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Chem > Solubility > Flashcards

Solubility Flashcards

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1
Q

Supersaturated

A

When you add more solute, but it causes some previous solute in the solution to precipitate out

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2
Q

Saturated

A

Has undissolved substances at the bottom bc the solution has dissolved all it can

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3
Q

Unsaturated

A

A solution that completely dissolves and leaves no remaining solute at the bottom

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4
Q

Solubility

A

max amount of solute that will dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure

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5
Q

Agitate

A

by stirring and shaking a substance, you will get more collisions between solute and solvent

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6
Q

What factors increase dissolution?

A

Agitate, increase surface area, increase temp - anything that increases the number / rate of collisions

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7
Q

dispersion

A

the electron cloud on non-polar molecules can be temporarily distorted to cause an instantaneous dipole moment

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8
Q

dipole

A

partial positive and partial negative regions that form on polar molecules

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9
Q

hydrogen bonding

A

H and NFO

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10
Q

homogeneous

A

a solution that has uniform properties throughout the mixture

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11
Q

colloid

A

a heterogeneous mixture formed when very small particles remain suspended in a mixture

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12
Q

alloy

A

a mixture of metals

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13
Q

molarity

A

moles of solute per liter of solution

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14
Q

molality

A

moles of solute per kg of solute

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15
Q

miscible

A

2 liquids that uniformally mix together

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16
Q

dissociation

A

when ionic compounds dissolve in water and separate into cations and anions - ONLY DISSOCIATE IONIC!

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17
Q

immiscible

A

2 liquids that will separate after being mixed

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18
Q

ppm

A

describes a mixture by taking the ratio of solvent to solution and multiplying by a million

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19
Q

ppb

A

describes a mixture by taking the ratio of solvent to solution and multiplying by a billion

20
Q

electrolyte

A

a solution with dissolved ions that can conduct electricity - has to be soluble, ionic, acid or base

21
Q

colligative

A

a physical property that depends only on the identity of a solute, not the amount

22
Q

malleable

A

a property of metals that allows them to be pounded into shapes

23
Q

ductile

A

a property of metals that allows them to be stretched into wire

24
Q

As IMFs increase, vapor pressure

A

decreases

25
Q

Volatile

A

a liquid with weak imfs that goes to the gas phase (evaporates)readily

26
Q

When IMFs increase, the melting point

A

increases

27
Q

dilute

A

has a relatively small amount of solute present in a solution

28
Q

concentrated

A

has a relatively large amount of solute present in a solution

29
Q

dilution

A

add solvent to a solution to decrease the molarity

30
Q

cohesion

A

forces of attraction that hold neighboring molecules together

31
Q

adhesion

A

forces of attraction that hold molecules onto a surface such as glass

32
Q

intramolecular

A

ionic and covalent bonds

33
Q

intermolecular

A

attraction between neighboring molecules

34
Q

distillation

A

separates mixtures based on differing boiling points

35
Q

Nonpolar

A

classification for hydrocarbons (substances made of only H & C)

36
Q

Mobile

A

when ions are this, they allow electrons to move and thus conduct electricity

37
Q

Overall rule for solubility

A

like dissolves like - oil = nonpolar, H2O = polar

38
Q

Strong Acids

A

HI, HBr, HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4

39
Q

Strong bases

A

OH- with a metal from Gr 1 or 2, except Be and Mg

40
Q

Are ionics strong electrolytes?

A

yes

41
Q

Psolution =

A

Xsolvent Psolvent

42
Q

Xsolvent =

A

Nsolvent / Nsolvent + Nsolute

43
Q

As IMFs increase, freezing point

A

decreases

44
Q

molality equation

A

moles solute / kg solvent

or
mass / molar mass
—————————
Kg of solvent

45
Q

% mass =

A

mass solute
—————— x 100
mass solution

46
Q

% volume =

A

volume solute
——————— x 100
volume solution

47
Q

Voom-Voom

A

V1M1 = V2M2

Chem (15 decks)

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