Module 3-Respiration Flashcards
Where does the first stage of aerobic respiration occur?
In the cytoplasm and it does not require any oxygen
Where does the second stage of aerobic respiration occur?
In the mitochondria and it requires oxygen
What is aerobic respiration?
It is the breaking up of glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce water, oxygen, and energy
What is the word equation for fermentation in animal cells?
Glucose —> x2 Pyruvate —> lactate (and 2ATP are produced in the process)
What is the word equation for stage 1 of aerobic respiration?
Glucose —> x2 Pyruvate (and in the process 2ATP are produced)
What is the word equation for stage 2 of respiration? (Aerobic respiration)
Pyruvate+Pyruvate—>CO2+Water (and in the process LOTS of ATP is produced)
What does a build up of lactate cause?
Muscle Fatigue
What does Muscle Fatigue cause?
An oxygen debt in cells
If oxygen is present what happens to the oxygen debt in the cell?
The oxygen debt is repaid, and the lactate is converted back into pyruvate
What is present if lime water turns cloudy?
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
How do you measure the rate of respiration?
With a respirometer
what is ATP?
adenosine triphosphate, is a substance which stores the chemical energy released from glucose during respiration
what is oxygen?
it is the gas required for the complete breakdown of glucose during aerobic respiration
what are enzymes? And what do they do?
enzymes are the type of protein that control the reactions that take place during respiration
what is the cytoplasm?
the cytoplasm is a jelly-like liquid containing cell organelles, and it is the main site of many chemical reactions
what is the mitochondria?
it is an organelle which is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production in cells
what is respiration common to?
it is common to all living cells
what does respiration provide?
respiration provides usable energy to allow organisms to move, grow, stay warm, and carry out essential chemical reactions.
what is energy used for in cells?
-transmission of nerve impulses
-protein synthesis
-muscle cell contraction
-cell division
what requires energy to be formed?
ATP
what is ATP used as?
a source of energy in cells
what is ATP broken down into?
ADP + Pi
what is the word equation for respiration?
glucose + oxygen —-> Water + CO2 + Energy
when does fermentation occur?
when no oxygen is present or their is a lack of oxygen
what is the word equation for fermentation in yeast cells?
Glucose —-> x2 Pyruvate <——-> CO2 + Ethanol (and in the process 2ATP are produced)
what does fermentation in plant and yeast cells carry out?
Glycolysis
what is no longer produced after the pyruvate has been broken down by fermentation?
energy
what is the ‘fermentation pathway’?
it is the name pf the pathway that takes place in animal, plant, and fungal cells in the absence of oxygen
Do muscle cells have lots of mitochondria?
Yes because they need to produce energy
What is respiration?
A series of enzyme controlled reactiosn
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen ———> oxygen + Water + Energy
What is glycolysis?
When glucose is broken down into energy
What are enzymes?
The are biological catalysts which increase the rate of a chemical reaction
Why do humans have an optimum of 37 degrees Celsius?
Because they don’t, many bodily functions will begin to break down
