Unit 2: Chapter 12

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

A fertilised egg that results from the fusion of haploid gametes, half from the father half from the mother

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

The early stage of a developing organism; in humans it’s the first 8 weeks of development

Question 3

Blastocyst

Answer 3

A hollow fluid-filled structure, with an inner mass of cells surrounded by an outer layer of cells - formed 5 days after fertilisation

Question 4

What is the final event of embryo formulation

Answer 4

Gastrulation

Question 5

Gastrulation

Answer 5

Complex cell migrations that re-organise the inner cell mass of the embryo blastocyst into a 3 layered structure

Question 6

What are the three layers of gastrulation?

Answer 6

Germ layers

1. Ectoderm
2. Mesoderm
3. Endoderm

Question 7

What are the layers composed of?

Answer 7

Stem cells that give rise to various cell types that form the mature organism

Question 8

Stem cells

Answer 8

Are undifferentiated or unspecialised cells that have the ability to differentiate into an organ or tissue-specific cells with specialised functions.

Question 9

What are the 2 defining features of stem cells?

Answer 9

Self-renewal

Potency

Question 10

Self-renewal

Answer 10

The ability to divide many times while maintaining an unspecialised state

Question 11

Potency

Answer 11

The ability to differentiate into specialised cells

Question 12

What are different kinds of stem cells?

Answer 12

Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Ogliopotent
Unipotent

Question 13

Totipotent

Answer 13

Has the potential to give rise to all cell types

Question 14

Pluripotent

Answer 14

Have the potential to produce any type of tissue, but cannot give rise to an entire organism

Question 15

Multipotent

Answer 15

Ability to differentiate into a closely related family of cells

Question 16

Ogliopotent

Answer 16

Ability to differentiate into a few different cells

Question 17

Unipotent

Answer 17

Only can produce the cells of their own type and self renew