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AM BIOLOGY > UNIT#10 PROKARYOTES > Flashcards

UNIT#10 PROKARYOTES Flashcards

1
Q

The primary stain used in gram staining is;

A

Crystal violet

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2
Q

Archaeobacteria lack in their structure/composition:

A

Peptidoglycan

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3
Q

The glycocalyx is made up of;

A

Polysaccharides

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4
Q

In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane is made up of:

A

Lipoproteins

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5
Q

All are the characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria except:

A

➡The high content of peptidoglycan❌
➡High permeability ❌
➡Techeoic acid is present❌
➡Stain pink with primary dye✅

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6
Q

The cell envelope of a bacterium does not include:

A

Plasma Membrane

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7
Q

Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due to the presence of;

A

Slime

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8
Q

Peptidoglycan or muerin is a special or distinctive feature of the cell wall in;

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

The cell wall structure of a cell is unknown origin was studied and was found to contain a polysaccharide chain linked with short chains of amino acid. What do you think it can be?

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

Find the characteristic true or Gram-positive bacteria.

A

Less lipids than Gram-ve

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11
Q

If lipopolysaccharide did not appear in the wall of bacteria on staining, then it will be known as;

A

Gram-positive

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12
Q

Respiratory enzymes n bacteria are present in/at:

A

Mesosomes

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13
Q

Dormant thick walled desiccation resistant body:

A

Cyst

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14
Q

Member of Kingdom Monera devoid of the cell wall is:

A

Mycoplasma

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15
Q

The bacterial plasma membrane is not involved in;

A

Maintenance of cell shape

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16
Q

Bacterial membranes differ from the eukaryotic membranes as they lack:

A

Cholesterol

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17
Q

What is not true about bacterial spores?

A

➡Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells✅
➡Are heat resistant ❌
➡Are desiccation resistant❌
➡May be exospores or endospores❌

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18
Q

Many bacteria are motile due to the presence of;

A

Flagella

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19
Q

Nucleoid is a structure not found in;

A

Goblet cells

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20
Q

____ is an invagination of cell membrane which helps in cell division.

A

Mesosomes

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21
Q

Students were asked to give a guess about a unicellular organism with a darkly stained nucleus. Which of the following can be straight away excluded from the list?

A

Lactobacillus

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22
Q

DNA of bacteria is present in;

A

Nucleoid

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23
Q

If one of the following components is missing, bacteria cannot increase the number of its plasmid copies?

A

Origin of replication

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24
Q

When tuft of the flagella is present at both the ends in the structure of bacterial cell then the condition is called;

A

Amphitrichous

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25
Q

Which of the following is divided by fission?

A

Bacteria

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26
Q

A bacterium which has a group of two or more flagella inserted at one pole of the cell?

A

Lophotrichous

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27
Q

The following are sexual reproduction methods for bacteria,:

A

Binary fission

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28
Q

Which of the following is true about the structure of a typical bacterium?

A

➡It has a cell wall
➡It has genetic material
➡It has cytoplasm

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29
Q

It is not true about archaea:

A

➡Inhibited by antibiotics✅
➡Introns are present in some genes❌
➡Peptidoglycan is absent in the cell wall❌
➡Branched carbon changes in membrane lipids❌

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30
Q

A similarity that can be present between flagella of bacteria and an animal cell:

A

Motility as function

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31
Q

Chances of ____ having flagella are rare;

A

Diplococcus

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32
Q

What is a false statement about pili?

A

➡It is made up of pilin protein❌
➡True pili present in gram-positive and negative bacteria✅
➡Crucial for conjugation❌
➡Means of attachment❌

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33
Q

Bacteria without flagella are called:

A

Atrichous

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34
Q

A bacteria with a single polar flagellum is;

A

Monotrichous

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35
Q

The bacterium with a tuft of flagella at one pole is called:

A

Lophotrichous

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36
Q

When a tuft of flagella is present at each pole of two in bacteria is called:

A

Amphitrichous

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37
Q

Many bacteria contain flagella for locomotion. When flagella surround the whole bacterial cell, this condition is called;

A

Peritrichous

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38
Q

Pili are made of a special protein called;

A

Pillin

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39
Q

Which of the following structures is present on Gram-negative bacteria only and is involved in conjugation?

A

Pili

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40
Q

The cell walls of archeobacteria do not contain:

A

Peptidoglycan

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41
Q

Which of the following is not found in all bacteria?

A

Capsule

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42
Q

Bacterial pathogenicity is due to;

A

Slime

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43
Q

Which of the following bacteria are stained purple

A

Gram-positive

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44
Q

Which is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?

A

Peptidoglycan

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45
Q

Peptidoglycan is absent in:

A

Archeobacteria

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46
Q

Mesosomes are internal extensions of the;

A

Cell membrane

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47
Q

Name the structure involved in DNA replication;

A

Mesosomes

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48
Q

Mesosomes are infoldings of the cell membrane and are involved in;

A

DNA replication

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49
Q

Extrachromosomal rings of DNA in bacteria are;

A

Plasmid

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50
Q

Bacteria membranes differ from eukaryotic in lacking:

A

Cholesterol

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51
Q

The thick-walled, desiccation-resistant forms in bacteria are;

A

Cyst

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52
Q

Cyanobacteria have which of the following type of cell walls?

A

Gram Negative

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53
Q

In a bacterial cell, the plasma membrane with all things present within it is called:

A

Protoplast

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54
Q

Prokaron means before nucleus is the word of ____ language.

A

Greek

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55
Q

Microbiologists place bacteria in the following major categories:

A

➡Eubacteria
➡Archaeobacteria

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56
Q

Prokaryotic life is characterized by:

A

Absence of nuclear envelope

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57
Q

All of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells except:

A

They are usually found in Protists and Fungi

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58
Q

Which of the given structures of cyanobacteria has a functional resemblance with the chloroplast?

A

Chromatophore

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59
Q

What is the strengthening material of the prokaryotic cell wall?

A

➡Peptidoglycan
➡Murein

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60
Q

What is not a part of protoplasm?

A

Capsule of bacteria

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61
Q

Do the gram-positive bacteria appear in which colour under gram staining?

A

Purple

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62
Q

In prokaryotes, ____ are involved in respiration.

A

➡Mesosomes
➡Cell Membrane

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63
Q

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an anti-biotic resistant “superbug” that can cause deadly infections in humans. What would these Gram-positive bacteria look like under a microscope

A

Purple spheres

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64
Q

The filamentous appendages called pili are present only on:

A

Gram-Negative Bacteria

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65
Q

The mode of reproduction for cyanobacteria is one of the following?

A

Binary Fission

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66
Q

Which of the following is found in bacterial cells, but not in mature red blood?

A

DNA

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67
Q

A bacterium with a tuft of flagella at both poles is called?

A

Amphitrichous

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68
Q

The most common waste material produced by bacteria is:

A

Lactic acid

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69
Q

Which of the following contains genes for drug and disease resistance in bacteria?

A

Plasmid

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70
Q

Archaeobacteria can survive at which of the following temperature?

A

120°C

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71
Q

Pilli is hollow appendages in bacteria that are used for:

A

Conjugation

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72
Q

Which of the following is not considered as basic shape of a bacterium

A

Filamentous

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73
Q

The cell wall is only absent in which of the following group of bacteria?

A

Mycoplasma

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74
Q

In what category of bacteria does Neisseria most likely fail?

A

Cocci

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75
Q

Which of the following structure is not present in all bacteria:

A

Capsule

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76
Q

Which of the following is not a method of genetic recombination in a bacterium?

A

Binary fission

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77
Q

Which of the following bacteria do not commonly have flagella?

A

Cocci

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78
Q

What allows bacteria to stain positively with gram stain?

A

The Bacteria’s thick peptidoglycan cell walls

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79
Q

The process of recombination in prokaryotes takes place in one o the following ways?

A

➡Transformation
➡Conjugation
➡Transduction

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80
Q

The flagella originate from which part of the cell?

A

Basal body

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81
Q

those bacteria which are fully dependent upon their host for nutrition are called?

A

Parasitic Bacteria

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82
Q

Flagella are basically compound of

A

Protein

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83
Q

Which of the following would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Mitochondria

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84
Q

Which of the following characteristics make plasmid DNA useful for researchers?

A

➡Readily incorporate cloned DNA
➡Capable of autonomous replication
➡Capable of being isolated from genomic DNA

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85
Q

Characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

A

➡Absence of membrane-bounded organelles
➡Absence of nucleus
➡Presenec of ribosomes

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86
Q

Which of the following would not be observed in a bacterial cell?

A

Golgi apparatus

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87
Q

The function of the cell wall in prokaryotes is;

A

➡To give cell rigidity
➡To give a specific shape
➡To protect from osmotic lysis

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88
Q

True bacteria are termed as;

A

Eubacteria

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89
Q

The presence of peptidoglycan in Gram-positive bacteria is;

A

50% dry weight

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90
Q

Which of the following is true for both bacterial conjugation and meiosis?

A

Both processes involve genetic recombination

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91
Q

A type of bacterial cell that completely surrounded by flagella is called;

A

Peritrichous

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92
Q

Which of the following is a heat-resistant organelle?

A

Spores

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93
Q

Which of the following is false about conjugation?

A

➡It forms a bridge between two bacteria cells❌
➡It involves the transport of genetic material via vectors✅
➡It is a form of sexual reproduction❌

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94
Q

For respiratory metabolism, the bacterial cell membrane contains:

A

Enzymes

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95
Q

What is the name of the region where double-stranded single circular DNA is found in the prokaryotic cell?

A

Nucleoid

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96
Q

What is true for pili and flagella-like structures of bacteria:

A

Both are composed of proteins

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97
Q

Which of the following structure provides greater pathogenicity to the bacteria?

A

Slime

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98
Q

The presence of which of these cell structures would confirm that the cell is prokaryotic?

A

Peptidoglycan cell wall

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99
Q

In prokaryotes cells, ribosomes are of;

A

The 70S

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100
Q

The cell wall of a bacterial cell is more permeable in:

A

Gram-positive bacteria

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101
Q

Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells?

A

Binary fission

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102
Q

The cell wall of archaea bacteria does not contain one of the following?

A

Peptidoglycan

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103
Q

Which of the following is most responsible for bacterial cell motility?

A

Flagella

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104
Q

Chromatin body in prokaryotes can also be termed as;

A

➡Nuclear body
➡Nuclear Region
➡Nucleoid

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105
Q

Cyanobacteria help in nitrogen fixation since they have:

A

Heterocyst

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106
Q

Heterocyst

A

Pilli

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107
Q

Periplasmic space is absent in:

A

Gram Negative bacteria

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108
Q

Which part of bacteria is most delicate and damage can kill bacterial cell immediately?

A

Cell Membrane

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109
Q

It occupies a position near the centre of the cell;

A

Nucleoid

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110
Q

Which is present in every bacterium;

A

Cell Membrane

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111
Q

Cyanobacteria are related to eukaryotes in having:

A

➡Photosystem I
➡Photosystem II

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112
Q

Spores are resistant to:

A

➡Antiboides
➡Environmental Stress
➡Disinfectants

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113
Q

Cyanobacteria move by:

A

➡Gas vesicles
➡Gliding motility

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114
Q

Purple non-sulphur is an example;

A

Photosynthetic bacteria

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115
Q

Which of the following type of bacterial replication is most similar to mitosis:

A

Binary Fission

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116
Q

An example of bacterial requiring a low concentration of oxygen is;

A

Campylobacter

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117
Q

Bacteria that live n the humus are ____.

A

Aerobic

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118
Q

Aerobic

A

Autotroph

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119
Q

All bacterial species have this organelle in common;

A

Ribosome

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120
Q

Aerobic bacteria release:

A

CO2

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121
Q

Bacteria without flagella are called:

A

Atrichous

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122
Q

E.coli is a:

A

➡Facultative
➡Anaeroibc
➡Gram negative

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123
Q

Which true prokaryote is a photosynthetic bacterium?

A

Cyanobacteria

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124
Q

The structure of prokaryote which is involved in the attachment:

A

Pili

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125
Q

Cyanobacteria undergo photosynthesis with help of:

A

Phycobilisome

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126
Q

The largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called:

A

Streptococci

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127
Q

Vibrio cholera belongs to which category:

A

Spirochete

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128
Q

Syphilis is caused by a:

A

Spirochete
(Treponema Pallidum)

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129
Q

In which of the following shapes, gut living symbiont Escherichia coli is found?

A

Rod
(Gram-Negative)

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130
Q

The arrangement of coccus bacteria in the chain is called:

A

Streptococci

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131
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria are known as:

A

Bacilli

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132
Q

When the division of the cell is into two planes it will produce an arrangement having ____ cocci.

A

4

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133
Q

Largest bacteria among the followings:

A

Epulopsicium fishelsoni

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134
Q

Bacteria that are pleomorphic:
(Have no fixed shape)

A

Helicobacter pylori

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135
Q

The most ancient bacteria are:

A

Archaebacteria

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136
Q

The germ theory of Disease was formulated by:

A

Robert Koch

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137
Q

E.coli is a ____ bacteria.

A

Gram-ve

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138
Q

The smallest bacteria are:

A

Mycoplasma

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139
Q

Which of the following do not possess a cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma

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140
Q

Mycoplasma is about _____ in diameter.

A

10-200 nm

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141
Q

A square of 4 cocci is termed as:

A

Tetrad

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142
Q

A cube of 8 cocci is called:

A

Sarcina

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143
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria are called;

A

Bacilli

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144
Q

Bacterial arrangements having division in random planes are:

A

Staphylococcus

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145
Q

Which of the following are spiral-shaped bacteria?

A

Vibrio

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146
Q

Curved comma-shaped bacteria are called:

A

Vibrio

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147
Q

Streptobacillus is basically a:

A

Chain of bacilli

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148
Q

The several distinct arrangements of cocci is based on their:

A

Planes of division

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149
Q

In cocci, three plane division results in the formation of sarcina which is a:

A

Cube of 8 cocci

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150
Q

Division of cocci in three planes results in the formation of;

A

Sarcina

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151
Q

The size of the spirochete is approximate.

A

500 μm

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152
Q

Spiral-shaped bacteria are:

A

Vibrio

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153
Q

A huge microorganism, Acanthrus nigrofuscus is a _____ discovered in the intestine of brown surgeonfish.

A

Bacterium

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154
Q

A Group of 8 cocci bacteria is called:

A

Sarcina

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155
Q

Which o the following has a chain-like arrangement?

A

Streptococci

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156
Q

Which of the following bacteria possesses a spherical shape?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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157
Q

Coccobaciluus has a shape similar to which the following?

A

Egg

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158
Q

Which has a spiral shape bacteria?

A

Spirochete

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159
Q

Which o the following bacteria is equal to the size of a hyphen?

A

Epulopiscium fishelsoni

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160
Q

Bacteria that live in the intestine and produce vitamin “K” belongs to;

A

Bacillus
(E.coli=Gram Negative)

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161
Q

Resistance against antibodies is mainly increasing because of;

A

Misuse of Antibiotics

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162
Q

A chemotherapeutic agent is/are:

A

Antibiotics

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163
Q

Bacteria present in canned foods are:

A

Clostridium botulinum

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164
Q

Antibiotics and hormones can be sterilized by using:

A

Membrane filtration

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165
Q

What is true about antibiotics?

A

Can also be synthesized in the laboratory

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166
Q

Treatment by using attenuated culture of bacteria is called:

A

Vaccination

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167
Q

Which one of the following antibiotics causes permanent discolouration of teeth in young children if it is misused?

A

Tetracycline

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168
Q

Antibiotics interfere with some aspects of the growth or metabolism of the target organism such as:

A

➡Synthesis of bacterial walls
➡Plasma membrane function
➡Protein synthesis
➡Enzyme action

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169
Q

Select the method which causes the oxidation of chemical constituents of a bacterial cell;

A

Dry heat

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170
Q

Which of the following can have a microbicidal effect?

A

➡Alcohol
➡Formaldehyde
➡Antibiotics

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171
Q

_____ are in general used for the sterilization process.

A

Gamma Rays

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172
Q

All of the following can be sterilized by membrane filters except:

A

Flasks

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173
Q

Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called:

A

Antiseptics

174
Q

Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic chemical substances which are synthesized and secreted by:

A

Certain bacteria

175
Q

Pasteur was of the pioneer microbiologists. His main achievement is the development of vaccines for diseases.

A

Anthrax-Fowl Cholera-Rabies

176
Q

The agent responsible for rabies is:

A

➡Rabid Dogs
➡Foxes
➡Cats

177
Q

Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called:

A

Antiseptic

178
Q

Approximately how many species of bacteria are known to cause disease in humans?

A

Antiseptics

179
Q

Approximately how many species o bacteria are known to cause diseases in humans?

A

200

180
Q

Discolouration of teeth is due to misuse of:

A

Tetracycline

181
Q

For sterilization, ____ is used.

A

UV Rays

182
Q

Deafness is caused by excess use of:

A

Streptomycin

183
Q

Bacteria play important role in;

A

Nitrogen Cycle

184
Q

For sterilization, which of the following is used:

A

➡Dry Heat
➡Moist Heat
➡Gamma Rays

185
Q

Pesticides and insecticides are made up of;

A

Chemical agents

186
Q

Removal of a parasite from the body of the host is called;

A

Disinfection

187
Q

What is the main role of bacteria?

A

➡CO2 Cycle
➡Nitrogen Cycle
➡Phospohrus Cycle

188
Q

A bacteria with single polar flagellum is called:

A

monotrichous

189
Q

Curved or comma shaped bacteria are called:

A

Vibrio

190
Q

A square of 4 cocci is termed as;

A

Tetrad

191
Q

The bacteria with a tuft of flagella at one pole is called:

A

Lophotrichous

192
Q

The bacteria without any flagella at one pole is called:

A

Atrichous

193
Q

Rod shaped bacteria are called;

A

Bacilli

194
Q

When tuft of flagella is present at each pole of two in

A

Amphitrichous

195
Q

Acanthurus nigrofuscus is a:

A

FIsh

196
Q

A tetrad is square of:

A

4 cocci

197
Q

If tuft of flagella is present only at one pole of bacteria than there are called as:

A

Lophotrococcus

198
Q

A cube of eight cocci is termed as;

A

Sarcina

199
Q

Germ theory of disease was formulated by:

A

Robert Koch

200
Q

Oval shaped bacteria are:

A

Cocci

201
Q

These are smallest and without cell wall:

A

Mycoplasma

202
Q

Bacterial flagella originate from

A

Basal Body

203
Q

Pili are primarily involved in:

A

Conjugation

204
Q

When cocci occur in pairs, their arrangement is:

A

Diplococcus

205
Q

Pili are made of a special protein called:

A

Pillin

206
Q

Which is aerobic respiration:

A

Pseudomonas

207
Q

Peptidoglycans absent in:

A

Archaeo bacteria

208
Q

The cell wall is absent in:

A

Mycoplasma

209
Q

Primarily involved in conjugation between bacterial cells

A

Pili

210
Q

Bacterial pathogenicity is due to;

A

Slime

211
Q

The bacteria which can grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen is called:

A

Facultative Bacteria

212
Q

The cell walls of Archeaobacteria do not contain;

A

Peptidoglycan

213
Q

Which one of the following is not found in all bacteria?

A

Capsule

214
Q

The cell walls of most bacteria have a unique macromolecule called:

A

Peptidoglycan

215
Q

Mesosomes are internal extensions of the;

A

Cell membrane

216
Q

Which is a microaerophilic bacterium?

A

Campylobacter

217
Q

Prokaryotic cells have small-sized ribosomes as compared to eukaryotic cells with the units:

A

The 70S

218
Q

Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?

A

Capsule

219
Q

Important vectors in modern genetic engineering techniques are:

A

Plasmid

220
Q

Which one of the following requires a low concentration of oxygen:

A

Campylobacter

221
Q

Cysts are dormant, thick-walled, desiccation-resistant forms and develop during:

A

Differentiation of vegetative cells

222
Q

First discovered antibiotic is:

A

Penicillin

223
Q

Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs by:

A

Binary fission

224
Q

The rapid phase of growth of bacteria is:

A

Log

225
Q

The thick-walled reproductive cells of cyanobacteria are called;

A

Akinete

226
Q

Bacteria increase in number by asexual mean of replication;

A

Binary fission

227
Q

Bacteria prepare themselves for division during:

A

Lag phase

228
Q

Bacteria divide at an exponential rate during:

A

Log phase

229
Q

The antibiotic which causes permanent discolouration of teeth in young children is:

A

Tetracycline

230
Q

Conjugation in bacteria is promoted by the structure;

A

Pili

231
Q

Reserve food material in cyanobacteria is:

A

Glycogen

232
Q

_________is a poisonous mushroom whose gills glow in dark

A

Jack-O’lantern

233
Q

When cocci form long chain of cells then arrangement is called

A

Streptococci

234
Q

It is known as phase of no growth

A

Lag phase

235
Q

The growth of bacterial cells occurs by

A

Binary fission

236
Q

Bacteria cannot survive in a highly salted pickle because of

A

Plasmalysis and killing

237
Q

Antibiotics are mostly obtained from

A

Bacteria

238
Q

Plasmids are

A

Circular DNA

239
Q

Some Complex bacterial cells have

A

Mesosomes

240
Q

The uniqueness of bacterial photosynthesis is because it can occur

A

Without light

241
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria differ from Gram Negative bacteria in the structure of their

A

Cell wall

242
Q

Vibrio cholera belongs to which category

A

Spirochete

243
Q

Bacteria which need oxygen but can also live in the absence of oxygen are

A

Facultative anerobes

244
Q

The flagella of bacteria are composed of

A

Flagellin

245
Q

Conjugation introduces ______ in bacterial population

A

New traits

246
Q

Coma shaped bacteria are

A

Vibrio

247
Q

Nitrogen fixing organism which can be symbiotic is

A

Rhizobium

248
Q

Bacterial ribosomes lie in/on

A

Cytoplasm

249
Q

Which of the following are the smallest bacteria

A

E. coli

250
Q

True Pili are present in_______bacteria

A

Gram Negative

251
Q

Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due to the presence of

A

Slime

252
Q

Plasma membrane and everything in it is called

A

Protoplast

253
Q

In bacteria which of the following structure is responsible for drug and insect resistance

A

Plasmid

254
Q

Cyclosporine is used to lower

A

Immune system

255
Q

The first eukaryote to be used by genetic engineer was

A

Yeast

256
Q

Bacteria produce spore in ______ phase

A

Decline phase

257
Q

Respiratory enzymes in bacteria are present in

A

Mesosome

258
Q

A fungal origin drug used against bacterial infections is

A

Penicillin

259
Q

One of the following is not correct about lysogeny

A

Master slave relation

260
Q

Bacteria present in canned foods is

A

Clostridium botulinum

261
Q

Bacteria that live in intestine and produce vitamin K belongs to

A

Bacillus

262
Q

Dormant thick walled desiccation resistant body

A

Cyst

263
Q

All are chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria except

A

Rhizobium

264
Q

In five kingdom classification unicellular, colonial and non nucleated bacteria placed in

A

Monera

265
Q

The Moneran devoid of cell wall is

A

Mycoplasma

266
Q

Largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called as

A

Streptococci

267
Q

Primary gram’s stain is

A

Crystal Violet

268
Q

Archaebacteria lack in their structure/ composition

A

Peptidoglycan

269
Q

Bacterial plasma membrane is not involved in

A

Maintenance of cell shape

270
Q

All are the characteristics of Gram Positive Bacteria except

A

State pink with primary dye

271
Q

Resistance against antibiotics is mainly increasing because of

A

Misuse of antibiotics

272
Q

Chemotherapeutic agent is/are

A

Antibiotic

273
Q

Cell envelope of a bacterium does not involve

A

Plasma membrane

274
Q

Bacterial membrane differ from Eukaryotic membrane as the lack

A

Cholesterol

275
Q

Feulgen stain is specifically used to identify

A

DNA

276
Q

What is not true about bacterial spore

A

Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells

277
Q

What is true about antibiotics

A

Can also be synthesized in laboratory

278
Q

The smallest knwon bacteria are;

A

Mycoplasma

279
Q

The shape of the bacterium is in between a typical coccus and a bacillus, so the shape of bacterium is:

A

Coccobacillus

280
Q

Bacteria which is helically curved rod is;

A

Spirillum

281
Q

Eight cocci in a single plane will ofrm;

A

Streptococci

282
Q

One, which is not presen in bacterial cels?

A

Microtub

283
Q

Number of major layers in cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is/are:

A

2

284
Q

Which of the folowing is correct sequence of events of binary fission in bacteria?

A

Cell enlargment>Chromosome duplication>Plasma membrane invagination

285
Q

Exchange of genetic material between two bacteria via formation of cytoplasmic bridge is called;

A

Conugation

286
Q

Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs thorugh:

A

Binary fission

287
Q

The process in which DNA of a bacteria cell is transferred into another bacterial cell by a virus us known as;

A

Transduction

288
Q

Process which kills bacteria as well as spores is called:

A

Sterilization

289
Q

Dry heat causes killing of germs by:

A

Oxidation of their chemicals

290
Q

Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;

A

Disinfection

291
Q

A procedure to eliminate possibility of infection;

A

Antispetics

292
Q

Literal meaning of antibiotics is:

A

Against life

293
Q

Antibiotics may not be produced by:

A

Bacteriophage

294
Q

Bacterium which is helically curved rod is:

A

Spirillum

295
Q

Eight cocci in a sinlge plane will form;

A

Streptococci

296
Q

Cell wall of archaeobacteria does not contain:

A

Peptidoglycan

297
Q

Bacterial cell envelope is a complex of layers external to;

A

Cell protoplasm

298
Q

Cell envelop does not inclde:

A

Spore

299
Q

Feulgen stain is used in study of bacterial;

A

DNA

300
Q

Cytoplasmic matrix of bacterial cell contains;

A

Plasmids

301
Q

Number of major layers in cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is/are:

A

2

302
Q

Bacteria that get nutrition from other organisms and causes diseases in them are;

A

Parasitic

303
Q

Vitamin K producing bacteria are present in;

A

Colon

304
Q

Bacteria which can grow either in presence or absence of oxygen are called;

A

Facultative Bacteria

305
Q

Even a small amount of oxygen is toxic for;

A

Spirochete

306
Q

It is a phase of bacterial growth where death rate is equal to rate of reproduction:

A

Stationary Phase

307
Q

Bacterial spores are usually formed during:

A

Decline phase

308
Q

asexual reprodcution in bacteria occurs thorugh;

A

Binary Fission

309
Q

Bacterial growth can be seen in al phases except;

A

Lag phase

310
Q

It causes destruction of all life forms:

A

Sterilization

311
Q

First antibiotic was obtained from;Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;

A

Fungi

312
Q

Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;

A

Disinfection

313
Q

A procedure to eliminate possibility of infection:

A

Antiseptics

314
Q

Effect that instanlty kills microbes is;

A

Microbicidal

315
Q

Which of the following is more ancient than others?

A

Blue-Green algae

316
Q

Reserve food material in cyanobacteria:

A

Glycogen

317
Q

Genetic recombination in bacteria leads to variation Which process leads to genetic recombination through bacterial pili?

A

Conjugation

318
Q

Which process in bacteria always allows chromosomal and non-chromosmal DNA transfer?

A

Binary Fission

319
Q

Hydrogen donor in photosynthesis of purple sulphur bacteria is:

A

H2S

320
Q

Bacteria that convert nitrates into free nitrogen are:

A

Denitrifying

321
Q

Which is not the part of bacterial cell membrane?

A

Sterol

322
Q

Which of the following structure is not present in all bacteria?

A

Capsule

323
Q

In bacteria, the respiratory enzymes are situated in the part of:

A

Cell Membrane

324
Q

The main difference between Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria resides in their:

A

Cell Wall

325
Q

The germ theory of disease was put forth by:

A

Koch

326
Q

Uncoating of HIV viron occurs:

A

In cytoplasm of the host cell

327
Q

Bacteria were discovered by:

A

A.V. Leuwenhoek

328
Q

Smallest organisms capable of growth, division and reproduction are:

A

Mycoplasma

329
Q

A bacterium with flagella all around is:

A

Peritrichous

330
Q

Bacterium lack alternation of generations because there s:

A

Neither syngamy nor reduction division

331
Q

Gram stain represents:

A

A technique for staining bacteria and developed by Gram

332
Q

All are the characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria except:

A

➡High content of peptidoglycan❌
➡High permeability❌
➡Teichoic acid is present❌
➡Stain pink with primary dye✅

333
Q

Which is not true for bacterial cell walls?

A

Not antigenic

334
Q

Flagella are basically composed of:

A

Protein

335
Q

Bacteria differ from viruses in:

A

Having well deined cytoplasm

336
Q

It is responsible for drug and insect resistance in bacteria:

A

Plasmid

337
Q

Pili are appendages of:

A

Bacteria

338
Q

Bacterial plasmids are:

A

Circular ds DNA

339
Q

A bacterium divides every 36 minutes. If a culture containing 10^5 cells/ml is grown for 180 minutes, what will be the cell concentration after that period?

A

32 x 10^5

340
Q

Ribosomes of E.coli are:

A

70S

341
Q

Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the human gut?

A

K

342
Q

Harmful substances released by bacteria are:

A

Toxins

343
Q

What is false about pili?

A

True pili present in Gram positive bacteria

344
Q

The smallest known bacteria are devoid of cell wall and are included in the genus:

A

Mycoplasma

345
Q

The size of cocci is measured in:

A

Single Dimension

346
Q

The term ‘pleomorphic bacteria’ is used to represent the bacteria having:

A

Variable Genome

347
Q

Pseudomonas is an example of:

A

Bacilli

348
Q

What is the term used for the arrangement of bacteria shown in the following diagram?

A

Streptococci

349
Q

Which of the following statement is false?

A

➡Bacterial cell membrane lacks sterols❌
➡Cell wall of bacteria is inner to the cell membrane✅
➡Pili are involved in conjugation❌
➡Gram-positive bacteria have thicker cell walls than gram-negative bacteria❌

350
Q

The cytoplasm of bacteria differs from that of a common eukaryotic cell in having:

A

Gel-like consistency as a whole

351
Q

Bacteria which rarely show chemotaxis are:

A

Cocci

352
Q

Teichoic acid is associated with:

A

Cel wall of gram positive bacteria

353
Q

It is a part of the intracellular matrix of the bacterial cells:

A

Basal body

354
Q

Feulgen stain is used to dye bacterial:

A

Chromatin Body

355
Q

A bacterial cell unlike cells of eukaryotic organism lacks all except:

A

Flagella

356
Q

Peptidoglycan is present in the cell wall of all of the followig bacteria except:

A

Archaeobacteria

357
Q

It protects the bacterial cell from osmotic lysis:

A

Cell Wall

358
Q

Which statement is true about bacterial cell membranes?

A

Bacterial cell membrane is involved in cellular respiration

359
Q

Bacteria are sad to be haploid because they:

A

Have a single chromosomes

360
Q

Approximately ___ species of bacteria are human pathogens.

A

200

361
Q

It causes coagulation of bacterial prtoeins:

A

Moist Heat

362
Q

In the physical control of bacteria, __ is used for heat-sensitive compounds.

A

Microwave oven

363
Q

Antiseptics are used to control bacteria in/onn:

A

Living Tissues

364
Q

____ used the attenuated culture of bacteria as a vaccine.

A

L. Pasteur

365
Q

Gamma rays are commonly used for:

A

Sterilization

366
Q

Bacteria are considered primitive to fungi due to the lack of:

A

True Nucleus

367
Q

It is a cube of eight cocci:

A

Sarcina

368
Q

They are primarily involved in mating process between cells:

A

Conjugation

369
Q

The cell wall of bacteria is composed of:

A

Murein

370
Q

Chemotaxis and motility are not shown by most of the:

A

Cocci

371
Q

Bacterial plasmids carry genes for:

A

➡Drug Resistance
➡Fertility Factor
➡Heavy Metal Resistance

372
Q

It is the structure present in all bacteria:

A

Ribosomes

373
Q

Mycoplasma resemble bactera in their:

A

Nature of DNA and Ribosomes

374
Q

In bacterial cell, electron transport system occurs in its:

A

Plasma Membrane

375
Q

How many bacterial cells will be produced in 4 hours, if the bacterium is dividng every 30 minutes?

A

256

376
Q

A higher amount of murein occurs in the cell wall of:

A

Gram-positive bacteria

377
Q

E.coli is:

A

Haploid

378
Q

Some bacteria are not easily killed by antibiotics or heat treatment because of their:

A

Capsule or Endospores

379
Q

Plasmid DNA of Escherichia coli has been used extensively in:

A

Recombinatn DNA technology

380
Q

Which one of the following is common waste material in bacteria?

A

Acetic acid

381
Q

In bacteria, sex is determined by presence of:

A

F-Factor

382
Q

Teichoic acid is found in cell wall of:

A

Gram positive fforms

383
Q

The flagella of bacterial cell consists of:

A

Helically arranged protein molecules

384
Q

All of the following are included in bacterial appendages except:

A

basal Body

385
Q

antibiotics, seras, hormones etc. can be sterilized by means of:

A

Membrane Filtration

386
Q

Sterilization is done by:

A

Autoclaving

387
Q

During the pasteurization process, milk is heated to 71.7º C for:

A

15 seconds only

388
Q

Antibiotics can act on all of these parts of bacteria except:

A

Histone Proteins

389
Q

Endospore formation occurs in:

A

Bacillus Forms

390
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotics are one which attack:

A

A wide range of pathogens

391
Q

Which of the following types of cells utilize DNA as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

A

Bacteria

392
Q

In bacteria, DNA will be found in:

A

The nucleoid

393
Q

The cell walls of most bacteria have a unique macromolecule called:

A

Peptidoglycan

394
Q

The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell lacks membrane-bound organelles and:

A

Cytoskeleton

395
Q

The nuclear material or DNA in abcterial cells is a single, ircular and:

A

Double Stranded

396
Q

Christian Gram developed the technique of:

A

Gram Staining

397
Q

The cell walls of archaeobacteria are ___.

A

➡Proteins
➡Glycoprotiens
➡Polysaccharides

398
Q

The plasma membrane and everything present within is known as:

A

Protoplast

399
Q

The cell membrane invaginates into the ___ cytoplasm forming a structure called:

A

Mesosome

400
Q

Most of the bacilli and spiral-shaped bacteria have:

A

Flagella

401
Q

Nucleoid is visible in the light microscope after staining with:

A

Feulgain stain

402
Q

Mesosomes are involved in:

A

DNA replication and Cell Division

403
Q

A slippery outer covering in some bacteria that protects them from phagocytosis by host cells is:

A

Slime

404
Q

A shiny, sticky colony of Streptococcus pneumonia is likely to be:

A

Encapsulated and Pathogenic

405
Q

When flagella are distributed all around a bacterial cell, the arrangement is called:

A

Peritrchous

406
Q

Because penicillin prevents peptidoglycan sytnehsis, it is more effectve on __ cells.

A

Gram Negative Bacteria

407
Q

Flagella and pili are made of:

A

Protein

408
Q

The bacterial envelope includes all of the following structures except:

A

Endospore

409
Q

All of the following structures of bacteria contain protein except:

A

Plasmids

410
Q

Which of the following contains polysaccharide?

A

Gram Negative Cell Wall

411
Q

Endospores are all for the following except __ as coapred to vegetative cells:

A

More resistant to staining

412
Q

What is a cluster of polar flagella called?

A

Lophotrichous

413
Q

Flagella in bacteria enable them to:

A

Locomote

414
Q

This is analogous to mesosomes of bacteria:

A

Mitochondria of eukaryotes

415
Q

The iodine is used as ___ in the gram staining technique.

A

Mordant

416
Q

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall and are therefore resistant to penicillin?

A

Mycoplasmas

417
Q

In gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan makes ___ of dry weight in some bacterial cells:

A

50%

418
Q

The overall thickness of the gram-negative type of cell wall is:

A

8-11 nm

419
Q

The genetic system is located in the prokaryotes in:

A

➡Nucleoid
➡Chromatin
➡Nuclear material

420
Q

The cooci which form bunch and irregular pattern are:

A

Staphyloccoci

421
Q

Bacteria range in size from about ___ over a single dimension.

A

0.1 to 600 μm

422
Q

Smallest of the bacteria belong to:

A

Mycoplasma

423
Q

Staphylococci and Streptococci are __ in diameter

A

0.75 - 1.25μ

424
Q

Sarcina has ___ cocci.

A

8

425
Q

Bacteria that show growth in 3 dimensions in regular planes are called:

A

Sarcina

426
Q

Structure present in almost all bacteria but not in all bacteria:

A

Cell Wall

427
Q

Gram-negative bacteria are stained pink. This is because they retain secondary dye.

A

Pink

428
Q

Gram-negative retain secondary dye which is:

A

Saffranine

429
Q

Approximately ___ species of bacteria are known to cause diseases in humans:

A

200

430
Q

In gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan makes ___ of the total dry weight of their cell walls.

A

10%

AM BIOLOGY (13 decks)

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