ap bio unit 3 pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

A

establishment of a proton gradient

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2
Q

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

A

2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced.

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3
Q

In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?

A

energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase

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4
Q

Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?

A

The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water.

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5
Q

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

A

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.

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6
Q

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

A

FADH2

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7
Q

Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the concentration of ATP in a cell?

A

an increase in a cell’s catabolic activity

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8
Q

What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

A

420 mm

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9
Q

Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for
photosynthesis. Why are they different?

A

Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.

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10
Q

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

A

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

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11
Q

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

A

thylakoid membrane & plasma membrane

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12
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

stroma of the chloroplast

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13
Q

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of

A

3-phosphoglycerate molecules

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14
Q

Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

A

glycolysis

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15
Q

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

A

They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2 .

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16
Q

What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

A

ATP and NADPH

17
Q

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

A

substrate-level phosphorylation.

18
Q

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction

A

loses electrons and loses energy.

19
Q

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?

A

a food molecule made up of energy-rich macromolecules

20
Q

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion) the molecule becomes

A

reduced

21
Q

What is proton-motive force?

A

the transmembrane proton concentration gradient

22
Q

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they

A

fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.

23
Q

A molecule that is phosphorylated

A

has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work

24
Q

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?

A

glycolysis

25
Q

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of

A

ATP, CO2 , and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).

26
Q

The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

27
Q

As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1
hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. Where did
the extra ATP molecules come from?

A

cyclic electron flow

28
Q

Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?

A

thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

29
Q

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

A

both photosynthesis and respiration.

30
Q

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
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30 / 63

A

H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle

31
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and
respiration?

A

Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration
releases it.

32
Q

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of
pyruvate?

A

2

33
Q

Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

A

both photosynthesis and respiration.

34
Q

Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

A

citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

35
Q
A