Unit 16. The Energy Crisis Flashcards
Filled with noise and activity.
Abuzz
A fuel that is made from living things or their waste. (Combustible biológico)
Biofuel
(Mainly US) (Informal) A funny or enjoyable situation.
Gas
A problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress. (Obstáculo)
Hurdle
To control or limit something that is not wanted. (Dominar, restringir)
Curb
Used to describe shares that are traded directly between dealers rather than on a stock market.
Over-the-counter
To reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc. (Agotar, disminuir)
Deplete
(Gastar, dedicar)
Expend
Thin paper with a covering of carbon or other dark substance on one side, used between sheets or writing to make copies.
Carbon paper
A plant with yellow flowers from which oil and animal food are produced. (Colza)
Rapeseed / Oilseed rape / Rape
Describes a type of petrol or other substance that does not contain lead.
Unleaded
- Very serious or extreme. (Nefasto, alarmante, extreme) - (Informal) Very bad. (Pésimo)
Dire
The activity of trying to stop the damage caused by activities that produce carbon by doing other things to reduce, such as planting trees.
Carbon offset / carbon offsetting
(Que utiliza combustible biológico)
Biofuelled
To give up the control of or the responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to. (Ceder)
Yield
To fill something in an untidy or badly organized way. (Amontonar)
Clutter
(Expression) To fall suddenly to a lower level. (Bajar de golpe)
Take a tumble
A method of calculating the age of extremely old objects by measuring the amount of a particular type of carbon in them.
Carbon dating
(Emisiones)
Emissions
(Expression) To think that someone has the same bad qualities as another person.
Tar somebody with the same brush
(US) Petrol. (Gasolina)
Gas
On a car, a small cover that goes over the hole you put fuel into.
Petrol cap (UK) / Gas cap (US)
- (Formal) To keep or continue to have something. (Retener, guardar)
- (Formal) If a substance _ something, such as heat or water, it continues to hold or contain it.
- (Legal) To get the services of a lawyer by paying them before you need them.
Retain
Material that is used in an industrial process. (Materia prima)
Feedstock
(Specialized) Containing carbon.
Carbonic
(Críticamente)
Critically
(Seriamente)
Critically
A building, activity or business, etc. that does not involve any carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere.
Zero-carbon
Extremely serious or dangerous. (Serio, critico)
Critical
(Crucialmente)
Critically
In a way that opposes something. (Contrario a, en contra de)
Counter
(Convertir)
Convert
Someone’s _ is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce.
Carbon footprint
- A substance in a form like air that is neither solid or liquid. (Gas)
- A substance in a form like air that is used as a fuel for heating and cooking. (Gas)
- (Informal) A substance in a form like air used for medical purposes to prevent people feeling pain or being conscious during an operation. (Gas anestético)
Gas
Of the greatest importance to the way things might happen. (Crucial, fundamental)
Critical
Official permission to leave the armed forces, a prison, or a hospital. (Alta, liberación, puesta en libertad)
Discharge
A long, flat, narrow surface or table in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. at which people are served. (Mostrador, barra, ventanilla)
Counter
A chemical element that exists in its pure form as diamond or grapite, and is important part of substances such as coal and oil, as well as being contained in all plants and animals. (Carbono)
Carbon (symbol C)
The edge of a raises path nearest the road. (Bordillo, cuneta)
Kerb (UK) / Curb (US)
(Expression) (US) (Informal) To hit someone forcefully and repeatedly.
Beat/knock/whale the tar out of somebody
(Expression) To stop in order to allow other vehicles to go past before you drive onto a bigger road. (Ceder el paso)
Yield to something (US) / Give way (UK)
(Mainly US) Wind. (Flatulencia)
Gas
A sudden fall. (Caída)
Tumble
(Formal) The performance of duties or payment of money that is owed. (Ejercicio)
Discharge
(Phrasal verb) To agree to do something that you do not want to do or should not to. (Ceder a/ante algo)
Yield to something
(Formal) To perform a task, especially an official one. (Cumplir)
Discharge
To supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount or food or information. (Producir, render)
Yield
Carrying or holding a lot of something. (Cargado)
Laden
(Expression) - Fighting between children that is not serious. - A busy activity that people o in a very forceful way.
Rough and tumble
An _ drug is bought from a shop without visiting a doctor first. (Sin receta médica)
Over-the-counter
A small object used to mark someone’s place in some games played on boards. (Ficha)
Counter / (US also) Piece
A machine that dries wet clothes by turning them in hot air. (Secadora)
Tumble dryer (UK) / Tumble drier (US) / Dryer
A lawyer who defends someone in a law court. (Abogado)
Advocate
A frame of fence for jumping over in a race. (Valla, barrera)
Hurdle
(Mainly US) (Informal) Energy and enthusiasm.
Zap
(Expression) Things bought _ are bought secretly and illegally.
Under the counter
- A black substance, sticky when hot, used especially for making roads. (Alquitrán, brea)
- One of the poisonous substances found in tobacco. (Alquitrán)
Tar
(Formal) To think carefully about something, especially for a negotiable lengh of time. (Reflexionar, ponderar)
Ponder
To put tar on a surface. (Alquitranar)
Tar
The act of examining someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success, or needs. (Evaluación, valoración)
Appraisal
(Preservar)
Preserve
To run in a race in which there are hurdles to be jumped over, or to jump over something while running.
Hurdle
If a person, organization, event, etc. is _, it does things such as planting trees to reduce carbon dioxide by the same amount as it produces it.
Carbon-neutral
Saying that someone or something is bad or wrong. (Crítico)
Critical
Someone who publicly supports something. (Defensor, partidario)
Advocate
A gas that causes painful breathing and tears, used by the army or police to control a person or a crowd in a violent situation. (Gas lacrimógeno)
CS gas
A limit on something that is not wanted.
Curb
Happening often or often seen or experienced and so not considered to be special. (Común, corriente)
Commonplace
(Formal) To fire a gun, or to fire a shot from a gun. (Disparar)
Discharge
- (Informal) To go somewhere or do something quickly.
- (Informal) To use an electronic device to change television channels quickly, sometimes to avoid watching advertisements.
Zap
(Formal) The act of firing a gun. (Disparo)
Discharge
To be greater or more important than something else. (Pesar más que)
Outweigh
A copy of a document, made with carbon paper. (Calco)
Carbon / Carbon copy
A person or thing that is very similar to or exactly like another person or thing. (Calco, viva imagen)
Carbon copy
To kill or injure a person by making them breathe poisonous gas.
Gas
(Renovable)
Renewable
An amount of something positive, such as food or profit, that is produced or supplied. (Rendimiento)
Yield
(Conservar)
Conserve
- To balance one influence against an opposing influence, so that there is no great difference as a result. (Compensar)
- To pay for things that will reduce carbon in order to reduce the damage causes by carbon that you produce.
Offset
(Consumir)
Consume
- The act of sending out waste liquid or gas. (Vertido, emission)
- Liquid matter that comes from a part of the body and is often infected. (Secreción, supuración)
Discharge
To react to something with an opening opinion or action, or to defend yourself against something. (Contrarrestar, responder, hacer frente)
Counter
(Drástico)
Drastic
Making you feel serious or think about serious matters. (Que da que pensar)
Sobering
To send out a substance, especially waste liquid or gas. (Vertir, emitir)
Discharge
A person or machine that counts. (Contador)
Counter
To allow someone officially to leave somewhere, especially a hospital or a law court.
Discharge
A race in which people or horses jump over hurdles. (Carrera de vallas)
Hurdles
A meeting in which an employee discusses his or her progress, aims, and needs at work with his or her manager or employer.
Job/performance appraisal
(A lot of objects in) a state of being untidy. (Desorden, montón, confusion)
Clutter
To publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something. (Abogar, ser partidario)
Advocate
(Defensa, apoyo)
Advocacy
(Formal) To bend or break under pressure.
Yield
- To fall quickly and without control. (Caer(se))
- To fall a lot of value in a short time. (Desplomarse)
- To move in an uncontrolled way, as if falling or likely to fall.
Tumble
Giving opinions or judgements on books, plays, films, etc. (Crítico)
Critical
(Formal) A boring remark that is used very often and does not have much meaning. (Tópico, cosa corriente)
Commonplace
(Preffix) Opposing or as a reaction to something.
Counter-
(Informal) To destroy or kill something or someone, especially intentionally. (Cargarse)
Zap
The part of a car that you push with your foot to make it go faster.
Accelerator (UK) / The gas (US) / Gas pedal (US)
(Recargable)
Rechargeable
(Expression) (Formal) To pay back a debt completely.
Discharge a debt
(Desordenado)
Cluttered
A flat surface in a kitchen, especially on top of low furniture, on which food can be prepared. (Encimera)
(Kitchen) counter (US) / Worktop (UK)
