Spontaneuos Flashcards
what are micelles
when bile salts which digest lipids form droplets called micelles
how are micelles formed
emulsifiacation
why are micelles benfeical
there are many micelles meaning a larger surface area
how are amino acids absorbed in the ileum
- via sodium co transporter
- specific amino acid carrier protein molecules are found within the cell
- they transport amino acids where only sodium ions are present via FAcillitated diffusion
how does the ileum keep a constant concentration gradient
active transport of sodium ions into the blood
positives to starch structure
large molecule so it cannot leave the cell
what is the function of mitochondria (2 marks)
- able to respire aerobically
- so more ATP is released
what is translocation
the transport of dissolved molecules in plants
what is meant by quaterenery structure
when 2 or more polypeptide chains are both in tertiary folding
whats meant by a phylogenetic group
evolutionary relationship between common ancestors
describe binary fission in bacteria
- to prepare itself it replicates its DNA and plasmids
- then the cytoplasm divides
- the new cell then takes half the DNA and plasmids
how can you make sure mitotic index is correct
- change field of view
- take an average
how is a phosphodiester bond formed between nucleotides
condensation reaction which is catalysed by DNA polymerase
why do the 2 strands of DNA seperate in semi conservative replication
DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between CG and AT pairs
3 ways which DNA in a chloroplast is different to the nucleus
- DNA is shorter in chloroplasts
- fewer genes in chloroplast
- DNA is circular in chloroplasts and linear in nucleus
