Unit 2 : Chapter 10

Question 1

Asexual reproduction in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 1

Mitosis is for eukaryotes

Binary fission is for prokaryotes

Question 2

Asexual reproduction in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 2

Mitosis is for eukaryotes

Binary fission is for prokaryotes

Question 3

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Population growth can occur rapidly
One singular parent is needed
Every member can give birth to clones
Successful genotyped parents can reproduce quickly for better offspring

Question 4

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 4

There is no genetic variation so when conditions threaten the species they will all die because they are all the same

Question 5

Can some organisms have both asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 5

Yes some organisms can produce both sexually and asexually

Question 6

Aphids

Answer 6

Reproduce asexually when conditions are favourable in terms of food availability and temperature and produce sexually when temperatures fall and days become shorter

Question 7

Binary fission

Answer 7

An asexual process of reproduction for prokaryotes

Question 8

Binary fission steps

Answer 8

Replication of the circular molecule of DNA of the bacterial cell
Attachment of the 2 DNA molecules to the plasma membrane
Lengthening of the cell
Division of the cell into two via constriction across the middle of the cell

Question 9

Eukaryotes asexual reproduction

Answer 9

Binary fission
Budding
Parthenogenesis
Spore formation
Vegetative reproduction

Question 10

BInary fission in eukaryotes

Answer 10

When a unicellular eukaryotes divides by mitosis

Question 11

Budding

Answer 11

Mitosis occurs and a new bud forms on the parent and they can break away to form new organisms

Question 12

Parthenogenesis

Answer 12

Reproduction without fertilisation when an unfertilised egg develops
Typically all female species or no males are available

Question 13

Spore formation in fungi

Answer 13

Spores form by mitosis and then are released and carried away by the air to settle in a new location and form a new organism

Question 14

Vegetative reproduction

Answer 14

Runners
Cuttings
Rhizomes
Tubers
Bulbs
Suckers
Plantlets

Question 15

Cloning in horticulture

Answer 15

Can create clones of plants using a small part of the plant
Allows plants to be produced in large quantities and in any weather conditions, they can be protected from viruses and transported to different countries

Question 16

Artificial cloning of mammals techniques

Answer 16

Embryo splitting

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 17

Embryo splitting

Answer 17

An embryo at an early stage of development is divided into 2 seperate smaller embryos, basically creating twins

Question 18

Cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 18

Removing nucleus from the cells
Transfer a nucleus to a cell with no nucleus
Fuse a somatic cell with a cell without a nucleus