Unit 15 Flashcards
날조
fabrication; concoction (-하다/되다)
사각의 링
a boxing ring; “the square ring”
현명하다
to be wise
감상
a sentiment; emotion
대고조
the Great Leap (an overarching slogan); “great high tide”
사전
beforehand
항법 장비
navigation system/equipment
인용
quotation (-하다/되다)
운항
flight; sailing; “operation of a ship” (-하다)
정차
stopping (of a car) (-하다)
주장
insistence; persistence; assertion (-하다)
찌르다
to stab
빈익빈부익부
the widening gulf between rich and poor; “the poor get poorer and the rich get richer”
감량
reduction (of amount or quantity); (-하다)
단위
a unit; a measure
설계
a design; a plan; a blueprint (-하다/되다)
전선
the front (line); a front
생략
omission (-하다/되다)
뒤늦게
belated; late
잔인하다
to be cruel
접하다
to learn about; to hear; to encounter; to come into contact; to border; to adjoin
실명
a real name
불청객
an uninvited guest; an unwelcome visitor; a gate-crasher; persona non grata
새터민
a new settler (from North Korea)
지점
a spot (on the ground); a place; “earth spot”
기막히다
to be absurd; to be unbelievable; to be ridiculous
탄압
suppression; repression (-하다)
대량파괴무기확산방지구상
PSI (WMD Proliferation Security Initiative)
민관
(both) civilian and governmental
혼란
confusion; disorder
울창하다
to be heavily wooded; to be lush
비바람
rain and wind
다지다
to strengthen; to tighten; to commit oneself
극복
conquest; overcome (-하다/되다)
매력
attraction; charm
향
a scent; a fragrance
습기
moisture; humidity
방북
visiting North Korea (-하다)
부대변인
an assistant spokesperson; “deputy spokesperson”
파종
sowing (-하다)
짜릿하다
to be thrilling; to be electrifying
주거
dwelling; a residence; living (-하다)
영유아
infants and toddlers
돌이킬수없다
to be irrevocable; to be irreversible
지명
nomination; “pointing a name” (-하다/되다)
헌신
devotion; dedication (-하다)
단절
severing (of contact or a relationship); a cutoff (-하다/되다)
중립
neutral(ity)
데우다
to heat up; to warm up
스티로폼
Styrofoam
비전향 장기수
a “non-converted” long-term prisoner (referring to a North Korean prisoner, in a South Korean prison, who has not changed his ideology)
고무
rubber
중대하다
to be important; “to be heavy and big”
안전대책
a safety measure
이래
since; after
낙후성
obsoleteness
방출
release (-하다/되다)
모순
contradiction
유감스럽다
to be regrettable; to be sorry
정중하다
to be courteous; to be polite
고대
(an) ancient (time)
군가
a military song
재단
a foundation
사례
a case; an incident; an example
난관
difficulty; impasse
재앙
a disaster
가동
operation (-하다/되다)
상대적
relative
자주포
self-propelled artillery
심리전
psychological warfare (basically a verbal attack over the loudspeaker near the DMZ)
특산지
the place where a special product is produced: “special product place”
장벽
a barrier; an obstacle
접어들다
to go into (a phase, such as a season or time); to enter into
개조
remodeling; “fixing and building” (-하다/되다)
종대
a column; a file
냉대
unkind or inhospitable treatment; “cold treatment” (-하다)
유무
whether or not (as a noun); “existence or nonexistence”
혈육
family and relatives; “flesh and blood”
개최
hosting/opening (a meeting, event, etc.) (-하다/되다)
사연
a story; a situation
선포
announcement; proclamation (-하다/되다)
미처
yet; before
마하
Mach (air speed)
신자유주의
neoliberalism
지뢰
a landmine; “earth lightning”
정치선전
political propaganda
영주권
the right of permanent residence; permanent residency; a green card
애초
at first; at the start
정리 정돈
tidying up; proper arrangement (-하다)
허다하다
to be innumerable; to be numerous
화석연료
a fossil fuel
수다
chatting; chats; casual talk
깔리다
to be buried/crushed under; to be spread
병영
barracks
다세대 주택
multiunit housing; “multiple-household housing”
전환
change; switch; conversion (-하다/되다)
사원
a temple
덮치다
to raid; to attack; to swoop; to strike
영예
glory; honor
강풍
a strong wind; a gust
지수
an index
썰매
a sled
살림집
a residential house; “living house”
인도적
humanitarian
학문
a study; studies; academics; scholarship; “learning and asking”
사정거리
firing range
조선족
(a person of) Korean descent in China
룸미러
a rearview mirror; “room mirror”
투정
complaint; whining (-하다/부리다)
탐닉
indulgence (-하다)
결식
skipping meals (because of poverty)
한족
Han Chinese
침몰
sinking (-시키다/하다; 되다)
간절하다
to be earnest; to be ardent; to thirst for; to yearn for
단층
one-story (building, house, etc.)
발벗고 나서다
to roll up one’s sleeves (to fully or seriously engage in an action, a cause, etc.); “to step forward with bare feet”
고지서
a (tax, utility, phone, etc.) bill; a notice
손수레
a hand cart
환하다
to be bright; to be well lit; to be clear; to be unobstructed; to be versed (in); to be familiar (with)
산업화
industrialization (-하다/되다)
침투
infiltration; penetration (-하다)
외박
spending the night away from home (-하다)
전력
electric power; electricity
시위
demonstration; protest (-하다)
잇달다
to succeed (back to back); to follow one after another
빈부격차
the gap between the rich and the poor
위성항법장치
GPS; a global navigation satellite system; an electronic navigator
선군혁명
The term 선군 was coined by 김정일 to refer to his own unique politics and military, which were different from his father’s. Thus, 선군정치 means (긴정일’s) Military Revolution. The more you know.
체격
build; physique
외피
a crust; a shell; epidermis; “outer skin”
조차
even
안전삼각대
a warning triangle; “(safety) tripod”
모래주머니
a sandbag
기뢰
a water mine; “vessel thunder”
할애
sparing (time, energy, etc.); parting with (a thing) (-하다)
거치다
to pass through; to go by way of
이례적
unusual; uncommon
논밭
a farm field; “rice paddy and vegetable field”
증오
hatred; loathing; abhorrence (-하다)
폭정
tyranny; despotism; “violent governing”
분렬
division; split; segmentation; schism
뚫다
to punch (a hole); to perforate; to penetrate; to pierce
무려
whopping (a word that emphasizes a number when preceding it)
도보
walking (on foot)
혹한
severe cold
노동계
the labor world
휘발유
gas(oline); “inflammable oil”
결격사유
a reason for disqualification
우발충돌
an inadvertent conflict
규정
a rule; a regulation
국선 변호사
a public defender; court-appointed lawyer
반잠수정
a North Korean mini-submarine; “half submarine”
정화
purification (-하다/되다)
수풀
a forest; the woods; a bush
떨어뜨리다
to drop (a thing or person on the ground)
단물
syrup; “sweet water”
안전모 착용
wearing a safety helmet
양측
both sides
불보듯뻔하다
to be (too) obvious; to be self-evident; “to be as plain as (you) see fire”
벙어리
a nonverbal person; a person who is not able to speak
중벌
a severe punishment
기적
a miracle
전력
military strength; fighting power
한여름
the middle of summer; midsummer
저감
reduction; lowering (-하다/시키다/되다)
개미
an ant
부문
an area; a sector
드물다
to be rare; to be unusual
발길이끊어지다
to no longer frequent; not to have visitors; “footsteps disconnected”
직면
facing; “direct facing” (-하다)
일산화탄소
carbon monoxide
강타
a heavy blow; “strong hit”
군사 론평원
Board of Military Commentary (DPRK equivalent of DoD Official Spokesperson)
성숙
maturity (-하다 to be mature)
숲
a forest; a grove
도발
provocation (-하다)
대응
reaction; counteraction (-하다)
분단
division (especially within a nation) (-하다/되다)
공개
disclosure; opening to the public (-하다/되)
전언
news; tidings
실용적
practical
특수임무
a special mission
의식
consciousness
자긍심
pride; self-esteem; self-respect
동참
joining (for noble causes) (-하다)
점호
a roll call
괴뢰
a puppet (referring to RoK government)
건
counter for incidents (accidents, crimes, occurrences)
경로
a route; a course; a channel
본디
originally; at first; in the first place
동시다발
occurring in many places at the same time; being rampant; “simultaneous time multiple occurrences”
성분
an ingredient; a component; a constituent
문화운동가
a cultural activist
령도
leadership
간주
regard (-하다/되다)
장
a chapter; (figuratively) an era
여론 환기
stirring up public opinion
갇히다
to be locked in; to be imprisoned
폭염
heat wave; scorching heat; “fierce heat”
실현
realization (-하다/되다)
대처
handling; coping with; dealing with (-하다)
돌아가다
to result in; to end in; to go to; “to turn around and go”
영양실조
malnutrition; unbalanced nutrition; dystrophy
화면
a (TV/monitor) screen
언뜻
suddenly; by chance
두렵다
to be fearful; to be afraid
지로
a type of bill payment system available at a bank
재질
the quality (of materials like wood, iron, plastic, etc); “material quality”
차단
blocking (off/out); cutting off (-하다/되다)
바탕으로
based on; founded on
인재
a man-made disaster; a disaster caused by humans
속출
continuous occurrence (-하다)
생수
freshwater; mineral water; “live water”
시도
try; attempt (-하다)
정비보수
maintenance and repairs
정예
the elite (troops, players, etc.); the best
반인륜적
antihumanistic; against humanity
무심히
indifferently; inattentively; thoughtlessly; “with no heart”
불효
impiety/disobedience to one’s parents (-하다)
분간
distinguishing (-하다/되다)
사막화
desertification
먹고 살 길을 열어주다
open the way for someone to make a living
뽐내다
to boast; to brag; to show off
민방위
civil defense
꼬이다
to be twisted; to be tangled
지속
continuance (-하다/되다)
씨앗
a seed
흩어지다
to scatter; to spread/to be scattered
잇따르다
to succeed (back to back); to follow one after another
난민
a victim of natural disaster or war; “people in difficulty”
어느새
before one realizes; in no time; so soon
생애
(one’s entire) life
요소
a factor; an element
배분
distribution
부근
vicinity; neighborhood
결함
a flaw
인프라
infrastructure; “infra”
뚜렷하다
to be apparent; to be clear; to be distinct
중태
critical condition; “serious condition”
사체
a dead body; a corpse
마음가짐
(mental) attitude
두렵다
to be afraid of
총재
a secretary general; a president
밤사이
overnight; during the night
주저하다
to hesitate
수해
flood damage; “water damage”
무대장치
a stage set
식량난
food crisis; food shortage
법조계
legal circles
넉넉하다
to be enough; to be sufficient
낙엽
a fallen leaf
우려
a concern; a worry; an apprehension (-하다/되다)
조교
an assistant (instructor)
판정
judgment (-하다/되다)
강타하다
to hit hard; to strike
맞이하다
to receive; to greet; to welcome
부조종사
a co-pilot; “deputy pilot”
경계
a boundary (-선 line)
연쇄
chain; serial
한창
the height; the summit; the climax; the peak; at the peak
인도적
humanitarian
일대
the whole area/place; throughout (the area)
행
heading to/for; bound
글로벌
global
풍속
velocity; wind speed
범람
flooding; inundation (-하다)
당시
a point in the past; at the time; then
수거
removal; taking away (-하다/되다)
상상
imagination (-하다)
주머니
a pocket; a (small) sack
고작
only; just; barely; no more than
신뢰
trust (-하다)
연합
alliance; coalition
항의
a complaint; a protest (-하다)
얇다
to be thin
공대공 미사일
an air-to-air missile
전파
total destruction (-되다)
의정서
a letter of intent; protocol
남의 일 같지 않다
to be (too) important (to be ignored); to feel it is one’s own business; “feel like it is not other people’s business”
제압
oppression; control (-하다/되다)
갈수록
as time goes on; with the lapse of time
위력
power; force
잔혹하다
to be cruel; to be brutal; to be atrocious
인체
human body; human organism
출연
appearance (on TV, radio, movie, etc.) (-하다)
논란
controversy; dispute
유독가스
toxic gas; “poison gas”
대기
standing by (-하다)
생태공원
an “eco park”
자수
self-surrender (-하다)
여정
an itinerary
시절
the season; the time of year; the time; the times
미만
under
동지
a comrade; “(person with) same aim”
햇볕정책
Sunshine Policy
전투기
a fighter plane
옥상
a rooftop; “house top”
실체
the true nature (of something or an entity); the truth; “real body”
유린
infringement (-하다/되다)
존귀
nobility; “noble and precious” (-하다 to be noble)
교전
exchange of fire; a battle; “exchange of war”
한결
by far; a lot
매춘
prostitution; “selling spring”
진지하다
to be serious; to be earnest
연계
association (-하다/되다)
예외
an exception
이루다
to accomplish; to achieve
고인물
stagnant water; “accumulated water”
바느질
sewing; needlework
성분
a component; an ingredient
정훈공보부
TI&E (Troop Information and Education)
천
cloth; fabric
어뢰
a torpedo; “fish thunder”
비인격적
impersonal
기어
a gear
망가지다
to break down; to be out of order
조선로동당
the Labor Party of DPRK
물길
a water route; “water way”
누리다
to enjoy
급선무
an urgent priority; urgent business
부쩍
remarkably; quickly
희생
sacrifice (-하다/되다)
지대
a zone; an area; a region; a belt
현명
wisdom; good sense (-하다 to be wise; to be sensible)
특보
a special report; (weather) advisory; “a special announcement/warning”
허덕이다
to struggle; to suffer
장려
encouragement (-하다)
애국심
patriotism; patriotic spirit; “country-loving heart”
머뭇거리다
to hesitate; to waive; to dawdle
조처
measure (to take); a step (taken in dealing with an issue) (-하다)
장기화
prolonging; extending over a long period of time (-하다/되다)
기금
a fund
도둑맞다
to have something stolen
따지다
to inquire or look into (in order to find an answer or distinguish right and wrong)
딱딱하다
to be formal; to be unfriendly; to be hard; to be stiff
살피다
to take a good look at; to inspect closely; to look around
서행
going slowly; crawling; driving/cruising slowly (-하다)
활성화
activation; galvanization (-하다/되다)
공익
public interest
고등교육
higher education
요식업
restaurant business; food-service industry
띄다
to be seen; to be visible (눈에-)
농담
a joke (for laughs) (-하다/되다)
인연
fate (in human relationships); destiny; karma
투병
a fight/struggle against a disease (-하다)
위대한 령도자
the Great Leader (referring to NK’s 김정일)
번번이
every time; all the time; always
상봉
a reunion (of long-separated people)
철도원
a railroad worker; a railroad employee
기상캐스터
a weather forecaster; a meteorologist; “weather caster”
불과
only; just
농작물
crops; farm produce
각별하다
to be special; to be particular
나서다
to step in (for an action); step forward; to take action
입주업체
a resident company (at an industrial site)
도하
crossing a river
인위적
artificial; man-made
신상
personal information (정보)
재회
reunion
동족
the same nation; the same race; the same tribe; the same blood
배수
draining (of water)
조선
Korea; Korean Peninsula
취임사
an inaugural address/ speech
갓길
the shoulder (of a road); “side road”
폭압
oppression; curbing by force; “violent pressing”
등교
going to school (-하다)
한정
limitation (-하다/되다)
어뢰
a torpedo; “fish thunder”
염원
a wish (-하다)
써 먹다
to use (a newly learned skill or trick)
장병
military personnel; officers and men
시기
a time; a period; a season
위원장
the commissioner; a chief of a committee
만성적
chronic; habitual; inveterate
정전협정
a cease-fire agreement
규정
a rule; a regulation
자명하다
to be self-explanatory; to be obvious
고도
altitude; elevation
횡령
embezzlement (-하다)
무사히
safely; safe and sound; “with no accident”
만화
a cartoon; a comic strip; manga
오존층
ozone layer
연계
linking; association (-하다/시키다/되다)
객실
a guest room (at a hotel, motel, etc)
경비정
a guard ship; a patrol ship
불합리
irrationality; absurdity (-하다)
힘겨워하다
to feel burdensome
가물가물
dim; faint; flickering; glimmering (a “mimicking” word that describes flickering)
서신
a letter
적중
hitting the target; “middle of the target” (-하다/되다)
타다
to be sensitive to; to be apt to feel; to be influenced by (weather, shyness, etc.)
종종
sometimes; occasionally; often; frequently
저수지
a reservoir
방어
defense (-하다)
정치범
a political prisoner
노후화
aging; becoming obsolete
법정
a (legal) court
암초
an underwater rock; a hidden reef
맨
exclusively; nothing but; just full of bare (hand, foot, face, etc.)
노동력
labor power
막막하다
to not know; to be at a loss
즈음하여
at the time of ~; on the occasion of ~;
거처
a residence; a place to live (-하다)
권리
a right
속출
frequent occurrences; “continuous coming out” (-하다)
결합
combining; uniting (-하다)
함정
a navy vessel
예비
preparation (-하다)
인파
a crowd; “a wave of people”
추진
propel; driving forward (-하다/되다)
기체
the body of a plane; a fuselage
특이하다
to be peculiar; to be singular; to be remarkable; “to be specially different”
캐릭터
a character; a personality; a characteristic; “character”
감지
perceiving; sensing (-하다/되다)
덮치다
to fall upon; to attack; to overtake
피의자
a suspect
외톨이
a loner; a solitary person; “single nut”
제반 분야
various areas; all relevant areas
돌부리
a jagged stone; stone with sharp part sticking out of the ground
실시간
real time
여드레
the eighth day (of the month); (a period of) eight days
강간
rape (-하다)
조목조목
item by item; article by article; in detail
전망대
an observatory; an observation tower
정황
circumstances
자발적
voluntary
전비태세
readiness for possible war
들판
a (flat) field
피랍
abduction; hijacking (-되다)
가속화
acceleration
멍
bruise; contusion (-들다)
의도
intention
성적 노리개
a sex slave; “sexual plaything”
다발
frequent occurrences
해당
relevancy; applicability (-하다/되다)
악습
a bad habit; a vice
기관장
a chief engineer (of a ship)
내분비계
endocrine system
특이하다
to be unusual; to be peculiar; “to be specially different”
넘쳐나다
to overflow; to abound
상쾌하다
to be fresh; to be refreshing
오토바이
motorcycle; “autobi(ke)”
파업
strike; “closing one’s work” (-하다)
이상
abnormal(ity); absurd(ity) (-하다)
세계기상기구
the World Meteorological Organization
튀다
to spring up; to bounce
상명하복
obedience to orders from the top; subordination; “the top orders and the bottom obeys”
곤충
an insect; a bug
절망
despair; hopelessness; “cute hope” (-하다)
구축
establishing (-하다/되다)
실태
the real condition; the actual condition; reality
가물다
to be drought stricken
시제품
a test product
떼이다
to have (something) deducted
소원대로
as one wishes; according to one’s wish
수습
control; solving (-하다/되다)
긴밀
closeness; intimacy; “tight and dense” (-하다)
왕래
coming and going (-하다)
진
a staff; a delegation; a team
흉악범죄
a gruesome crime; a violent crime
기울이다
to devote (oneself) to; to concentrate on; “to lean”
선입과
prejudice; “before established view”
노예
a slave
선교사
a missionary
퇴치
eradication (-하다)
수중
underwater; aquatic; waterborne; “middle of water”
흉악범
a brutal criminal
자연발화
natural combustion; “natural outbreak of fire”
은둔
reclusion (to live reclusively -하다)
핵실험
a nuclear test
지피지기면백전백승
“If you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled by a hundred battles.” -Poet Warlord Sun Tzu, Art of War
상생
living together; coexistence (-하다)
임하다
to face; to be confronted by
조성
creation; making; construction; establishment (-하다/되다)
사기
a fraud; a scam (-치다)
화를 부르다
to cause trouble/a disaster; “call for disaster”
예치금
deposit money
슬기롭다
to be wise; to be sensible
동일
same; “same one”
가르다
to divide; to separate
산림파괴
deforestation; “destruction of forest”
엷다
to be thin; to be light; to be flimsy
비관
pessimism; “sad view” (-하다)
실향민
people who have lost their hometown (in a war or disaster); “people who have lost hometown”
준법
law-abiding
인정
acknowledgment (-하다/되다)
대마초
hemp; marijuana; hashish; weed; grass; reefer; dope; sticky; bud
박다
to slam into; to drive into
지형적
topographical
급정거
sudden stop (of a vehicle); screeching halt (-하다)
개최
hosting (of an event) (-하다/되다)
아찔하다
to be dizzy; to be giddy; to be faint
우거지다
to be heavily wooded; to be lush
철길
a railroad; “steel road”
일석이조
killing two birds with one stone; “one stone, two birds”
노리다
to have an eye on; to be after; to aim at
남용
abuse (-하다/되다)
밀매
buy and sell in secret; illegal trade (-하다/되다)
부상
a supplementary prize; an extra prize
값지다
to be expensive; to be precious; to be valuable; to be priceless
과잉
excess
예단
a prediction; forejudging; prejudging (-하다)
도덕적
moral
적응
adaptation (-하다)
기 일쑤다
to be a habitual practice; to be common
재난구호
a rescue activity for disaster victims
제작
manufacturing (-하다/되다)
녹록치 않다
to be tough; to be formidable; “to be not trifling”
맹위를 떨치다
to rage; to be furious (extreme weather)
연병장
a military training ground
인제
(filler in colloquial language)
넘쳐나다
to overflow
작동
operation (of a machine) (-하다 to operate)
반세기
a half century; 50 years
표시
marking; an indication; an expression; a manifestation (-하다/되다)
심상치않다
to be unusual; to be extraordinary; to be uncommon; to be grave
지진해일
a tsunami; “earthquake sea wave”
비상사태
a state of emergency
초복
the first of three periods of dog days (hot days) in summer
인명피해
human casualties
반성
reflection; regret; reconsideration (-하다)
정자
sperm
절실
acuteness; poignancy (-하다)
순찰
patrolling (-하다 to patrol)
농경지
farmland; agricultural land
넘치다
to overflow
취지
a purpose; meaning
전술
military tactics
효율성
efficiency; effectiveness
대상
a grand prize; “big award”
전차
a tank; “battle car”
이르다
to reach; to get to; to amount to; to run up
판정
judgment; decision (-하다)
열악하다
to be inferior; to be coarse; to be poor; to be deteriorated
대만
Taiwan
간접흡연
secondhand smoke; to breathe secondhand smoke
풍수해
disasters caused by wind and water
열대우림
a tropical rain forest; “heat zone rain forest”
막연하다
to be vague
소낙비
a shower; a torrential rain
민감하다
to be sensitive
요건
a necessary condition; a required condition; a requisite
이겨내다
to get through something despite hardship; to tough out something
수식
modification; ornamentation; embellishment (-하다/되다)
접하다
to learn about; to hear; to encounter; to come into contact; to border; to adjoin
현역
(on) active duty; “currently serving” (usually serviceman/athlete)
두들기다
to pound; to knock; to beat
겨레
a people
적군
enemy troops; enemy forces
인접
contiguity; adjacency; proximity; “touch with a neighbor” (-하다 to be adjacent; to border on)
밟다
to step on
인류
humanity; humankind
단일민족
the one and homogeneous race (referring to the Korean nation as a whole)
영공
territorial air/sky; sovereign space
교정교화
correction and reformation
금은방
a jewelry store; “gold and silver room”
수용소
a concentration camp; a detention camp
단위
a unit
상위
high rank
뒷전
to be pushed aside; a back seat
개혁
reform (-하다/되다)
중대하다
to be greatly important
굶주림
starvation
받아들이다
to accept; to embrace
생계를 유지하다
to manage living; to get by
무면허
without license; “no license”
정략적
political; politically motivated
막사
barracks
돌이킬 수 없다
to be irrevocable
호소
appeal; complaint (-하다)
풍랑
wind and waves; rough seas
추궁
close interrogation; pressing hard (-하다)
지형
topography; geographical features
무심코
inadvertently; unknowingly; mindlessly; “(with) no heart”
지구
the Earth; the globe; “earth ball”
주민감시제
the neighbor monitoring system (in North Korea)
지수
an index; “pointing number”
기공식
a ground-breaking ceremony
시간을다투다
to be in haste; to be urgent; “to fight against the clock”
민간교류
exchanges via civilians (North and South Korean)
준법
law-abiding
분배
distribution (-하다/되다)
수행
implementation; practice (-하다)
용기
a container
밀접
closeness; intimacy; “dense contact” (-하다)
역경
adversity; adverse circumstances
빈발
frequent occurrence (to occur frequently)
무시무시하다
to be scary; to be spooky
억압
suppression; oppression (-하다)
가족애
love for family members; “family love”
불명예
dishonor; disgrace
우려
worry; concern (-하다)
정상회담
a summit meeting
잠수함
a submarine
폭염
heat wave; sweltering heat; “explosive heat”
여론
public opinion; public sentiment
고비
the critical moment; the climax; the peak; the crisis
획일성
uniformity; conformity
대리주차
valet parking; “proxy parking”
총격
an attack by gunfire
토양
soil; the upper layer of the earth in which plants grow
탑재
loading; carrying (-하다/되다)
끼이다
to become jammed; to become stuck
특례법
an exemption law; a law covering special cases
처지
a position; a circumstance
파란만장하다
to be full of ups and downs
탈당
defection from a political party (-하다)
큰물
a flood; floodwater; “big water”
호사
luxury; extravagance (-스럽다)
살아생전
in one’s life; when one was alive
병력
military strength; troops; “soldier power”
단순하다
to be simple; to be simpleminded; “simple and pure”
용수
water used for (agriculture, factories, etc)
잠수정
a small-size submarine
공단
an industrial complex
이산가족
separated families (North and South Korea)
대지
the earth; Mother Earth; “big earth”
잇따라
one after another; consecutively
분개
indignation (-하다)
우선
first; above all
채광
natural light (in a building or house)
직항로
a direct (nonstop) route between airports/seaports
무질서
absence of order; disorder; chaos (-하다)
재범
repeated conviction; a repeat criminal
피격
being attacked; being shot; suffering attack
강제
compulsion; coercion
공개
making public (-하다/되다)
되뇌다
to repeat verbally; to echo
전담
exclusive responsibility; being in full charge (-하다)
해임
dismissal (from an official position) (-하다/되다)
화해
reconciliation; peaceful settlement (-하다)
협동농장
a collective farm; “cooperation farm”
별칭
a nickname; another name
면회
a visit (to see a person in a restricted place, such as a military base, hospital, or correctional facility); “face meeting” (-하다)
몸부림
a violent struggle; squirming (-치다)
평화
peaceful (-롭다)
설경
a snowy scene
기관총
machine gun
어느덧
before one realizes; without one’s knowledge
구축함
a destroyer
독침
a poisonous sting; a poisoned needle; a poisoned dart
기름띠
oil spill (on the surface of the water); “oil belt” or “oil streak”
공감
sympathy (-하다)
자주적
independent; self-reliant; autonomous
총격
shooting; firing
리행
practice; implementation
수여
presentation; conferment (-하다/되다)
조국
one’s fatherland; a home country; “ancestor country”
악명높다
to be notorious; to be infamous
가속
acceleration (-하다/되다)
지원
support (-하다/받다)
허술하다
to be shabby; to be poor looking; to be careless; to be negligent
귀금속
precious metals; jewelry
야기
to cause/be caused (-하다/되다)
침몰
sinking (-하다/되다)
충격
impact; shock
파견
dispatch
꺼리다
to keep (a person or thing) at a distance; to shy off; to shun; to avoid
화강암
granite
위성화상
a satellite picture
롭다
stative verb making suffix that works with a limited number of nouns ending in vowels
순순히
meekly; tamely; obediently
개폐회식
the opening and closing of a ceremony
산림
forest; woods; “mountain forest”
답례
a return courtesy; a return call (-하다)
호르몬
a hormone
인체
the human body
결실을맺다
to bear fruit
강제적
forceful
북녘
the north; the northern area (normally referring to North Korea)
요인
a (main) cause; a factor
애타게그리다
to miss dearly
위력
power; force
합선
short circuit; “joined wires” (-하다/돠다)
송환
repatriation (-하다/되다)
연유 탕크
a fuel tank
틀다
to turn; to twist
기관실
an engine room; a machinery room
북방한계선
NLL (Northern Limit Line)
천사
an angel; “heavenly envoy”
철로변
the side(s) of a railroad; a railroad shoulder
빗길
a wet road; “rain road”
지탱
supporting; propping up; maintaining (-하다)
물도랑
a ditch
황폐화
devastation; ruining (-하다/되다)
누누이
over and over (again); time and again
정성
sincerity; sympathy; devotion
실천에 옮기다
to put into practice
전투 장갑차
an infantry fighting vehicle (IFV); “armored vehicle for battle)
연명
maintenance of a scanty existence; barely managing to live; “dragging one’s life” (-하다)
확산
spreading; proliferation (-하다/시키다/되다)
표출
an expression; a manifestation; a display; “surfacing” (-하다/되다)
의의
a significance; a cause; a meaning
협회
a society; an association; a league
골칫거리
a nuisance; a bother; a pest; a headache; “material for brain [use]”
마음에 새기다
to take something to heart; to commit to; “engrave in one’s heart”
속출
repeated occurrence (-하다)
전락
downfall; degradation; degeneration (-하다)
빈집털이범
a thief; “empty house ransacking criminal”
자원
(natural) resources
편견
a prejudice; a bias
미뤄
judging by; judging from
연출
directing (a movie, a musical, a show, etc.); (-하다)
감정
feeling; emotion; sentiment
압박
pressure (-하다/되다)
천재지변
a natural disaster
진눈깨비
sleet; wet snow
한산하다
to be inactive; to be quiet; few people around
빙판길
an icy road; “ice plate road”
수법
(derogatory term) a trick; a method
타당성
validity
앗아가다
to rid of; to deprive
경고
warning (-하다 to warn)
기관포
a machine gun
테러
terror; terrorism
파동
waves; fluctuation; a crisis; a shock; “wave movement”
돌발
unexpected; spasmodic
장바구니
a shopping basket
예비부속품
spare part
세분화
breaking down; subdividing; segmentation (-하다/되다)
배수로
a draining chute; a draining cut; “draining road”
비탈길
a slope; an incline; a hill; “slope road”
대응책
a countermeasure; a solution
온도계
a thermometer; “temperature calculating”
냉동차
a refigeration car; a refrigerated boxcar
의혹
suspicion
철도 역무원
a railroad employee; a railroader
지향
aspiration; direction (-시키다)
이변
an unusual event; an unexpected change; a twist; an accident; “different change”
동반
accompanying (-하다/되다)
옷차림
attire; an outfit; “dress setting”
간주하다
to regard
다가오다
to approach
조종사 사출
emergency ejection of a pilot
관행
an existing custom; a customary practice; a convention
심장마비
a heart attack; heart failure
저수지
a reservoir
체결
signing (an agreement, a contract, etc.) (-하다/되다)
유포
spreading; circulation; dissemination (-하다/시키다 to spread)
성언
proclamation (-하다)
조속히
promptly; as soon as possible
퍼지다
to spread
보람을느끼다
to be rewarding; to feel rewarded; “to feel worthwhile”
몰수
confiscation (-하다/되다)
불시에
all of a sudden; suddenly; “at no time”
초래
causation (-하다/시키다/되다)
논란
controversy
명세서
a detailed statement
치
(an old unit of length in Korea) about 3.03cm
괴한
an unidentified assailant; a suspicious person
앙상하다
to be bony; to be skinny
곤충
an insect; insects in general
채택
adoption (-하다/되다)
전면
entire(ly); all-out; “whole surface”
배기가스
exhaust emission; “emitted gas”
불상사
a disaster; an unfortunate event; a misfortune
일반인
ordinary people; the general public
일꾼
a worker
철길
a railroad; a railway; “iron/steel road”
처하다
to be in (a certain situation)
공감
sympathy; “same feeling” (-하다/되다)
만원
being filled to capacity; being overcrowded
차곡차곡
neatly; orderly (a “mimicking” word that describes stacking things neatly)
현금인출기
ATM; “cash withdrawing machine”
시선
one’s gaze; a glance; attention
합의사항
an agreed-upon item/idea
웅성웅성하다
to be noisy; to be astir; to be in a (state of) commotion
총살형
execution by firing squad; “killing punishment through a gun”
벌레
an insect; a bug; a worm
함선
a corvette; a warship
형편없다
to be terrible; to be awful
수위
the level of water; “water position”
기합
a (disciplinary) punishment
대중매체
mass media
보관
storage (-하다/되다)
수확
a harvest (-하다)
미루다
to postpone; to delay
교전규칙
rules of engagement
허기
hunger; starvation (-지다)
다소
more or less; “many and few”
남짓
a little bit over; upward of
고백
confession (-하다)
명시
clear statement (-하다/되다)
퇴근길
the way home from work
오히려
on the contrary
하여튼
anyway; at any rate
교신
communication; contact (-하다)
미사일
a missile
논의
discussion; debate
휘청하다
to lurch; to stagger
상납
bribing; offering a bribe; “paying up” (-하다)
전사
a warrior; a combatant
자재관리
management of materials
양수장
water-pumping site
자백
confession (of a crime) (-하다)
경계태세
an alert status
손색이없다
not to be inferior; to be comparable to
억류
detainment (-하다/되다)
탄약고
an arsenal; “ammunition storehouse”
간절하다
to be ardent; to be earnest
접하다
to be in touch with; to be in contact with; to adjoin; to border
쫓겨나다
to be kicked out
등장
appearance (-하다)
목도리
a scarf; a muffler
기울다
to wane; to decline
외면
to ignore; to turn one’s back on (-하다)
납부
payment (of taxes, tuition, bills, etc.)
반비례
an inverse proportion/ratio (-하다)
지칭
a designation; a reference (-하다/되다)
인신매매
human trafficking
절도
theft; robbery
일방
(of) one side; one way
단합
unity (-하다/되다)
해저
underwater; sea bottom; seabed
육로통행
inland traffic; inland transportation
시범 단지
a piloting site (of a new development, complex, etc); a model complex
싹이트다
to bud; “a bud breaks”
주범
a main culprit
소화
extinguishing (fire)
창건
foundation; establishment (-하다/되다)
징계
a disciplinary punishment (-하다)
돌이키다
to reverse; to look back; to recover
정상화
normalization (-하다/되다)
날품팔이
day labor; a day laborer
참상
horrors; a terrible scene; atrocity
출소자
a released prisoner; “person who exits (correctional) facility”
초소
a guard post; a checkpoint
순직
death in the line of duty (-하다)
벌목공
a logger; a lumberjack
신원
identity
뺑소니
a hit-and-run (-치다)
무더기비
a (concentrated) heavy rain; “piled rain”
암석
a rock
성매매
prostitution; “sex trade”
공존
coexistence (-하다)
일지
a journal; a diary
범행
a crime; a criminal act
기존
existing; established
설상가상
to make matters worse; what is worse; “adding frost to snow” (-으로)
풍향
wind direction
다스리다
to govern; to control; to punish
시도
a trial; an attempt (-하다/되다)
내진
earthquake-proof; “enduring earthquake”
침수
flooding; inundation (-되다)
떼다
to deduct
북송
sending to North Korea (-하다/되다)
만화책
a comic book; a manga book
사살
killing by gunshot
허용
permission (-하다/되다)
맛서다
to oppose; to stand against
등장
appearance (-하다)
불황
recession; economic slump
악천후
bad weather
튕겨 나가다
to be hurled out; to be catapulted out; to bounce out
군의관
a military doctor
숱하다
to be many; to be plenty in number
친선
goodwill
치고
considering; seeing; as; for
미루어짐작하다
to guess; to infer; to surmise; “to guess by inferring”
지도부
a guidance division; a fostering division; leadership division
후퇴
retreat (to retreat; to go back) (-하다)
출력
output; print
전향적
progressive; forward-looking
신임
trust (-하다)
빈국
a poor country
가급적
as … as possible
극복
overcoming; conquest (-하다/되다)
인건비
labor costs; personnel expenses
위장
camouflage (-하다)
경량
lightweight
보강
reinforcement; strengthening (-하다/되다)
희생자
a victim
쓸쓸하다
to be lonely
수반
the chief/head (of a government, an organization, etc.)
움켜쥐다
to grab; to grasp
밧줄
a rope
불공정
unfairness
철다리
a railway bridge; “steel bridge”
호위
guard; escort (-하다)
방위산업
the defense industry
다그치다
to press; to urge; to impel; to spur on
충격
a shock; an impact
낙오
falling behind (-되다)
경고방송
a warning broadcast
곰
a bear
밀다
to push
숭고하다
to be noble; to be sublime
돐
the -th anniversary
기뢰
a floating mine; a naval mine; “ship mine”
시기
a time; a period
삼가다
to abstain from; to refrain from
식수
drinking water; potable water
폐기처분
waste disposal (-하다/되다)
아군
friendly forces
