Unit 2: Endomembranes

Question 1

Which organelle often occupy the majority of the volume of a plant cell?

Answer 1

central vacuole

Question 2

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which structure is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?

Answer 2

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production and modification of polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Answer 3

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ________ bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

Answer 4

ribosomes

Question 5

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely involved in _________

Answer 5

producing large quantities of proteins for secretion

Question 6

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is most likely specialized to carry out ____

Answer 6

synthesis of large quantities of lipids

Question 7

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic disorder that results in cellular accumulation of very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which organelle is most likely defective in Tay-Sachs disease?

Answer 7

the lysosome

Question 8

A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will generally follow this pathway

Answer 8

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 9

Asbestos is a material that was extensively used in construction for decades. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers.

Cells will take up asbestos by phagocytosis, but are not able to degrade it. Toxicity most likely results from accumulation of asbestos in this part of the cell

Answer 9

lysosomes

Question 10

Gaucher disease is the most common genetic disorder affecting lipid storage in humans. The disease is caused by deficiency of an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of lipids, which leads to the accumulation of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow.

the most plausible explanation for how organelles are impacted by Gaucher disease is ______

Answer 10

The lysosomes most likely lack sufficient amounts of the enzymes necessary for lipid breakdown