Unit 1: Psychology's History And Approaches

Question 0

Edward Titchener

Answer 0

Introduced structuralism; his method: introspection. Focused on the what

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

One of the founding fathers of psychology; also created the first psychology lab

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Question 3

Introspection

Answer 3

The examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

Introduced functionalism. Focused on the why

Question 6

Behaviorism

Answer 6

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)

Question 7

John Watson

Answer 7

Dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”

Question 8

B. F. Skinner

Answer 8

Behaviorist. Experimented on mice

Question 9

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 9

a historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

Question 10

Carl Rogers

Answer 10

Humanist; drew attention to ways that current environmental influences can nurture or limit out growth potential and to the importance of having our needs for live and acceptance satisfied

Question 11

Abraham Maslow

Answer 11

Humanist; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendence

Question 12

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 12

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Question 13

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 13

an integrate approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Question 14

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 14

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

Question 15

Biological Perspective

Answer 15

the scientific study of links between biological and psychological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes

Question 16

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 16

the scientific study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 17

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 17

the study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection

Question 18

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 18

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

Question 19

Social-Cultural Perspective

Answer 19

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 20

Pyschiatry

Answer 20

a branch of medicine dealing psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 21

Psychology

Answer 21

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 22

Population

Answer 22

All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn

Question 23

Gestalt

Answer 23

An organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes