Option F: The Geography Of Food And Health Flashcards
Long term hunger caused by a lack of food over a long timescale.
Chronic hunger
Having a diet that lacks proper nutrition caused by not having enough to eat or not enough good quality food. Inadequate amount of quality of quantity of food as well as those diets that consume too much food.
Malnutrition
the length of time that an individual can expect to live based on adjustments made for years of ill health (a type of measurement for life expectancy)
HALE Health Ajusted Life Expectancy
Which index to measure nutrition considers affordability, avilability, and quality of food services? Their definition of of food security is state in which people always have physical, social, economic access to meet dietary needs.
Food security index
Which index measures
1. Undernourishment (insufficient calorie intake)
2. Child wasting (low weight for their height)
3. Child stunting (low height for their age)
4. Child mortality
Global Hunger Index
Why is measuring calories per capita not necessary accurate upon food security or malnutrition?
They may have many calories per capita, but it can be unhealthy food that does not contribute towards healthy lifestyle. Calorie per capita is also measuring the calories that a household buys, not consumes. Much waste or unused, esp in HIC.
Which model describes:
LIC:, food energy shifts from mainly carbohydrates. Small increase in GDP results in large increase in calories capita.
HIC: carbohydrates and fat with significant contributions from meat and dairy.
Nutritional transition model
Which measure of life expectancy considers mortality (dead) and morbidity (unhealthy)? Adjusts overall life expectancy by the amount of time lived in less than perfect health.
HALE
What is the rate that is the probability per 1,000 births that a child will die before reaching the age of 5?
Child mortality rate of U5 mortality rate.
What is the rate that is the number of deaths in children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births?
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
What is the rate that measures the annual number of female earths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy and its management.
Material mortality rate
What are some things that contribute towards access to sanitation? (5)
- facilities
- sewage systems
- flush toilets
- ventilation
- low access in rural areas —> more effective to focus on urban areas
- government policies
- population density
What is the transition that details how a country’s health profile shifts from infectious or contagious communicable diseases (epidemic) to non-communicable diseases that cause a gradual worsening in the health of an individual (degenerative disease)?
Epidemiological transition
Why are there more chronic diseases, especially in HIC? Connects to another trend in these HIC
Aging populations
Impact of a health issue when measured by its financial cost, mortality, morbidity… It is especially high for LIC that continue to experience infectious dieseases and non-communicable diseases with the elderly population
Disease burden
How can you compare the relative sustainability of subsistence farming vs commercial farming? Look at inputs, outputs, cycle
Subsistence:
Input: labour (usually from whole family)
Output: many types of crops eaten and cycled around
- waste can be reused in other areas
Commercial:
Input: farmer and machinery
Output: animals slaughtered and profited off of
Are food shortages only caused by physical factors? If not, what other factors influence food shortage?
Political and economic factors
What is the spread of a disease into new locations? It occurs when incidences of disease spread out from an initial source. (Frictional effect of distance or distance decay suggests that) areas closer to the sources and more likely to be affected by it, and sooner, than areas further away from the source.
Disease diffusion
What type of disease difficusion occurs when the expanding disease has a source and diffuses outwards into new areas?
Expansion diffusion