Unit 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
What does a cell wall do?
Provides support to the cells and is made up of cellulose
What does a mitochondria do?
It gives all cells energy, from aerobic respiration.
What do Chloroplasts do?
They contain chlorophyll which traps light energy from the sun, and they are the main site of photosynthesis
What does cell membrane do?
It controls what substances exit and enter the cell
What is a cytoplasms function?
It is where all chemical reactions occur
What is a vacuole?
It is a fluid filled sac which contains water, sugar, and salts
What does a nucleus do?
It controls cell activities and contains genetic information
What is a ribosome?
It is the site of protein synthesis
What is a plasmid?
A small circular DNA
What is cellulose?
A structural carbohydrate present in the cell wall
What organelles are in a plant cell?
Vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplast
What organelles are in an animal cell?
Nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes
What organelles are in a fungal (yeast cell)?
Cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm
What organelles are in a Bacteria cell?
Cytoplasm, plasmids, cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA,
What are chromosomes and plasmids made up of?
DNA
What is yeast?
It is a single cell fungus. It does not contain chlorophyll and cannot make its own food by photosynthesis
What are plant cell walls made of?
Cellulose
Do fungi cells have cellulose?
No!
How does yeast grow?
Yeast multiplies by budding through asexual reproduction.
What are 5 structures found in both animal and plant cells?
Mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus
Name 2 organelles found in plant cells and not in animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplast
Name one structure found ONLY in green plant cells:
Chloroplast!
Which organelle is responsible for providing most of a cells energy requirements?
Mitochondria
What is a common solution used as a stain while viewing cells?
Iodine
How is total magnification calculated?
Eyepiece lens * objective lens
What are cells measured in?
Micrometers (um)
How do you calculate the size of the cell?
The length of the microscope / the amount of cells going across (don’t forget to convert to micrometers)
1mm = 1000micrometers
What is a bacteria cell?
Single cell organisms which do not have a nucleus
What is a fungal cell?
A single cell organism containing nucleus, cell wall, and vacuole
What is a circular chromosome?
Genetic material found within cytoplasm of bacterial cells
What is the cell membrane composed of?
Proteins and phospholipids
What is the cell membrane described as?
Selectively permeable
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of the molecules of a substance down a concentration gradient, from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
What happens when water moves into a plant cell?
The cell becomes trugid
What happens when water moves out of a plant cell?
The cell becomes plasmolysed
What happens when water moves into an animal cell?
The cell bursts because it has no cell wall
What happens when water moves out of an animal cell?
The cell shrinks
How does the water move in and out of the cells?
Through Osmosis
What is active transport?
when a substance moves across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient from a lower to higher concentration. The process requires energy. Substances cross the membrane through a protein molecule
What is “turgid”?
The cell contents appear swollen and pushed against the cell wall
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in the concentration of a dissolved substance between two areas
What are phospholipids?
Molecules which form bilayers in the cell membrane
What is passive transport?
The movement of any substance from a region of higher to lower concentration until an equal concentration is reached. This does not require any energy.
What does selectively permeable mean?
It is the property of a cell membrane which allows small soluble molecules to pass through but prevents large insoluble molecules from passing through
What is “plasmolysed”?
the vacuole and cytoplasm will appear shrunken and the cell membrane will have pulled away from the cell wall
