Unit 1: Changing Population Flashcards
Development
The level of advancement that a place has achieved, in relation to economic and technological modernization as well as increased social quality of life and political stability
Examples of social development
High life expectancy (quality of life), equality, justice
Examples of cultural development
Education, preservation of culture
Examples of political development
Freedom of speech, democracy
Examples of environmental development
Conservation, sustinability
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country
Core-periphery model
A model that suggests that some cities/regions development faster because of human/physical advantages and turn into co regions and others into periphery regions
Internal migration
The movement of people within a country for both voluntary and involuntary reasons
Demographic transition model
A geographical model used to explain the process of change from high birth and death rates to low ones as part of the economic development of a country from pre-industrial to an industrialized economy
Population momentum
The tendency of population growth to continue beyond he point when replacement rate fertility has been achieved because of the high concentration of people of childbearing age
Total fertility rate
The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years
Natural increase
Birth rate minus death rate
Dependency ratio
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Demographic dividend
The accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s mortality and fertility and the subsequent decline in dependency ratio
Examples of economic development (3)
Expansion of economy, advances quality of life, interdependency (between countries)
Consequences of mega cities (8)
- Slums
- Homelessness
- Crime
- Traffic congestion
- Air/water pollution
- Urban sprawl
- Costs of infrastructure
- Waste management
Physical factors that change population distribution (7)
- Landforms
- Climate
- Soil
- Vegetation
- Access to water
- Pests and diseases
- Natural resources
Human factors that change population distribution (4)
- Agriculture
- Manufacturing
- Communication
- Political factors
Refugees
People who seek refuge from hazard, dangers, or persecution outside of their country, unable to return
Internally displaced persons (IDP)
People who have been forcibly relocated within their own country
Effects of an aging/greying population (6)
- Social welfare
- Healthcare
- Senior homes
- Pressure on social workers
- Gaps in the job market
- Working class pay more taxes
External forces that affect the rate of economic development (4)
Colonization, trade between countries, foreign aid, TNC investment (neo-colonialism)
Internal forces that affect economic development (3)
Transport, infrastructure, political systems (planning, policies towards trade)
Why have 23% of Nigerians internally migrated from rural to urban areas?
Political efforts to expand development in urban areas
Why are petroleum reservoirs a pull factor for people to internally migrate in Nigeria? (2)
- Employment
- Government improves unlit of life, education in large cities
What is the Hu Huanyong line?
94% of China’s population lives east of this line.
What makes the west end of China inhabitable? (Uneven population distribution)
South: steep, rugged mountains in the Himalayans
North: Desert with dry climate and soil
How does Shenzhen mitigate the consequences of urban sprawl (mega city growth)?
Urban sprawl - high rises, high density housing
What are some challenges that Shenzhen faces as a mega city with a growing population?
- Limited land
- Shortage of energy and water
- Environmental concerns, pollution
- Homelessness by undocumented workers
Why did Cambodia have a significant drop in population from 1975-1979?
The Khmer Rouge Regime
Which occupations did the Khmer Rouge Regime target?
- Doctors
- Engineerings
- Teachers
- Lawyers
Essentially well-educated professions that they deemed as threatening and capable of overturning the regime.
Which measures of development decreased after the Khmer Rouge Regime? (3)
- Fertility rate
- Infan mortality rate
- Life expectancy
Why did the fall of the USSR cause a rise in death rates and fall in birth rates?
USSR had a stable structure, systems fell apart
What did Russia’s government do to increase the population growth? (2)
- improve healthcare
- encourage immigration
Why did citizens from Niger internally migrate from Northern Niger to the capital? (3)
- land degradation (they used up all the nutrients in the soil, reused to the point that it was degraded)
- lake Chad dried up (provided fish, water, livestock)
- droughts
What was the conflict in Syria that caused. 7.6 million people to be internally displaced?
Civil war
What are the pull factors of Turkey for Syrian refugees or asylum seekers? (4)
- less Islamophobia
- closer to home
- similar culture
- welcoming government
