Unit 1C - Challenges And Opportunities Flashcards
1
Q
Challenges with an ageing population (2)
A
- increasing need for elderly services (homes, medical care, pension) —> pressure on government
- increased dependency ratio (pressure on active workforce)
2
Q
Japan’s policy relating to ageing societies. (4 - generally supports the elderly)
A
- funding into medical technologies to reduce cost
- generous national pension plan
- subsidizes cost of care for elderly (affordable)
- expanded opportunities for childcare, government dating apps.
3
Q
Singapore’s pro-natalist policy (New Population Policy)
A
- encourages married couples to have 2 children
- encourages intellectually talented people (uni grads) to have 4 children
- encourages immigration of well-educated people.
4
Q
How did the Chinese government enforce its anti-natalist policy (One Child Policy)
A
- birth control/ forced abortion
- menstrual cycles monitored
- pelvic exams for suspected pregnancy
- IUD after 1 child
- infantcide (baby girls abandoned/killed)
5
Q
Why is human trafficking still commonly practiced in many countries? (2)
A
- hard to catch
- profitable
6
Q
How did Kerala, India reduce human trafficking?
A
- raise female literacy —> lowered birth rate + infant mortality rate
- improve quality of life of rural people —> education, healthcare spread evenly
7
Q
What is the demographic dividend?
A
- between stages 3-4 of the demographic transition model, high birth rate and low death rate
- low dependency ratio
- demand for goods and services expands
8
Q
How can a country (ex. Vietnam) maximize the demographic dividend to improve raise economic and social standards?
A
- expand the workplace to include women
- invest in the productivity of young people (education, nutrition, healthcare)
- savings increase, invest into infrastructure
9
Q
How did Vietnam take advantage of the demographic dividend (other than improve education and healthcare)?
A
Opened a free market; transitioned from agriculture to manufacturing and services
