intervals on a graph
Find the range of the data and divide by the # of tick marks
Describe what the labels on the graph should look like.
The axes should always be labeled with the variable that’s measured and the units of measurement in parenthesis.
Strong Correlation
the closer the data points are to the line of best fit, the stronger the correlation
Line of best fit
goes in the middle of the data with an equal number of data above and below the lines.
Negative correlation
exists if increasing 1 variable causes the other to decrease
Positive correlation
Exists if increasing 1 variable causes the other to increase
Interpolate
Using the line of best fit, estimate where new data would fall inside the current data set
Extrapolate
Use the line of best fit to determine where new data would go outside of the data set
Colloid
Particles not big enough to be filtered, can use Tyndall effect to determine if a colloid
simple suspension
particles will separate upon standing
In SN, the _ must be a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10
coefficient
hi
the powers must be the same. Add / subtract coefficients, keep the exponents
hi
Multiply coefficients and add exponents
hi
hi
SI unit for length
M (meters)
SI unit for mass
kg
SI unit for time
Seconds
SI unit for current
amp
SI unit for temperature
kelvin
SI unit for the amount of a chemical
mole
SI unit for luminous intensity
candela
SI unit for volume
m3 (meters cubed) , which is the same as 1,000 liters
SI unit for pressure
kg / ms2
SI unit for energy
kgm2 / s2 or joules
What is accuracy
the degree of closeness of measurement to the true/accepted value.
Formula for accuracy
A - E /A x 100
What does a positive percent of error mean?
your experimental value is lower than accepted
What does a negative percent of error mean?
Your experimental value was higher than the accepted
Precision / repeatability
the degree to which repeated measurements under changed conditions show the same results. Experiments must be completed at least 3 times.
How does glassware relate to precision?
The tighter the range of marking on a piece of glassware, the more precise it is.
What do leading zeroes indicate?
Magnitude. They are not significant.
Are trailing zeroes significant when a decimal is present?
Yes
Are trailing zeroes significant when a decimal is not present?
No
What values are always significant in SN?
All in front of the “x 10”.
Where do you start counting SFs when a decimal is present?
From the left
How do you count SFs when a decimal isnt present
From the right
hi
hi
How many SFs are in 1.0045?
5
How many SFs are in 4.0 x 10
2
How many SFs are in 23.00
4
How many SFs are in 435600?
4
What SF do you round to when multiplying or dividing?
Whatever factor / divisior / yk has the smallest number of SF
What SF do you round to when adding / subtracting?
the uncertain digit that is furthest to the left
Prefix to base for T
Tera:
1 T = 1 x 10^12
Prefix to base for G
Giga:
1 G = 1 x 10^9
Prefix to base for M
Mega:
1 M = 1 x 10^6
Prefix to base for K
Kilo:
1 K = 1 x 10^3
d
Deci:
1 d: 1 x 10 ^-1
C
Centri:
1 C = 1 x 10^-2
m
Milli:
1 M = 1 x 10 ^-3
Micro (u with very long 1st stem thing)
1 x 10^-6
n
Nano:
1 n = 1 x 10^-9
p
Pico:
1 p = 1 x 10^-12
What does it say about an object’s density if it sinks
Dobj > Dwater
