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Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS > Unit 11. Design and Innovation > Flashcards

Unit 11. Design and Innovation Flashcards

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1
Q

To cause something bad to start. (Provocar, desencadenar)

A

Trigger

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2
Q

(Expression) A set of ideas or facts accepted by a person that explains their behaviour, opinions or decisions. (Marco de referencia)

A

Frame of reference

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2
Q

The fact that something is too loose. (Flacidez. distension)

A

Slack

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2
Q
  • To reduce or cause something to reduce. (Agotar, disminuir) - If the blood/colour _ from someone’s face, or if their face _ (of blood/colour), they turn very pale, often because they are shocked or ill. (Palidecer)
A

Drain

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3
Q

To cover something in concrete. (Revestir de hormigón)

A

Concrete

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3
Q

Shouted when a tree that has been cut is about to fall.

A

Timber

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3
Q

Not tight, loose. (Suelto, flojo)

A

Slack

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3
Q

Empty, simple, or obvious, especially without decoration or anything that is not necessary. (Escueto, desnudo, austere, dure, severo)

A

Stark

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3
Q

(Construir)

A

Construct

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3
Q

To remove and/or take in a particular direction, especially in a fast and powerful way. (Arrastrar)

A

Sweep

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4
Q

To represent or show something in a picture or story. (Representar)

A

Depict

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5
Q

The act of sweeping something to clean it. (Barrido)

A

Sweep

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6
Q

(Medias)

A

UK: Tights US: Pantyhose

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6
Q

(Expression) (US informal) Unfair treatment.

A

The shaft

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6
Q
  • To completely destroy a building, especially in order to use the land for something else. (Demoler, derribar) - To prove that an argument or theory is wrong. (Echar por tierra)
A

Demolish

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7
Q

A cover that you put on a teapot or a boiled egg to keep it warm.

A

UK: Cosy US: Cozy

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7
Q

Grateful because of help given. (Agradecido)

A

Indebted

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7
Q

(Expression) To raise a flag to the top of a pole using a rope. (Alzar la bandera)

A

Hoist a flag

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8
Q

An explosion. (Sacudida, onda expansiva)

A

Blast

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8
Q

Not having enough space or time. (Estrecho, apretado)

A

Cramped

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8
Q

A tall modern building with many floors.

A

High-rise

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8
Q

To keep thinking or talking about something, especially something bad or unpleasant. (Obsesionarse)

A

Dwell on something

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9
Q

A place where you pay to use the machines there that will wash and dry clothes. (Lavandería)

A

Launderette / Laundrette / (US) Laudromat

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9
Q

Describes a building with several floors. (De varias plantas)

A

UK: Multistorey US: Multistory

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10
Q

Describes a product that is intended to be thrown away after use. (Desechable)

A

Disposable

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11
Q

(Expression) Almost.

A

All but

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13
Q

A moving ship that can be used for removing goods from a ship, putting bags onto an aircraft, moving grain into a store, etc. (Montacargas)

A

Elevator

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14
Q

To direct water onto something using a hose. (Lavar o regar con manguera)

A

Hose

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15
Q

To fix a border around a picture, etc. and often glass in front of it. (Encuadrar)

A

Frame

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16
Q

A word used especially in shops for things such as socks, tights, and stockings. (Medias, calcetería)

A

Hose / Hosiery

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16
Q

Delicate, as if full of air. (Ligero)

A

Airy

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17
Q

A sudden strong blow of air. (Ráfaga)

A

Blast

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17
Q

To form an edge to something in an attractive way. (Enmarcar)

A

Frame

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19
Q
  • A pile of things arranged one on top of the other. (Pila) - (Informal) A large amount. (Montón)
A

Stack

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20
Q
  • An opportunity to make your ideas or beliefs known publicly. - All the things that a political party promises to do if they are elected. (Programa politico)
A

Platform

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21
Q

Describes a situation that is convenient for those involved but may not be honest or legal.

A

UK: Cosy US: Cozy

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22
Q
  • If you _ something, you remove the liquid from it, usually by pouring it away or allowing it to flow away, and if something _, liquid flows away or out of it. (Drenar, escurrir) - If you _ a glass or cup, you drink all the liquid in it. (Acabar, bebértelo todo)
A

Drain

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23
Q

(Expression) The freedom to do, say, or feel what you want. (Rienda suelta)

A

Free rein

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24
Q

To easily defeat someone.

A

Demolish

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25
Q

With a lot of light and space. (Espacioso, amplio)

A

Airy

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25
Q

(Innovador)

A

Innovative

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25
Q

To strongly encourage or try to persuade someone to do something. (Exhortar, inciter)

A

Exhort

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26
Q
  • (Literary) Very high an making people feel respect. (Destacado, sobresaliente) - Very great. (Imponente, alto)
A

Towering

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27
Q
  • To imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good. (Prever) - To form a mental picture of something or someone you have never seen. (Imaginar)
A

Envisage

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27
Q

To win all the parts of a completion, or to win very easily. (Arrasar)

A

Sweep

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28
Q

Tha basic structure of a building, vehicle, or piece of furniture that other parts are added onto. (Armazón, estructura)

A

Frame

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29
Q

To express something choosing your words carefully. (Formular, elaborar una frase, pregunta)

A

Frame

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30
Q
  • To love, protect, and care for someone or something that is important to you. (Estimar, apreciar) - To keep hopes, memories, or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and bring you pleasure. (Conservar)
A

Cherish

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31
Q

(Phrasal verb) To praise something or someone in a way that will influence people’s opinions.

A

Build something/somebody up

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33
Q

(Expression) The way someone thinks or feels about something at a particular time. (Estado de ánimo)

A

Frame of mind

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35
Q

A long, thin pole made of wood or metal. (Barra, vara)

A

Rod

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35
Q

Owing money. (Endeudado)

A

Indebted

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37
Q

(UK) The system of pipes, openings in the ground or other devices that are used for carrying away waste matter and water. (Alcantarillado)

A

Drains

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38
Q

In football, a _ is a player whose position is behind the other defenders.

A

Sweeper

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40
Q

(Ocupar)

A

Occupy

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41
Q

To perform an examination on a chemical in order to test how pure it is. (Evaluar, analizar)

A

Assay

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42
Q

To explode or destroy something or someone with explosives, or to break through or hit something with a similar, very strong force. (Volar, bombardear)

A

Blast

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42
Q

An ugly grey area of a city where people live in closely crowded apartment buildings and there is little space and no trees or grass.

A

Concrete jungle

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43
Q

Showing no worry or serious thought. (Despreocupado, hecho a la ligera)

A

Airy

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43
Q

To quickly eat all the food you have been given. (Zamparse)

A

Demolish

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44
Q

A thing or person that is very surprising or causes a lot of admiration. (Maravilla)

A

Marvel

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45
Q

(Expression) To make someone become suddenly and completely in love with you. (Conquistar)

A

Sweep somebody off their feet

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46
Q

The period of preparation before something happens.

A

Build-up

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47
Q

(A piece of) material like a net with spaces in it, made from wire, plastic, or thread. (Malla)

A

Mesh

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49
Q

(Expression) The people who are up on a platform in order to speak to an audience.

A

The platform

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49
Q

More important that anything else. (Fundamental, primordial)

A

Overrriding

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49
Q

Showing little activity; not busy or happening in a positive way. (Perezoso, vago, descuidado)

A

Slack

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50
Q

(Innovación, novedad)

A

Innovation

51
Q

To clean especially a floor by using a brush to collect the dirt into one place from which it can be removed. (Barrer)

A

Sweep

52
Q

To say what the punishment of someone who has commited a serious crime will be.

A

Condemn somebody to (do) something

53
Q

(Specialized) One of the pictures on a strip of photographic film, or one of the single pictures that together form a television or cinema film. (Fotograma)

A

Frame

53
Q

The type of computer system you are using, in connection with the type of software you can use on it. (Plataforma)

A

Platform

54
Q

The size and shape of someone’s body. (Cuerpo, constitución)

A

Frame

55
Q

Something that makes you very tired.

A

Drain

56
Q

To criticize someone or something severely. (Emprenderla contra)

A

Blast

58
Q

Comfortable and pleasant, especially (of a building) because of being small and warm. (Cómodo, calentito)

A

UK: Cosy US: Cozy

60
Q

To join together in the correct position. (Engranar)

A

Mesh

61
Q

To officially declare (something) to be unfit for use. (Declarar en ruina/ como no apto)

A

Condemn

62
Q

(Phrasal verb) To increase or become larger or stronger, or to cause someone or something to do this. (Desarrollar, incrementar, acumular)

A

Build (something/somebody) up

63
Q

A set of stairs inside a building, usually with a bar fixed on the wall or onto vertical poles at the side for you to hold on to. (Escalera)

A

Staircase

64
Q
  • To look at something carefully, with the eyes or with a machine, in order to get information. (Examinar, explorar) - To look through a text quickly in order to find a piece of information that you want or to get a general idea of what the text contains. (Echar un vistazo a)
A

Scan

65
Q

Tall, with many floors.

A

High-rise

66
Q

To arrange things in a ordered pile. (Apilar)

A

Stack

67
Q
  • A long, thin piece of material, especially leather, that helps you to control and direct a horse. (Rienda) - (UK) A strap that is put around a small child’s body wrist and held at the other end by an adult so that the adult can stop the child from running away
A

Rein

67
Q

(Funcional)

A

Functional

68
Q

A multistorey car park.

A

UK: Multistorey US: Multistory

69
Q

(Expression) Soon.

A

Before (very/too) long Before much longer

71
Q

To make someone suffer in a particular way. (Condenar)

A

Condemn somebody to something

72
Q

A pipe or channel that is used to carry away waste matter and water from a building, or an opening in the road that rain water can flow down. (Alcantarilla)

A

Drain

73
Q

Travelling on public transport further than your ticket allows you to.

A

Overriding

74
Q

A wooden or plastic triangle used to put the balls into position at the start of a game such as billiards or snooker.

A

UK: Frame US: Rack

76
Q

(Expression) As loud as possible. (A todo volumen)

A

At full blast

77
Q

Wood used for building. (Madera para construcción)

A

UK: Timber US: Lumber

78
Q

To live in a place or in a particular way. (Residir, vivir)

A

Dwell

80
Q

When different things or people _, they suit each other or work well together.

A

Mesh

81
Q
  • To move, especially quickly and powerfully. (Pasar a toda velocidad) - To quickly spread through and influence an area. (Invadir) - To travel across all of an area, especially when looking for something. (Recorrer, peinar) - If a road, river, range of mountains, set of steps, etc. _ in a particular direction, they follow a particular curved path. (Extenderse, recorrer)
A

Sweep

83
Q

(Expression) A beam of light. (Un rayo de luz)

A

Shaft of light

83
Q

To lift something heavy, sometimes using ropes or a machine. (Levantar, alzar)

A

Hoist

85
Q

(Decorar)

A

Decorate

86
Q
  • To remove a covering like a curtain from a new structure at a formal ceremony on order to show the opening or finishing of a new building or work of art. - If you _ something new you show it or make it known for the first time. (Revelar, descubrir)
A

Unveil

88
Q
  • To (make something or someone) become difficult to see clearly. (Hacer borroso, desdibujar) - To make the difference between two things less clear, or to make It difficult to see the exact truth about something. (Desdibujar)
A

Blur

90
Q

(Phrasal verb) To compare with another thing of a similar type. (Compararse)

A

Stack up

91
Q

To make a very loud and unpleasant noise.

A

Blast

92
Q

(Phrasal verb) If a rocket _, it leaves the ground to go to space.

A

Blast off

93
Q

To use a machine to put a picture of a document into a computer, or to take a picture of the inside of something. (Escanear, explorar con imagen)

A

Scan

94
Q

Cloth hanging or arranged in folds. (Pañería, colgaduras)

A

Drapery

95
Q
  • A movement, especially a quick, powerful one or one to search an area. (Movimiento, trayectoria, marcha) - A long, often curved, area of land, sea, river, etc. (Curva, extensión, trazado)
A

Sweep

97
Q

A large piece of electrical equipment used in the home, especially in the kitchen. (Gran electródomestico)

A

Domestic appliance

99
Q

A sudden loud noise.

A

Blast

101
Q

To make someone very tired. (Agotar)

A

Drain

102
Q

The money that you can spend as you want and not the money you spend on taxes, food, and other basic needs. (Renta disponible)

A

Disposable income

103
Q

Trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for building. (Árboles que dan madera)

A

Timber

104
Q

(Activar)

A

Activate

106
Q

To cheat or trick someone, or to treat them unfairly. (Joder)

A

Shaft

107
Q

A device, machine, or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house, such as a cooker or washing machine. (Electrodoméstico grande o pequeño)

A

Appliance

107
Q

A long piece of wood used for building, especially houses and ships. (Viga de madera)

A

Timber

107
Q

A hole in a bath, sink, etc. through which water flows away and into which you can put a plug. (Desagüe)

A

UK: Plughole US: Drain

108
Q
  • A flat raised area or structure. (Plataforma) - A long, flat raised structure at a railway station, where people get on and off trains. (Andén) - The raised part of the floor in a large room, from which you make a speech or give a musical performance. (Tarima, tribuna)
A

Platform

109
Q

Something that used more of your energy, money, or time that you want to give.

A

Drain

110
Q

(Expression) A situation in which a player, team, etc. wins everything that is available. (Ganarlo todo)

A

A clean sweep

112
Q

(Espacioso)

A

Spacious

113
Q

A situation in which someone or something is praised, advertised, or talked about on the internet, in newspapers, etc. (Propaganda)

A

Build-up

114
Q

An area with a wall or bars around it that is joined to the outside wall of a building on an upper level. (Balcón, terraza)

A

Balcony

114
Q

A state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder. (Confusión, agitación)

A

Turmoil

116
Q

(US informal) An exciting or enjoyable experience or event, often a party. (Desmadre, fiestón)

A

Blast

117
Q

To invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually cleverly or using imagination. (Trazar, idear, concebir)

A

Devise

119
Q

Someone or something that sweeps something clean. (Barrendero, aspiradora)

A

Sweeper

120
Q

If a poem or part of a poem _, it follows a pattern of regular beats. (Medir un poema)

A

Scan

121
Q

A long, either vertical or sloping, passage through a building or through the ground. (Hueco, pozo)

A

Shaft

122
Q

The moment when a spacecraft leaves the ground.

A

Blast-off

123
Q

A part of a machine that allows movement on one direction only. It is usually a wheel with teeth-like parts that either slide over or lack against the free end of a bar. (Trinquete)

A

Ratchet

124
Q

(Old-fashioned) A pair of trousers, usually of a type that fit loosely.

A

Slacks

126
Q

To show or experience great surprise or admiration. (Maravillarse, asombrarse)

A

Marvel

128
Q

Completely or extremely. (Completamente)

A

Stark

129
Q

To work more slowly and with less effort that usual, or to go more slowly. (Holgazanear)

A

Slack

130
Q
  • A person who lives or works in a room or building. (Residente, inquilino, ocupante) - A person who is in a car, room, seat, place, or position. (Ocupante)
A

Occupant

132
Q

A road accident involving a row of cars. (Accidente en cadena)

A

Stack-up

133
Q

An important stage in something’s development. (Hito)

A

Landmark

134
Q

Clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt. (Concreto)

A

Concrete

135
Q

(De una sola planta)

A

Single-storey

136
Q

(Formal) A house or place to live in. (Vivienda, morada)

A

Dwelling

138
Q

To criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons. (Condenar)

A

Condemn

139
Q

(Literary) A clever remark, especially one that is intended as an attack on someone or something.

A

Shaft

140
Q

(Exprission) To not judge someone as severely as you usually would because they are having problems at the present time. (Ser más tolerante con)

A

Cut somebody some slack

141
Q

Very small pieces and dust from coal. (Cisco)

A

Slack

142
Q
  • A careful or quick look through something. (Exploración) - A medical examination in which an image of the inside of the body is made using a special machine. (Exploración con un escáner)
A

Scan

143
Q

To make a process in a factory or office operate by machines or computers, in order to reduce the amount of work done by humans and the time taken to do the work. (Automatizar)

A

Automate

144
Q

An increase, especially one that is gradual. (Aumento progresivo)

A

Build-up

146
Q
  • Having a lot of complicated decoration. (Ornamentado, decorado) - (Mainly disapproving) Language that is _ contains too many complicated words or phrases. (Florido)
A

Ornate

147
Q

A set of shelves in a library that are positioned close together so that a lot of books can be stored on them. (Estanterías)

A

The stacks

148
Q

(AUS informal) A car accident, especially one that causes damage.

A

Stack

150
Q
  • A pole or rod that forms the handle of a tool or weapon. (Mango) - A rod forming part of a machine such an engine, that turns in order to pass power on to the machine. (Vara)
A

Shaft

152
Q

A disposable product, especially a disposable nappy. (Producto desechable)

A

Disposable

154
Q

The plastic or metal structure that holds together a pair of glasses. (Montura)

A

Frames

155
Q

A period of play in some games, such as snooker.

A

Frame

156
Q

A building or place that is easily recognized, especially one the you can use to judge where you are. (Punto de referencia, edificio/sitio emblemático)

A

Landmark

157
Q

A device or machine that looks awkward or old-fashioned, especially one that you do not know how to use. (Aparato, artilugio)

A

Contraption

158
Q

A long plastic or rubber pipe, used to direct water onto fires, gardens, etc. (Manguera)

A

UK: Hose/hosepipe US: Hose

159
Q

A very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water. (Hormigón)

A

Concrete

160
Q

(US) A period of time when measurements of the number of people watching different television stations are made so that the cost of advertising on each station can be set.

A

Sweeps

161
Q

An area of seats at an upper level in a theatre. (Galería)

A

Balcony

162
Q

(Informal) To make a person seem to be guilty of a crime when they are not, by producing facts or information that are not true. (Tender una trampa)

A

Frame

163
Q

A border that surrounds and supports a picture, door or window. (Marco)

A

Frame

164
Q

(Expression) If work or money is or goes _, it is spoiled or wasted. (Irse por el desagüe)

A

Down the drain (AUS) Down the gurgler

165
Q
  • Having a colour between red and pink. (Rosado, sonrosado) - If a situation is described as rosy, it gives hope of success or happiness. (Prometedor)
A

Rosy

166
Q

Produced cheaply and in large amounts by machines in a factory. (Fabricado en serie)

A

Mass-produced

167
Q
  • Something that you cannot see clearly. (Contorno borroso) - Something that you cannot remember or understand clearly. (Vago recuerdo)
A

Blur

168
Q

(De dos plantas)

A

Two-stor(e)y

Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS (20 decks)

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