Unit 11: Testing And Individual Differences Flashcards
Validity
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Defined originally as the ratio of mental to chronological age multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a give age is assigned a score of 100, with scores assigned to relative performance above or below average
Intelligence
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Crystallized intelligence
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Fluid intelligence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
General intelligence (g factor)
A general intelligence factor that accosting to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
Standardization
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Divergent thinking
Expands the number of possible problem solutions
Emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Factor analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score
Mental age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8
Norm
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior; “proper” behavior
Reliability
The extent to which a test yields consisted results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
