Unit 1: Changing Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Development

A

The level of advancement that a place has achieved, in relation to economic and technological modernization as well as increased social quality of life and political stability

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2
Q

Examples of social development

A

High life expectancy (quality of life), equality, justice

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3
Q

Examples of cultural development

A

Education, preservation of culture

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4
Q

Examples of political development

A

Freedom of speech, democracy

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5
Q

Examples of environmental development

A

Conservation, sustinability

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6
Q

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

A

The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country

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7
Q

Core-periphery model

A

A model that suggests that some cities/regions development faster because of human/physical advantages and turn into co regions and others into periphery regions

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8
Q

Internal migration

A

The movement of people within a country for both voluntary and involuntary reasons

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9
Q

Demographic transition model

A

A geographical model used to explain the process of change from high birth and death rates to low ones as part of the economic development of a country from pre-industrial to an industrialized economy

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10
Q

Population momentum

A

The tendency of population growth to continue beyond he point when replacement rate fertility has been achieved because of the high concentration of people of childbearing age

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11
Q

Total fertility rate

A

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years

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12
Q

Natural increase

A

Birth rate minus death rate

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13
Q

Dependency ratio

A

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

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14
Q

Demographic dividend

A

The accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s mortality and fertility and the subsequent decline in dependency ratio

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15
Q

Examples of economic development (3)

A

Expansion of economy, advances quality of life, interdependency (between countries)

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16
Q

Consequences of mega cities (8)

A
  1. Slums
  2. Homelessness
  3. Crime
  4. Traffic congestion
  5. Air/water pollution
  6. Urban sprawl
  7. Costs of infrastructure
  8. Waste management
17
Q

Physical factors that change population distribution (7)

A
  1. Landforms
  2. Climate
  3. Soil
  4. Vegetation
  5. Access to water
  6. Pests and diseases
  7. Natural resources
18
Q

Human factors that change population distribution (4)

A
  1. Agriculture
  2. Manufacturing
  3. Communication
  4. Political factors
19
Q

Refugees

A

People who seek refuge from hazard, dangers, or persecution outside of their country, unable to return

20
Q

Internally displaced persons (IDP)

A

People who have been forcibly relocated within their own country

21
Q

Effects of an aging/greying population (6)

A
  1. Social welfare
  2. Healthcare
  3. Senior homes
  4. Pressure on social workers
  5. Gaps in the job market
  6. Working class pay more taxes
22
Q

External forces that affect the rate of economic development (4)

A

Colonization, trade between countries, foreign aid, TNC investment (neo-colonialism)

23
Q

Internal forces that affect economic development (3)

A

Transport, infrastructure, political systems (planning, policies towards trade)

24
Q

Why have 23% of Nigerians internally migrated from rural to urban areas?

A

Political efforts to expand development in urban areas

25
Q

Why are petroleum reservoirs a pull factor for people to internally migrate in Nigeria? (2)

A
  1. Employment
  2. Government improves unlit of life, education in large cities
26
Q

What is the Hu Huanyong line?

A

94% of China’s population lives east of this line.

27
Q

What makes the west end of China inhabitable? (Uneven population distribution)

A

South: steep, rugged mountains in the Himalayans
North: Desert with dry climate and soil

28
Q

How does Shenzhen mitigate the consequences of urban sprawl (mega city growth)?

A

Urban sprawl - high rises, high density housing

29
Q

What are some challenges that Shenzhen faces as a mega city with a growing population?

A
  1. Limited land
  2. Shortage of energy and water
  3. Environmental concerns, pollution
  4. Homelessness by undocumented workers
30
Q

Why did Cambodia have a significant drop in population from 1975-1979?

A

The Khmer Rouge Regime

31
Q

Which occupations did the Khmer Rouge Regime target?

A
  1. Doctors
  2. Engineerings
  3. Teachers
  4. Lawyers
    Essentially well-educated professions that they deemed as threatening and capable of overturning the regime.
32
Q

Which measures of development decreased after the Khmer Rouge Regime? (3)

A
  1. Fertility rate
  2. Infan mortality rate
  3. Life expectancy
33
Q

Why did the fall of the USSR cause a rise in death rates and fall in birth rates?

A

USSR had a stable structure, systems fell apart

34
Q

What did Russia’s government do to increase the population growth? (2)

A
  • improve healthcare
  • encourage immigration
35
Q

Why did citizens from Niger internally migrate from Northern Niger to the capital? (3)

A
  • land degradation (they used up all the nutrients in the soil, reused to the point that it was degraded)
  • lake Chad dried up (provided fish, water, livestock)
  • droughts
36
Q

What was the conflict in Syria that caused. 7.6 million people to be internally displaced?

A

Civil war

37
Q

What are the pull factors of Turkey for Syrian refugees or asylum seekers? (4)

A
  • less Islamophobia
  • closer to home
  • similar culture
  • welcoming government