multicellular organisms-animal transport

Question 1

what is plasma and what is its function?

Answer 1

plasma is the liquid part of the blood, it’s job is to carry glucose, nutrients, and hormones around the body

Question 2

what does blood do?

Answer 2

transports nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Question 3

what does blood contain?

Answer 3

-red blood cells
-white blood cells
-plasma

Question 4

what is red blood cells main function?

Answer 4

to transport, and carry oxygen

Question 5

how are red blood cells specialised to their function?

Answer 5

they have:
-biconcave shape to maximise surface area
-no nucleus allow more space for oxygen
-contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen in the form of oxy-haemoglobin

Question 6

what is a pathogen?

Answer 6

a disease-causing organism e.g. bacteria, viruses, or fungi

Question 7

what are white blood cells?

Answer 7

part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens

Question 8

what are the 2 main types of white blood cell?

Answer 8

phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 9

how do phagocytes destroy pathogens?

Answer 9

they identify the pathogen as foreign, then they engulf the pathogen, and then they digest the pathogen / break it down with enzymes

Question 10

how do lymphocytes destroy pathogens?

Answer 10

they produce antibodies to destroy pathogens, each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen

Question 11

what is the pathway of blood through the circulatory system?

Answer 11

body -> vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta (then back to the body where the cycle begins again)

Question 12

what do valves do?

Answer 12

prevent the backflow of bood

Question 13

where are the valves in the heart?

Answer 13

between the atria and ventricles, and between the ventricles and vessels

Question 14

how does the heart muscle receive its own blood supply?

Answer 14

via the coronary artery

Question 15

what are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 15

-capillaries
-veins
-arteries

Question 16

describe arteries:

Answer 16

they have thick, muscular walls, a narrow central channel, and carry blood at high pressures away from the heart

Question 17

describe veins:

Answer 17

veins have thinner walls than arteries, a wide central channels, and carry blood under low pressure towards the heart, they also contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Question 18

describe capillaries:

Answer 18

capillaries are thin walled and have a large surface area, forming networks at tissues and organs to allow efficient exchange of materials

Question 19

where do we get oxygen and nutrients from?

Answer 19

from food

Question 20

why must oxygen and nutrients be absorbed into the bloodstream?

Answer 20

so that they can be delivered to cells for respiration

Question 21

what must be removed from cells into the bloodstream?

Answer 21

waste materials such as carbon dioxide

Question 22

what do tissues contain and why?

Answer 22

they contain capillary networks to allow the exchange of materials at cellular level

Question 23

what surfaces are involved in the absorption of materials?

Answer 23

-alveoli in the lungs
-villi in the small intestines

Question 24

what features do surfaces involved in absorption of materials have in common?

Answer 24

-large surface area
-thin walls
-extensive blood supply

Question 25

what are lungs?

Answer 25

gas exchange organs

Question 26

what do lungs consist of and why?

Answer 26

a large number of alveoli in order to have increased surface area for oxygen to be absorbed to the many blood capillaries and carbon dioxide to be absorbed from the many blood capillaries

Question 27

how is oxygen absorbed in the lungs?

Answer 27

oxygen is absorbed through the thin alveolar walls TO the many blood capillaries

Question 28

how is carbon dioxide absorbed in the lungs?

Answer 28

carbon dioxide is absorbed through the thin alveolar walls FROM the many blood capillaries

Question 29

what are carbohydrates broken down into in the small intestine?

Answer 29

glucose

Question 30

what are proteins broken down into in the small intestine?

Answer 30

amino acids

Question 31

what are fats broken down into in the small intestine?

Answer 31

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 32

where are the nutrients from food absorbed in the small intestines?

Answer 32

the villi

Question 33

what does each villi contain?

Answer 33

-a network of blood capillaries to absorb glucose and amino acids,
-a lacteal to absorb fatty acids and glycerol

Question 34

what is a lacteal?

Answer 34

part of the villi which absorbs fatty acids and glycerol from the small intestine into the blood stream