Option E Leisure Tourism And Sport

Question 1

What are factors that contribute towards the growth of leisure? (8)

Answer 1

1. A reduction in the length of the working day/week
2. Increase in wages/disposable income// growing middle class
3. Growth/popularity of leisure activities
4. Developments in technology’s (washing machine and freezer) which enable people to spend less time on chores. Other developments in technology (TV and Internet) which provide opportunities for leisure
5. Urbanization
6. Greater online connectivity
7. Aging population

Question 2

Why do women generally have less leisure time than men?

Answer 2

They are typically responsible for household chores, parenting, other work that is unpaid.

Question 3

What is it called when a tourist site has a preexisting attraction for tourism or decreasing (not build specifically for the purpose) like at Machu Picchu or the natural hot springs in Japan.

Answer 3

Primary tourist/recreational resource

Question 4

What is it called when a tourist place is built by the increase in accommodations, catering, entertainment and shopping?

Answer 4

Secondary tourist/recreational resources

Question 5

In the US is there more or less group leisure time? Why and what do people do now?

Answer 5

Less group leisure time since internet and TV. People exercise independently, don’t take as much part in team sports/

Question 6

How does participation in tourism and sport vary between Mexico and Sweden (LIC and HIC)?

Answer 6

In Mexico on average people work more than they spend time on tourism. Play soccer, sports that require less equipment and funds. With tourism, people are usually coming into the country as tourists, but there is an increasing amount of tourists who are going out of te country to partake in tourist activities.
In Sweden, people spend more time on tourism. People don’t usuallly visit the country, usually go out. In terms of work time, it is equal among genders.

Question 7

How did they manage the land use in Machu Picchu, Peru? *no newer add it later

Question 8

How does the level of sport facility in an area change with its sphere of influence? (Village —> small country town —> town —> city —> capital city

Answer 8

Village - community open space
Small country town - sports hall, tennis courts, swimming pools
Town - sports venues, golf courses, skateboard parks, gym
City - sports stadium, home grounds of sports clubs (football, rugby, hockey athletic grounds)
Capital city - national sports centre for selected sports

Question 9

Intramural spatial patterns —> why are most sports facilities located on the peripheral of cities vs centre?

Answer 9

Centre the land demand is high, sports facilities take up a lot of space so it woul be unaffordable.

Question 10

How did the geography of the Australian Football League change, like where are the teams based in, where do they play games, who watches the games and how does this change where they play? (Cities that can talk about are Melbourne)

Answer 10

• Based in Melbourne
• most teams are in Melbourne or near it
• geographically dispersed audience therefore uses venues that do not have an AFL team

Question 11

What are the benefits of large scale sporting, musicale, cultural, or religious festivals as temporary leisure sites? Think benefits for the government, economy, local businesses

Answer 11

• local gov benefit financially from the festival (but also need to contribute financially for water, police, garbage disposal, etc…)
• local businesses can grow, expand audience, temporary boom

Question 12

What are the impacts of a large music festival or sporting, cultural, religious festivals? Think environmental, on the local residents, … (3)

Answer 12

• air pollution (high CO2)
• waste disposal (human waste, empty plastic water bottles and tents)
• noise pollution (ex. COACHELLA has a strict ending time of 1am, if beyond this, artists have to pay each minute)

Question 13

What is this called: special interest tourism catering for relatively small number of tourists (heritage tourism, eco tourism, Argo tourism, medical tourism, adventure tourism, dark tourism…

Answer 13

Niche tourism

Question 14

What are the costs and benefits of running the heritage site, Machu Picchu? (Think social benefits for locals and tourists, infrastructure, economic benefits and costs, and environmental costs)

Answer 14

Social benefits:
- cultural exchange between visitors and locals, learning of new languages and foreign customs, celebbbration of culture
- improvements in infrastructure (electricity, water supply, sewerage and commmunications)
Economic benefit:
- attracts affluent tourists that will pay more.
- extra tax revenue for government
- direct employment for residents
- multiplier effect
Economic cost:
- inflates local prices of goods and services
- seasonal jobs in tourism (not stable) also, can fluctuate from recession
Environmental costs:
- footpath erosion bc more than carrying capacity
- urbanization —> untreated sewage and garbage in environment.

Question 15

What are the pros and cons of TNCs in the tourism industry specifically for LICs? 1 pro 2 cons)

Answer 15

PRO:
- introduce people to see this country as a tourist attraction, more economic prosper for the country than before
CONS:
- money often goes to the company, not the LIC. Since these TNCs cover airlines, hotels, tours, etc…
- environmental damage with less economic prosper.

Question 16

What is the multiplier effect?

Answer 16

When something in one industry affects the other; more prosper in the tourism industry means more locals producing food, which means a higher demand from farmers, which multiplies across industries indirectly.

Question 17

Why are most international sporting events hosted in HICs?

Answer 17

They should be able to pay for all the costs that come with this event, so often LIC are not eligible or not considered to host.

Question 18

Rio De Janeiro held the olympics (summer 2016). What did they do to relocate their low income neighbourhoods and what is the aftermath of the stadiums?

Answer 18

• relocate low income neighbour hoods to deeper into the city, less convenient.
• Built walls to block Olympics tourists and athletes from seeing their low income neighbourhoods.
• Stadiums unused, pools abandoned, debt for country

Question 19

What is the measure of absolute space (ex. # of spaces within a car park)? ______ carrying capacity

Answer 19

Physical carrying capacity

Question 20

What is the level of use that an environment can sustain before environmental damage occurs? (______ capacity)

Answer 20

Ecological capacity

Question 21

What is the level of crowding that a tourist will tolerate before deciding that the location is too full? Decline in teh quality of the experience from the perception of recreational users. (_____ Capacity)

Answer 21

Perpetual capcity

Question 22

What is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation is to meet their own needs?

Answer 22

Sustainable tourism

Question 23

What type of tourism are these 3 aspects emphasized?
- operate within natural capacities for the regeneration and future productivity of natural resources
- recognizes the contribution of people in the communities, customs and lifestyles linked to the tourism experience
- accepts that people must have an equitable share in the economic benefits of tourism

Answer 23

Sustainable tourism

Question 24

How is ecotourism different from sustainable tourism? What are the problems with ecotourism?

Answer 24

Ecotourism focuses on the remote areas with a low density of tourists. More related to ecology and ecosystems (coral reef, forests, backpacking). May be more harmful to the environment because need to balance conservation with providing tourists with all the facilities they desire.

Ex. Going off the beaten path as a backpacker may be more harmful to the environment than following a well-established bus route

Question 25

Why did the government not regulate the carrying capacity (300-500) in the Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia? It has to do with $$$

Answer 25

Since the country was LIC, it just wanted as many tourists as possible to maximize revenue.

Question 26

What were problems that arised with the increase of tourists at the Angkor Heritage Site in Cambodia? (Overcrowding, more than carrying capacity) Think about the effect on the locals, the site, and the visitor’s experience (4)

Answer 26

• congestion near the carvings
• noise pollution inside of the heritage site
• market stalls encroaching into temple causing pollution
• overcrowding

Question 27

Are people inspired by social media inspo for travelling? Does this influence future international tourism? (Yes or no)

Answer 27

Yes! Use trip advisor, facebook, etc…

Question 28

the dispersion or spread of a people from their original homeland.

Answer 28

Diaspora

Question 29

Why might diaspora tourism be more helpful to the local economy vs regular tourism?

Answer 29

Diaspora more likely to invest in local businesses, stay in local accommodations (B&B), eat in local restaurants…. Money is. Less than international tourists, but will go directly to local citizens.