Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit 2 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Cell Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

why do we use buffer solution in cell franctionatio

A

to keep the pH constant because if pH changes then enzymes in the cell could denature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do we use cold temperatures in cell fractionation

A
  • to slow down enzymic activity - prevent destructive enxymes from damaging organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does cell fractionation mean

A

the seperation of all the different organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is meant by the term resolution

A

the minimum distance between 2 objects where they can still be seen as 2 seperate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

whats an advantage and a disadvantage to a light microscope

A

we can look at living cells but it has a poor resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many micrometres is 1mm

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats an advantage and disadvantage to electron microscopes

A
  • they have better resolution than light microscopes
  • you cannot view living specimens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whats an advantage and disadvantage to a TEM

A
  • high resolution
  • 2d image
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

whats an advantage and disadvantage to a SEM

A
  • 3d image
  • lower resolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give 3 examples of eukaryotic organisms

A

animals
plants
fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

give 2 examples of prokaryotic organisms

A

bacteria
archea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are 3 key features to eurkaryotic cells

A
  • they have their DNA in a membrane bound nucleus
  • their DNA is tightly wrapped around histone proteins
  • membrane bound organelles are present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the role of ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name 2 polysaccharides which make up cell walls in plants and fungi

A

cellulose for plant
chitin for fungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are 3 major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A
  • prokaryotic cells are much smaller
  • DNA is free flowing in cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells
  • ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are smaller than in eurkayotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells

A

peptidoglycan (murein)

17
Q

what is the role of pili in prokaryotic cells

A

means bacteria cells can attach onto surfaces or other bacteria cells

18
Q

when can viruses reproduce

A

when inside a host cell

19
Q

how does a virus reproduce

A

by using the host cells enzymes to make copies of itself

20
Q

what does acellular mean

A

not based on cells

21
Q

what are 3 roles of proteins in cells

A
  • they make up enzymes
  • they make up structural proteins
    -they transport molecules like haemoglobin
22
Q

what is the process of transcription

A

when the gene is converted into mRNA in the nucleus

23
Q

what is the process of translation

A

when a ribosome reads the info in mRNA and synthesises the protein molecule

24
Q

what is the function of nuclear pores

A

to allow molecules to enter and leave the nucleus

25
Q

what is the role of vesicels

A

transport polypeptides to from the RER to the golgi

26
Q

what is the role of the smooth ER

A

make and store both lipids and carbohydrates

27
Q

what is the role of the rough ER

A

the ribosomes on the surface sythesise proteins
the proteins then move through RER where theyre modified

28
Q

give an example of a modification the RER can make

A

a carbohydrate molecule can be attatched to the protein to make a glycoprotein

29
Q

what is the role of the golgi apparatus

A

involved in the process and packaging of proteins

30
Q

what are the 2 roles of lysosomes

A
  • they contain protease which is a digestive enzyme
  • used to destroy organelles which are damaged or no longer work
31
Q

what does protease do

A

digests larger molecules into smaller soluble molecules

32
Q

what is the role of mitochondira

A

site of aerobic respiration which produes ATP (energy)

33
Q

where could you find a large number of mitochondria

A

muscles as they contract which require a lot of energy

34
Q

what is the role of chloroplasts

A

site of photosynthesis

35
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis

A

CO2 + water

oxygen + glucose

36
Q

what are 2 functions of cell walls

A
  • provide strength to the cell
  • gives cells rigidity and contribute to the shape
37
Q

what is the role of a vacuole

A
  • removal of waste materials
38
Q

whats the difference between animal and plant vacuoles

A

animal vacuoles are temporary
plant vacuoles are permanent

Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions