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Biology IGCSE > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

5 parts of the animal cells

A

Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm

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2
Q

8 parts of plant cells

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

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3
Q

Function of cell wall

A

. Stops cell from bursting when filled with water
. Supports and strengthens cell

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4
Q

Function of vacuole

A

. Contains cells sap (salts +sugars) -> mantainx firmness of cells

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5
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

. Keeps contents of cell inside
. Controls movement os substances into and out of the cells

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6
Q

Function of nucleus

A

. Stores DNA
. Controls all activities in cell + how it develops

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7
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

. Where many chemical reactions take place

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8
Q

Bacterial/circular DNA

A

. Controls cell activity + replication

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9
Q

Plasmids

A

. Small loops of extra DNA

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10
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

. Contains chlorophyll
. Where phtosynthesis happens
. Stores starch

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11
Q

3 parts of an animal cell visible under a microscope

A

. Nucleus
. Cytoplasm
. Cell wall

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12
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

. Site of protein synthesis (make proteins)

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13
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Carries out aerobic respiration to release energy

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14
Q

Function of cilliated cells

A

Movement of mucus in trachea and bronchi

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15
Q

Adaptation of cilliated cells

A

Small cilia that line the exposed surface can waft back and forwards, The cilia are long and thin so that lots of them can waft at the same time

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16
Q

Function of root hair cells

A

Absorption of ions and water

17
Q

Adaptation of root hair cells

A

. They have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
. They have a long extension to maximise the surface area available for uptake

18
Q

Function of palisade mesphyll cells

A

. To absorb light and carry photosynthesis

19
Q

Adaptations of palisade mesophyll cells

A

. Contain lots of chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis
. Cell wall made of cellulose
. Thin cell wall to minimise the diffusion distance
. Vacuole filled with cell sap

20
Q

Sepcialised cells

A

. Have structure that enables them to carry out a particular function

21
Q

Image size

A

Magnification X actual size

22
Q

Magnification

A

Image size DIVIDED BY actual size

23
Q

Actual size

A

Image size DIVIDED BY magnification

24
Q

Function of neurones (nerve cells)

A

. Conduction of electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

25
Q

Adaptations of neurones

A

. Ends contain neurotransmitters to send impulses to other neurones
. Extensiom of the cytoplasm like wires
. Thin to transmit impulses faster

26
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

Transport of oxygen around the body

27
Q

Adaptations of red blood cells

A

. No nucleus
. Contain lots of haemoglobin to carry oxygen
. Biconcave shape giving a large surface area
. Thin membrane to minimise the diffusion distance for gases

28
Q

Function of sperm cells

A

. To travel to, penetrate and fertilise egg cell

29
Q

Adaptation of sperm cell

A

. They contain a long tail to help it swim to the egg
. They have a middle section containing lots of Mitochondria which provide the cell with energy for swimming to the egg
. Head contains nucleus

30
Q

Function of egg cell

A

. To fuse with sperm cell for reproduction

31
Q

Adaptations of egg cell

A

. Haploid nucleus
. Lots of nutrients in cytoplasm to support the egg until it reaches the womb
. Large surface area

32
Q

Function of xylem cell

A

. Transports water and nutrients

33
Q

Adaptations of xylem cell

A

. Have a hollow tube
. Contain lingin

34
Q

Tissues

A

Many of the same type of cell working together to carry out a specific functiom

35
Q

Organs

A

Several tissues working together to carryout a specific function

36
Q

Organ system

A

Different organs working together to perform body functions

Biology IGCSE (21 decks)

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