Unit 2 - DNA Flashcards
What does a chromosome do?
It contains the genetic information, each human has 23 pairs of these
What does DNA contain?
It contains coded information
What does a gene do?
It carries the code to make one protein,
What is DNA known as?
The double stranded helix
What joins the Double Stranded Helix together?
Bases
What are the four bases DNA are made up of?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What bases pair together in DNA?
C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine)
A (adenine) pairs with T (thymine)
What are base pairings said to be?
They are said to be complimentary since only certain bases can pair
What are Proteins?
They are complex molecules made of a chain of amino acids
What are the steps to synthesising a protein?
Instructions in the nucleus,
RNA takes a copy of our gene,
Messenger RNA (mRNA),
Assembly of amino acids into proteins and ribosomes
What are base pairs?
Bonding of complementary bases in DNA and RNA molecules
What is genetic code?
Sequences of bases in a DNA molecule that determines the amino acid sequence of a protein
What are amino acids?
The sub-units of a protein that are arranged in sequence to form a protein molecule
What is protein synthesis?
The production of protein molecules from amino acid molecules
What does a ribosome do (in DNA)?
They bind mRNA and synthesises proteins using the genetic code of the mRNA
