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NAT5 Biology > Unit 1 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a cell wall do?

A

Provides support to the cells and is made up of cellulose

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2
Q

What does a mitochondria do?

A

It gives all cells energy, from aerobic respiration.

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3
Q

What do Chloroplasts do?

A

They contain chlorophyll which traps light energy from the sun, and they are the main site of photosynthesis

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4
Q

What does cell membrane do?

A

It controls what substances exit and enter the cell

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5
Q

What is a cytoplasms function?

A

It is where all chemical reactions occur

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6
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

It is a fluid filled sac which contains water, sugar, and salts

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7
Q

What does a nucleus do?

A

It controls cell activities and contains genetic information

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8
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

It is the site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A small circular DNA

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10
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A structural carbohydrate present in the cell wall

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11
Q

What organelles are in a plant cell?

A

Vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplast

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12
Q

What organelles are in an animal cell?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

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13
Q

What organelles are in a fungal (yeast cell)?

A

Cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm

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14
Q

What organelles are in a Bacteria cell?

A

Cytoplasm, plasmids, cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA,

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15
Q

What are chromosomes and plasmids made up of?

A

DNA

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16
Q

What is yeast?

A

It is a single cell fungus. It does not contain chlorophyll and cannot make its own food by photosynthesis

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17
Q

What are plant cell walls made of?

A

Cellulose

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18
Q

Do fungi cells have cellulose?

A

No!

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19
Q

How does yeast grow?

A

Yeast multiplies by budding through asexual reproduction.

20
Q

What are 5 structures found in both animal and plant cells?

A

Mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus

21
Q

Name 2 organelles found in plant cells and not in animal cells?

A

Cell wall, chloroplast

22
Q

Name one structure found ONLY in green plant cells:

A

Chloroplast!

23
Q

Which organelle is responsible for providing most of a cells energy requirements?

A

Mitochondria

24
Q

What is a common solution used as a stain while viewing cells?

A

Iodine

25
Q

How is total magnification calculated?

A

Eyepiece lens * objective lens

26
Q

What are cells measured in?

A

Micrometers (um)

27
Q

How do you calculate the size of the cell?

A

The length of the microscope / the amount of cells going across (don’t forget to convert to micrometers)
1mm = 1000micrometers

28
Q

What is a bacteria cell?

A

Single cell organisms which do not have a nucleus

29
Q

What is a fungal cell?

A

A single cell organism containing nucleus, cell wall, and vacuole

30
Q

What is a circular chromosome?

A

Genetic material found within cytoplasm of bacterial cells

31
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of?

A

Proteins and phospholipids

32
Q

What is the cell membrane described as?

A

Selectively permeable

33
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of the molecules of a substance down a concentration gradient, from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal

34
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

35
Q

What happens when water moves into a plant cell?

A

The cell becomes trugid

36
Q

What happens when water moves out of a plant cell?

A

The cell becomes plasmolysed

37
Q

What happens when water moves into an animal cell?

A

The cell bursts because it has no cell wall

38
Q

What happens when water moves out of an animal cell?

A

The cell shrinks

39
Q

How does the water move in and out of the cells?

A

Through Osmosis

40
Q

What is active transport?

A

when a substance moves across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient from a lower to higher concentration. The process requires energy. Substances cross the membrane through a protein molecule

41
Q

What is “turgid”?

A

The cell contents appear swollen and pushed against the cell wall

42
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

The difference in the concentration of a dissolved substance between two areas

43
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

Molecules which form bilayers in the cell membrane

44
Q

What is passive transport?

A

The movement of any substance from a region of higher to lower concentration until an equal concentration is reached. This does not require any energy.

45
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

It is the property of a cell membrane which allows small soluble molecules to pass through but prevents large insoluble molecules from passing through

46
Q

What is “plasmolysed”?

A

the vacuole and cytoplasm will appear shrunken and the cell membrane will have pulled away from the cell wall

NAT5 Biology (11 decks)

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