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Chem11 Sec. 21 :( > Unit 1.1 Chemistry Disciplines > Flashcards

Unit 1.1 Chemistry Disciplines Flashcards

1
Q

What is Biology?

A

The study of living organisms

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2
Q

What is Physics?

A

The study of interactions between energy and matter

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3
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

The study of properties and changes of matter

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4
Q

What are the five subdivisions that classify the fields of study within Chemistry?

A

Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Physical Chemistry

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5
Q

What is Analytical Chemistry?

A

– A branch of chemistry dealing with the development and use of techniques for chemical measurements.
– Such techniques are used for analyzing the chemical composition of substances.
– Chemical analysis can be qualitative or quantitative.

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6
Q

What is Biochemistry?

A

– A branch of chemistry studying chemical processes and reactions within living organisms.
– Can be considered both chemistry and biology.
– Born from Friedrich Wöhler

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7
Q

How did German chemist Freidrich Wöhler borne biochemistry?

A

In 1828 he accidentally synthesized urea from inorganic precursors, which was previously thought to be impossible. Scientists didn’t think synthesizing organic compounds from inorganic compounds was possible.

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8
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

The building blocks of our genetic instructions (DNA and RNA) found in all forms of life.

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9
Q

What is a genome?

A

The distinct pattern of nucleic acids found in the nuclei of a species cells

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10
Q

What are lipids?

A

– A term for many non-water-soluble biomolecules.
– Our body fat is made of lipids.

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11
Q

What is Organic Chemistry?

A

A branch of chemistry studying organic carbon compounds, involving the structures, composition, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.

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12
Q

What makes a compound organic?

A

The bond between carbon and hydrogen

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13
Q

There are more than ____ known organic compounds.

A

Six million

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14
Q

What bonds can Carbon atoms make?

A

– Can form strong bonds with many different elements
– Can bond covalently to other carbon atoms while simultaneously strongly bonding with other nonmetal atoms
– When carbon atoms bond together, can form chains of thousands of atoms, and rings, spheres, tubes

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15
Q

What are impacts of Biochemistry on daily life?

A

Medicine, agriculture, molecular biology, etc.

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16
Q

What are impacts of Organic Chemistry on daily life?

A

Plastics, clothing, medications, etc.

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17
Q

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

A

A branch of chemistry studying properties and behaviour of inorganic compounds.

18
Q

Differentiate between Inorganic Compounds and Organic Compounds.

A

Inorganic Compounds: Generally non-biological compounds lacking hydrogen + carbon bonds. CAN contain carbon
Organic Compounds: Consist of carbon + hydrogen and usually derived from living things

19
Q

What are some sub-branches of Inorganic Chemistry?

A

Geochemistry, physical chemistry (physicochemistry), bioinorganic chemistry, etc.

20
Q

What is Geochemistry?

A

Studying chemicals of planets and chemical compositions of rocks and soil.

21
Q

What is physical chemistry?

A

– AKA physicochemistry
– Relevant to virtually all other scientific fields and serves as foundation
– Relating to the concept of physics in chemical systems, using the principles of thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, and kinetics as its basis.

22
Q

What is Bioinorganic Chemistry?

A

– Studying compounds with metal-carbon bonds within biological systems.
– Focuses on the pretense of metal ions in biochemical processes. (?)
– Includes aspects of organic chemistry

23
Q

What are impacts of Inorganic Chemistry on daily life?

A

Education, environmental science, government agencies, formulas for household cleaners, etc.

24
Q

What four subject areas encompass physical chemistry?

A

Thermodynamics, quantum chemistry. chemical kinetics, statistical thermodynamics.

25
Q

What is Thermodynamics?

A

– Study of the conversion of energy into heat and work
– Studies ways in which the conversion process can be affected by changing variables (pressure, temperature, etc.) within a system.

26
Q

What is Quantum chemistry?

A

– Theoretical science describing how molecules bond to one another by applying principles of quantum field theory and quantum mechanics.
– These principles describe how atoms and subatomic behave in various systems and govern molecules’ behaviour.

27
Q

What is Chemical kinetics?

A

– Studies rates of chemical processes and how changing variables affect them

28
Q

What is Statistical thermodynamics?

A

– Studies energy distribution in chemical systems and links the microscopic and macroscopic worlds.
– Main objective is to interpret the macroscopic properties of various types of matter in relation to interactions b/w their constituent microscopic molecules and particles

29
Q

What are the interdisciplinary subdivisions of Chemistry?

A

– Descriptive Chemistry
– Environmental Chemistry
– Food Chemistry
– Nuclear Chemistry
– Drug Chemistry
– Petroleum CHemistry
– Radiochemistry
– Astrochemistry

30
Q

What is Descriptive Chemistry?

A

Study of the qualities of matter

31
Q

What is Environmental Chemistry?

A

Study of the effects of chemicals on the ecosphere

32
Q

What is Food Chemistry?

A

Study of the chemical composition and effects of foodstuffs

33
Q

What is Nuclear Chemistry?

A

Study of the chemistry of atomic nuclei

34
Q

What is Drug Chemistry?

A

Study of the chemical composition and changes of drugs

35
Q

What is Petroleum Chemistry?

A

Study of the chemicals and changes in petroleum and petroleum products

36
Q

What is Radiochemistry?

A

Study of the effects of nuclear radiation on chemical composition + changes

37
Q

What is Astrochemistry?

A

Study of the origin and interactions of the universe’s chemicals, especially interstellar matter

38
Q

What is Pseudoscience?

A

Beliefs/practices stated as factual but aren’t compatible with the scientific method

39
Q

What is Astrology?

A

– Pseudoscience with belief systems claiming a relationship between astronomical phenomena and events in the human world
– No scientific evidence to support it

40
Q

What is Alchemy?

A

– Pseudoscience historically practiced ancient proto-scientific tradition in China, India, the Muslim world + Europe.
– Significantly helped early scientific development but is no longer considered a field of science

Chem11 Sec. 21 :( (35 decks)

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