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Chem > Unit 1 - Models + Matter > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Models + Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

A homogeneous mixture is also called a

A

solution

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2
Q

A mixture that can be identified because it scatters light (Tyndall effect) is a

A

Colloid mixture

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3
Q

The substance being dissolved in a homogeneous mixture is the

A

solute

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4
Q

The dissolving medium in a solution is the

A

solvent

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5
Q

Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other are

A

immiscible

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6
Q

An _ is a solution whose solute and solvent are both solid metals

A

alloy

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7
Q

For covalent solutes + solvents, the rule that determines solubility is

A

like dissolves like

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8
Q

Polar solutes will dissolve in _ solvents

A

polar

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9
Q

Ionic compounds will only dissolve in _ solvents

A

polar

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10
Q

Because water will dissolve most solutes, it’s known as

A

the universal solvent

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11
Q

What is the particulate nature of matter?

A

the idea that matter is made of small particles called atoms

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12
Q

Element

A

a substance made of only 1 type of atom

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13
Q

How do atoms behave in solids?

A

Compact, vibrate in place

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14
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms chemically joined together

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15
Q

Compound

A

molecule with 2 different kinds of atoms

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16
Q

How do atoms behave in a liquid?

A

move close together, randomly, slowly

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17
Q

(l) means…

A

a substance is a liquid

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18
Q

(s) means that…

A

a substance is a solid

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19
Q

Mixture

A

made of different types of atoms/molecules that are physically mixed together but not bonding

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20
Q

(g) means that…

A

a substance is a gas

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21
Q

Describe what the title on a graph should include

A

Both the dependent / independent variables, what you’re graphing, what substance, and why

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22
Q

Describe what the Axes on the graph should look like.

A

The dependent variable goes on the y-axis, and the independent goes on the x. Ask permission before using a break.

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23
Q

Describe what the intervals on the graph should look like.

A

Each interval needs to be spaced evenly. Data needs to take up most of the graph.

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24
Q

How do you determine how the intervals on a graph

A

Find the range of the data and divide by the # of tick marks

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25
Q

Describe what the labels on the graph should look like.

A

The axes should always be labeled with the variable that’s measured and the units of measurement in parenthesis.

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26
Q

Strong Correlation

A

the closer the data points are to the line of best fit, the stronger the correlation

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27
Q

Line of best fit

A

goes in the middle of the data with an equal number of data above and below the lines.

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28
Q

Negative correlation

A

exists if increasing 1 variable causes the other to decrease

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29
Q

Positive correlation

A

Exists if increasing 1 variable causes the other to increase

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30
Q

Interpolate

A

Using the line of best fit, estimate where new data would fall inside the current data set

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31
Q

Extrapolate

A

Use the line of best fit to determine where new data would go outside of the data set

32
Q

Colloid

A

Particles not big enough to be filtered, can use Tyndall effect to determine if a colloid

33
Q

simple suspension

A

particles will separate upon standing

34
Q

In SN, the _ must be a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than 10

A

coefficient

35
Q

hi

A

the powers must be the same. Add / subtract coefficients, keep the exponents

36
Q

hi

A

Multiply coefficients and add exponents

37
Q

hi

A

hi

38
Q

SI unit for length

A

M (meters)

39
Q

SI unit for mass

A

kg

40
Q

SI unit for time

A

Seconds

41
Q

SI unit for current

A

amp

42
Q

SI unit for temperature

A

kelvin

43
Q

SI unit for the amount of a chemical

A

mole

44
Q

SI unit for luminous intensity

A

candela

45
Q

SI unit for volume

A

m3 (meters cubed) , which is the same as 1,000 liters

46
Q

SI unit for pressure

A

kg / ms2

47
Q

SI unit for energy

A

kgm2 / s2 or joules

48
Q

What is accuracy

A

the degree of closeness of measurement to the true/accepted value.

49
Q

Formula for accuracy

A

A - E /A x 100

50
Q

What does a positive percent of error mean?

A

your experimental value is lower than accepted

51
Q

What does a negative percent of error mean?

A

Your experimental value was higher than the accepted

52
Q

Precision / repeatability

A

the degree to which repeated measurements under changed conditions show the same results. Experiments must be completed at least 3 times.

53
Q

How does glassware relate to precision?

A

The tighter the range of marking on a piece of glassware, the more precise it is.

54
Q

What do leading zeroes indicate?

A

Magnitude. They are not significant.

55
Q

Are trailing zeroes significant when a decimal is present?

A

Yes

56
Q

Are trailing zeroes significant when a decimal is not present?

A

No

57
Q

What values are always significant in SN?

A

All in front of the “x 10”.

58
Q

Where do you start counting SFs when a decimal is present?

A

From the left

59
Q

How do you count SFs when a decimal isnt present

A

From the right

60
Q

hi

A

hi

61
Q

How many SFs are in 1.0045?

A

5

62
Q

How many SFs are in 4.0 x 10

A

2

63
Q

How many SFs are in 23.00

A

4

64
Q

How many SFs are in 435600?

A

4

65
Q

What SF do you round to when multiplying or dividing?

A

Whatever factor / divisior / yk has the smallest number of SF

66
Q

What SF do you round to when adding / subtracting?

A

the uncertain digit that is furthest to the left

67
Q

Prefix to base for T

A

Tera:

1 T = 1 x 10^12

68
Q

Prefix to base for G

A

Giga:

1 G = 1 x 10^9

69
Q

Prefix to base for M

A

Mega:

1 M = 1 x 10^6

70
Q

Prefix to base for K

A

Kilo:

1 K = 1 x 10^3

71
Q

d

A

Deci:

1 d: 1 x 10 ^-1

72
Q

C

A

Centri:

1 C = 1 x 10^-2

73
Q

m

A

Milli:

1 M = 1 x 10 ^-3

74
Q

Micro (u with very long 1st stem thing)

A

1 x 10^-6

75
Q

n

A

Nano:

1 n = 1 x 10^-9

76
Q

p

A

Pico:

1 p = 1 x 10^-12

77
Q

What does it say about an object’s density if it sinks

A

Dobj > Dwater

Chem (15 decks)

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