UNIT#10 PROKARYOTES Flashcards
The primary stain used in gram staining is;
Crystal violet
Archaeobacteria lack in their structure/composition:
Peptidoglycan
The glycocalyx is made up of;
Polysaccharides
In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane is made up of:
Lipoproteins
All are the characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria except:
➡The high content of peptidoglycan❌
➡High permeability ❌
➡Techeoic acid is present❌
➡Stain pink with primary dye✅
The cell envelope of a bacterium does not include:
Plasma Membrane
Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due to the presence of;
Slime
Peptidoglycan or muerin is a special or distinctive feature of the cell wall in;
Bacteria
The cell wall structure of a cell is unknown origin was studied and was found to contain a polysaccharide chain linked with short chains of amino acid. What do you think it can be?
Bacteria
Find the characteristic true or Gram-positive bacteria.
Less lipids than Gram-ve
If lipopolysaccharide did not appear in the wall of bacteria on staining, then it will be known as;
Gram-positive
Respiratory enzymes n bacteria are present in/at:
Mesosomes
Dormant thick walled desiccation resistant body:
Cyst
Member of Kingdom Monera devoid of the cell wall is:
Mycoplasma
The bacterial plasma membrane is not involved in;
Maintenance of cell shape
Bacterial membranes differ from the eukaryotic membranes as they lack:
Cholesterol
What is not true about bacterial spores?
➡Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells✅
➡Are heat resistant ❌
➡Are desiccation resistant❌
➡May be exospores or endospores❌
Many bacteria are motile due to the presence of;
Flagella
Nucleoid is a structure not found in;
Goblet cells
____ is an invagination of cell membrane which helps in cell division.
Mesosomes
Students were asked to give a guess about a unicellular organism with a darkly stained nucleus. Which of the following can be straight away excluded from the list?
Lactobacillus
DNA of bacteria is present in;
Nucleoid
If one of the following components is missing, bacteria cannot increase the number of its plasmid copies?
Origin of replication
When tuft of the flagella is present at both the ends in the structure of bacterial cell then the condition is called;
Amphitrichous
Which of the following is divided by fission?
Bacteria
A bacterium which has a group of two or more flagella inserted at one pole of the cell?
Lophotrichous
The following are sexual reproduction methods for bacteria,:
Binary fission
Which of the following is true about the structure of a typical bacterium?
➡It has a cell wall
➡It has genetic material
➡It has cytoplasm
It is not true about archaea:
➡Inhibited by antibiotics✅
➡Introns are present in some genes❌
➡Peptidoglycan is absent in the cell wall❌
➡Branched carbon changes in membrane lipids❌
A similarity that can be present between flagella of bacteria and an animal cell:
Motility as function
Chances of ____ having flagella are rare;
Diplococcus
What is a false statement about pili?
➡It is made up of pilin protein❌
➡True pili present in gram-positive and negative bacteria✅
➡Crucial for conjugation❌
➡Means of attachment❌
Bacteria without flagella are called:
Atrichous
A bacteria with a single polar flagellum is;
Monotrichous
The bacterium with a tuft of flagella at one pole is called:
Lophotrichous
When a tuft of flagella is present at each pole of two in bacteria is called:
Amphitrichous
Many bacteria contain flagella for locomotion. When flagella surround the whole bacterial cell, this condition is called;
Peritrichous
Pili are made of a special protein called;
Pillin
Which of the following structures is present on Gram-negative bacteria only and is involved in conjugation?
Pili
The cell walls of archeobacteria do not contain:
Peptidoglycan
Which of the following is not found in all bacteria?
Capsule
Bacterial pathogenicity is due to;
Slime
Which of the following bacteria are stained purple
Gram-positive
Which is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?
Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan is absent in:
Archeobacteria
Mesosomes are internal extensions of the;
Cell membrane
Name the structure involved in DNA replication;
Mesosomes
Mesosomes are infoldings of the cell membrane and are involved in;
DNA replication
Extrachromosomal rings of DNA in bacteria are;
Plasmid
Bacteria membranes differ from eukaryotic in lacking:
Cholesterol
The thick-walled, desiccation-resistant forms in bacteria are;
Cyst
Cyanobacteria have which of the following type of cell walls?
Gram Negative
In a bacterial cell, the plasma membrane with all things present within it is called:
Protoplast
Prokaron means before nucleus is the word of ____ language.
Greek
Microbiologists place bacteria in the following major categories:
➡Eubacteria
➡Archaeobacteria
Prokaryotic life is characterized by:
Absence of nuclear envelope
All of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells except:
They are usually found in Protists and Fungi
Which of the given structures of cyanobacteria has a functional resemblance with the chloroplast?
Chromatophore
What is the strengthening material of the prokaryotic cell wall?
➡Peptidoglycan
➡Murein
What is not a part of protoplasm?
Capsule of bacteria
Do the gram-positive bacteria appear in which colour under gram staining?
Purple
In prokaryotes, ____ are involved in respiration.
➡Mesosomes
➡Cell Membrane
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an anti-biotic resistant “superbug” that can cause deadly infections in humans. What would these Gram-positive bacteria look like under a microscope
Purple spheres
The filamentous appendages called pili are present only on:
Gram-Negative Bacteria
The mode of reproduction for cyanobacteria is one of the following?
Binary Fission
Which of the following is found in bacterial cells, but not in mature red blood?
DNA
A bacterium with a tuft of flagella at both poles is called?
Amphitrichous
The most common waste material produced by bacteria is:
Lactic acid
Which of the following contains genes for drug and disease resistance in bacteria?
Plasmid
Archaeobacteria can survive at which of the following temperature?
120°C
Pilli is hollow appendages in bacteria that are used for:
Conjugation
Which of the following is not considered as basic shape of a bacterium
Filamentous
The cell wall is only absent in which of the following group of bacteria?
Mycoplasma
In what category of bacteria does Neisseria most likely fail?
Cocci
Which of the following structure is not present in all bacteria:
Capsule
Which of the following is not a method of genetic recombination in a bacterium?
Binary fission
Which of the following bacteria do not commonly have flagella?
Cocci
What allows bacteria to stain positively with gram stain?
The Bacteria’s thick peptidoglycan cell walls
The process of recombination in prokaryotes takes place in one o the following ways?
➡Transformation
➡Conjugation
➡Transduction
The flagella originate from which part of the cell?
Basal body
those bacteria which are fully dependent upon their host for nutrition are called?
Parasitic Bacteria
Flagella are basically compound of
Protein
Which of the following would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?
Mitochondria
Which of the following characteristics make plasmid DNA useful for researchers?
➡Readily incorporate cloned DNA
➡Capable of autonomous replication
➡Capable of being isolated from genomic DNA
Characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
➡Absence of membrane-bounded organelles
➡Absence of nucleus
➡Presenec of ribosomes
Which of the following would not be observed in a bacterial cell?
Golgi apparatus
The function of the cell wall in prokaryotes is;
➡To give cell rigidity
➡To give a specific shape
➡To protect from osmotic lysis
True bacteria are termed as;
Eubacteria
The presence of peptidoglycan in Gram-positive bacteria is;
50% dry weight
Which of the following is true for both bacterial conjugation and meiosis?
Both processes involve genetic recombination
A type of bacterial cell that completely surrounded by flagella is called;
Peritrichous
Which of the following is a heat-resistant organelle?
Spores
Which of the following is false about conjugation?
➡It forms a bridge between two bacteria cells❌
➡It involves the transport of genetic material via vectors✅
➡It is a form of sexual reproduction❌
For respiratory metabolism, the bacterial cell membrane contains:
Enzymes
What is the name of the region where double-stranded single circular DNA is found in the prokaryotic cell?
Nucleoid
What is true for pili and flagella-like structures of bacteria:
Both are composed of proteins
Which of the following structure provides greater pathogenicity to the bacteria?
Slime
The presence of which of these cell structures would confirm that the cell is prokaryotic?
Peptidoglycan cell wall
In prokaryotes cells, ribosomes are of;
The 70S
The cell wall of a bacterial cell is more permeable in:
Gram-positive bacteria
Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells?
Binary fission
The cell wall of archaea bacteria does not contain one of the following?
Peptidoglycan
Which of the following is most responsible for bacterial cell motility?
Flagella
Chromatin body in prokaryotes can also be termed as;
➡Nuclear body
➡Nuclear Region
➡Nucleoid
Cyanobacteria help in nitrogen fixation since they have:
Heterocyst
Heterocyst
Pilli
Periplasmic space is absent in:
Gram Negative bacteria
Which part of bacteria is most delicate and damage can kill bacterial cell immediately?
Cell Membrane
It occupies a position near the centre of the cell;
Nucleoid
Which is present in every bacterium;
Cell Membrane
Cyanobacteria are related to eukaryotes in having:
➡Photosystem I
➡Photosystem II
Spores are resistant to:
➡Antiboides
➡Environmental Stress
➡Disinfectants
Cyanobacteria move by:
➡Gas vesicles
➡Gliding motility
Purple non-sulphur is an example;
Photosynthetic bacteria
Which of the following type of bacterial replication is most similar to mitosis:
Binary Fission
An example of bacterial requiring a low concentration of oxygen is;
Campylobacter
Bacteria that live n the humus are ____.
Aerobic
Aerobic
Autotroph
All bacterial species have this organelle in common;
Ribosome
Aerobic bacteria release:
CO2
Bacteria without flagella are called:
Atrichous
E.coli is a:
➡Facultative
➡Anaeroibc
➡Gram negative
Which true prokaryote is a photosynthetic bacterium?
Cyanobacteria
The structure of prokaryote which is involved in the attachment:
Pili
Cyanobacteria undergo photosynthesis with help of:
Phycobilisome
The largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called:
Streptococci
Vibrio cholera belongs to which category:
Spirochete
Syphilis is caused by a:
Spirochete
(Treponema Pallidum)
In which of the following shapes, gut living symbiont Escherichia coli is found?
Rod
(Gram-Negative)
The arrangement of coccus bacteria in the chain is called:
Streptococci
Rod-shaped bacteria are known as:
Bacilli
When the division of the cell is into two planes it will produce an arrangement having ____ cocci.
4
Largest bacteria among the followings:
Epulopsicium fishelsoni
Bacteria that are pleomorphic:
(Have no fixed shape)
Helicobacter pylori
The most ancient bacteria are:
Archaebacteria
The germ theory of Disease was formulated by:
Robert Koch
E.coli is a ____ bacteria.
Gram-ve
The smallest bacteria are:
Mycoplasma
Which of the following do not possess a cell wall?
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma is about _____ in diameter.
10-200 nm
A square of 4 cocci is termed as:
Tetrad
A cube of 8 cocci is called:
Sarcina
Rod-shaped bacteria are called;
Bacilli
Bacterial arrangements having division in random planes are:
Staphylococcus
Which of the following are spiral-shaped bacteria?
Vibrio
Curved comma-shaped bacteria are called:
Vibrio
Streptobacillus is basically a:
Chain of bacilli
The several distinct arrangements of cocci is based on their:
Planes of division
In cocci, three plane division results in the formation of sarcina which is a:
Cube of 8 cocci
Division of cocci in three planes results in the formation of;
Sarcina
The size of the spirochete is approximate.
500 μm
Spiral-shaped bacteria are:
Vibrio
A huge microorganism, Acanthrus nigrofuscus is a _____ discovered in the intestine of brown surgeonfish.
Bacterium
A Group of 8 cocci bacteria is called:
Sarcina
Which o the following has a chain-like arrangement?
Streptococci
Which of the following bacteria possesses a spherical shape?
Staphylococcus aureus
Coccobaciluus has a shape similar to which the following?
Egg
Which has a spiral shape bacteria?
Spirochete
Which o the following bacteria is equal to the size of a hyphen?
Epulopiscium fishelsoni
Bacteria that live in the intestine and produce vitamin “K” belongs to;
Bacillus
(E.coli=Gram Negative)
Resistance against antibodies is mainly increasing because of;
Misuse of Antibiotics
A chemotherapeutic agent is/are:
Antibiotics
Bacteria present in canned foods are:
Clostridium botulinum
Antibiotics and hormones can be sterilized by using:
Membrane filtration
What is true about antibiotics?
Can also be synthesized in the laboratory
Treatment by using attenuated culture of bacteria is called:
Vaccination
Which one of the following antibiotics causes permanent discolouration of teeth in young children if it is misused?
Tetracycline
Antibiotics interfere with some aspects of the growth or metabolism of the target organism such as:
➡Synthesis of bacterial walls
➡Plasma membrane function
➡Protein synthesis
➡Enzyme action
Select the method which causes the oxidation of chemical constituents of a bacterial cell;
Dry heat
Which of the following can have a microbicidal effect?
➡Alcohol
➡Formaldehyde
➡Antibiotics
_____ are in general used for the sterilization process.
Gamma Rays
All of the following can be sterilized by membrane filters except:
Flasks
Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called:
Antiseptics
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic chemical substances which are synthesized and secreted by:
Certain bacteria
Pasteur was of the pioneer microbiologists. His main achievement is the development of vaccines for diseases.
Anthrax-Fowl Cholera-Rabies
The agent responsible for rabies is:
➡Rabid Dogs
➡Foxes
➡Cats
Chemical substances used on living tissues that inhibit the growth of microorganisms are called:
Antiseptic
Approximately how many species of bacteria are known to cause disease in humans?
Antiseptics
Approximately how many species o bacteria are known to cause diseases in humans?
200
Discolouration of teeth is due to misuse of:
Tetracycline
For sterilization, ____ is used.
UV Rays
Deafness is caused by excess use of:
Streptomycin
Bacteria play important role in;
Nitrogen Cycle
For sterilization, which of the following is used:
➡Dry Heat
➡Moist Heat
➡Gamma Rays
Pesticides and insecticides are made up of;
Chemical agents
Removal of a parasite from the body of the host is called;
Disinfection
What is the main role of bacteria?
➡CO2 Cycle
➡Nitrogen Cycle
➡Phospohrus Cycle
A bacteria with single polar flagellum is called:
monotrichous
Curved or comma shaped bacteria are called:
Vibrio
A square of 4 cocci is termed as;
Tetrad
The bacteria with a tuft of flagella at one pole is called:
Lophotrichous
The bacteria without any flagella at one pole is called:
Atrichous
Rod shaped bacteria are called;
Bacilli
When tuft of flagella is present at each pole of two in
Amphitrichous
Acanthurus nigrofuscus is a:
FIsh
A tetrad is square of:
4 cocci
If tuft of flagella is present only at one pole of bacteria than there are called as:
Lophotrococcus
A cube of eight cocci is termed as;
Sarcina
Germ theory of disease was formulated by:
Robert Koch
Oval shaped bacteria are:
Cocci
These are smallest and without cell wall:
Mycoplasma
Bacterial flagella originate from
Basal Body
Pili are primarily involved in:
Conjugation
When cocci occur in pairs, their arrangement is:
Diplococcus
Pili are made of a special protein called:
Pillin
Which is aerobic respiration:
Pseudomonas
Peptidoglycans absent in:
Archaeo bacteria
The cell wall is absent in:
Mycoplasma
Primarily involved in conjugation between bacterial cells
Pili
Bacterial pathogenicity is due to;
Slime
The bacteria which can grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen is called:
Facultative Bacteria
The cell walls of Archeaobacteria do not contain;
Peptidoglycan
Which one of the following is not found in all bacteria?
Capsule
The cell walls of most bacteria have a unique macromolecule called:
Peptidoglycan
Mesosomes are internal extensions of the;
Cell membrane
Which is a microaerophilic bacterium?
Campylobacter
Prokaryotic cells have small-sized ribosomes as compared to eukaryotic cells with the units:
The 70S
Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?
Capsule
Important vectors in modern genetic engineering techniques are:
Plasmid
Which one of the following requires a low concentration of oxygen:
Campylobacter
Cysts are dormant, thick-walled, desiccation-resistant forms and develop during:
Differentiation of vegetative cells
First discovered antibiotic is:
Penicillin
Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs by:
Binary fission
The rapid phase of growth of bacteria is:
Log
The thick-walled reproductive cells of cyanobacteria are called;
Akinete
Bacteria increase in number by asexual mean of replication;
Binary fission
Bacteria prepare themselves for division during:
Lag phase
Bacteria divide at an exponential rate during:
Log phase
The antibiotic which causes permanent discolouration of teeth in young children is:
Tetracycline
Conjugation in bacteria is promoted by the structure;
Pili
Reserve food material in cyanobacteria is:
Glycogen
_________is a poisonous mushroom whose gills glow in dark
Jack-O’lantern
When cocci form long chain of cells then arrangement is called
Streptococci
It is known as phase of no growth
Lag phase
The growth of bacterial cells occurs by
Binary fission
Bacteria cannot survive in a highly salted pickle because of
Plasmalysis and killing
Antibiotics are mostly obtained from
Bacteria
Plasmids are
Circular DNA
Some Complex bacterial cells have
Mesosomes
The uniqueness of bacterial photosynthesis is because it can occur
Without light
Gram Positive Bacteria differ from Gram Negative bacteria in the structure of their
Cell wall
Vibrio cholera belongs to which category
Spirochete
Bacteria which need oxygen but can also live in the absence of oxygen are
Facultative anerobes
The flagella of bacteria are composed of
Flagellin
Conjugation introduces ______ in bacterial population
New traits
Coma shaped bacteria are
Vibrio
Nitrogen fixing organism which can be symbiotic is
Rhizobium
Bacterial ribosomes lie in/on
Cytoplasm
Which of the following are the smallest bacteria
E. coli
True Pili are present in_______bacteria
Gram Negative
Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due to the presence of
Slime
Plasma membrane and everything in it is called
Protoplast
In bacteria which of the following structure is responsible for drug and insect resistance
Plasmid
Cyclosporine is used to lower
Immune system
The first eukaryote to be used by genetic engineer was
Yeast
Bacteria produce spore in ______ phase
Decline phase
Respiratory enzymes in bacteria are present in
Mesosome
A fungal origin drug used against bacterial infections is
Penicillin
One of the following is not correct about lysogeny
Master slave relation
Bacteria present in canned foods is
Clostridium botulinum
Bacteria that live in intestine and produce vitamin K belongs to
Bacillus
Dormant thick walled desiccation resistant body
Cyst
All are chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria except
Rhizobium
In five kingdom classification unicellular, colonial and non nucleated bacteria placed in
Monera
The Moneran devoid of cell wall is
Mycoplasma
Largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called as
Streptococci
Primary gram’s stain is
Crystal Violet
Archaebacteria lack in their structure/ composition
Peptidoglycan
Bacterial plasma membrane is not involved in
Maintenance of cell shape
All are the characteristics of Gram Positive Bacteria except
State pink with primary dye
Resistance against antibiotics is mainly increasing because of
Misuse of antibiotics
Chemotherapeutic agent is/are
Antibiotic
Cell envelope of a bacterium does not involve
Plasma membrane
Bacterial membrane differ from Eukaryotic membrane as the lack
Cholesterol
Feulgen stain is specifically used to identify
DNA
What is not true about bacterial spore
Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells
What is true about antibiotics
Can also be synthesized in laboratory
The smallest knwon bacteria are;
Mycoplasma
The shape of the bacterium is in between a typical coccus and a bacillus, so the shape of bacterium is:
Coccobacillus
Bacteria which is helically curved rod is;
Spirillum
Eight cocci in a single plane will ofrm;
Streptococci
One, which is not presen in bacterial cels?
Microtub
Number of major layers in cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is/are:
2
Which of the folowing is correct sequence of events of binary fission in bacteria?
Cell enlargment>Chromosome duplication>Plasma membrane invagination
Exchange of genetic material between two bacteria via formation of cytoplasmic bridge is called;
Conugation
Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs thorugh:
Binary fission
The process in which DNA of a bacteria cell is transferred into another bacterial cell by a virus us known as;
Transduction
Process which kills bacteria as well as spores is called:
Sterilization
Dry heat causes killing of germs by:
Oxidation of their chemicals
Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;
Disinfection
A procedure to eliminate possibility of infection;
Antispetics
Literal meaning of antibiotics is:
Against life
Antibiotics may not be produced by:
Bacteriophage
Bacterium which is helically curved rod is:
Spirillum
Eight cocci in a sinlge plane will form;
Streptococci
Cell wall of archaeobacteria does not contain:
Peptidoglycan
Bacterial cell envelope is a complex of layers external to;
Cell protoplasm
Cell envelop does not inclde:
Spore
Feulgen stain is used in study of bacterial;
DNA
Cytoplasmic matrix of bacterial cell contains;
Plasmids
Number of major layers in cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is/are:
2
Bacteria that get nutrition from other organisms and causes diseases in them are;
Parasitic
Vitamin K producing bacteria are present in;
Colon
Bacteria which can grow either in presence or absence of oxygen are called;
Facultative Bacteria
Even a small amount of oxygen is toxic for;
Spirochete
It is a phase of bacterial growth where death rate is equal to rate of reproduction:
Stationary Phase
Bacterial spores are usually formed during:
Decline phase
asexual reprodcution in bacteria occurs thorugh;
Binary Fission
Bacterial growth can be seen in al phases except;
Lag phase
It causes destruction of all life forms:
Sterilization
First antibiotic was obtained from;Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;
Fungi
Water purification of pond by chlorination is an example of;
Disinfection
A procedure to eliminate possibility of infection:
Antiseptics
Effect that instanlty kills microbes is;
Microbicidal
Which of the following is more ancient than others?
Blue-Green algae
Reserve food material in cyanobacteria:
Glycogen
Genetic recombination in bacteria leads to variation Which process leads to genetic recombination through bacterial pili?
Conjugation
Which process in bacteria always allows chromosomal and non-chromosmal DNA transfer?
Binary Fission
Hydrogen donor in photosynthesis of purple sulphur bacteria is:
H2S
Bacteria that convert nitrates into free nitrogen are:
Denitrifying
Which is not the part of bacterial cell membrane?
Sterol
Which of the following structure is not present in all bacteria?
Capsule
In bacteria, the respiratory enzymes are situated in the part of:
Cell Membrane
The main difference between Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria resides in their:
Cell Wall
The germ theory of disease was put forth by:
Koch
Uncoating of HIV viron occurs:
In cytoplasm of the host cell
Bacteria were discovered by:
A.V. Leuwenhoek
Smallest organisms capable of growth, division and reproduction are:
Mycoplasma
A bacterium with flagella all around is:
Peritrichous
Bacterium lack alternation of generations because there s:
Neither syngamy nor reduction division
Gram stain represents:
A technique for staining bacteria and developed by Gram
All are the characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria except:
➡High content of peptidoglycan❌
➡High permeability❌
➡Teichoic acid is present❌
➡Stain pink with primary dye✅
Which is not true for bacterial cell walls?
Not antigenic
Flagella are basically composed of:
Protein
Bacteria differ from viruses in:
Having well deined cytoplasm
It is responsible for drug and insect resistance in bacteria:
Plasmid
Pili are appendages of:
Bacteria
Bacterial plasmids are:
Circular ds DNA
A bacterium divides every 36 minutes. If a culture containing 10^5 cells/ml is grown for 180 minutes, what will be the cell concentration after that period?
32 x 10^5
Ribosomes of E.coli are:
70S
Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the human gut?
K
Harmful substances released by bacteria are:
Toxins
What is false about pili?
True pili present in Gram positive bacteria
The smallest known bacteria are devoid of cell wall and are included in the genus:
Mycoplasma
The size of cocci is measured in:
Single Dimension
The term ‘pleomorphic bacteria’ is used to represent the bacteria having:
Variable Genome
Pseudomonas is an example of:
Bacilli
What is the term used for the arrangement of bacteria shown in the following diagram?
Streptococci
Which of the following statement is false?
➡Bacterial cell membrane lacks sterols❌
➡Cell wall of bacteria is inner to the cell membrane✅
➡Pili are involved in conjugation❌
➡Gram-positive bacteria have thicker cell walls than gram-negative bacteria❌
The cytoplasm of bacteria differs from that of a common eukaryotic cell in having:
Gel-like consistency as a whole
Bacteria which rarely show chemotaxis are:
Cocci
Teichoic acid is associated with:
Cel wall of gram positive bacteria
It is a part of the intracellular matrix of the bacterial cells:
Basal body
Feulgen stain is used to dye bacterial:
Chromatin Body
A bacterial cell unlike cells of eukaryotic organism lacks all except:
Flagella
Peptidoglycan is present in the cell wall of all of the followig bacteria except:
Archaeobacteria
It protects the bacterial cell from osmotic lysis:
Cell Wall
Which statement is true about bacterial cell membranes?
Bacterial cell membrane is involved in cellular respiration
Bacteria are sad to be haploid because they:
Have a single chromosomes
Approximately ___ species of bacteria are human pathogens.
200
It causes coagulation of bacterial prtoeins:
Moist Heat
In the physical control of bacteria, __ is used for heat-sensitive compounds.
Microwave oven
Antiseptics are used to control bacteria in/onn:
Living Tissues
____ used the attenuated culture of bacteria as a vaccine.
L. Pasteur
Gamma rays are commonly used for:
Sterilization
Bacteria are considered primitive to fungi due to the lack of:
True Nucleus
It is a cube of eight cocci:
Sarcina
They are primarily involved in mating process between cells:
Conjugation
The cell wall of bacteria is composed of:
Murein
Chemotaxis and motility are not shown by most of the:
Cocci
Bacterial plasmids carry genes for:
➡Drug Resistance
➡Fertility Factor
➡Heavy Metal Resistance
It is the structure present in all bacteria:
Ribosomes
Mycoplasma resemble bactera in their:
Nature of DNA and Ribosomes
In bacterial cell, electron transport system occurs in its:
Plasma Membrane
How many bacterial cells will be produced in 4 hours, if the bacterium is dividng every 30 minutes?
256
A higher amount of murein occurs in the cell wall of:
Gram-positive bacteria
E.coli is:
Haploid
Some bacteria are not easily killed by antibiotics or heat treatment because of their:
Capsule or Endospores
Plasmid DNA of Escherichia coli has been used extensively in:
Recombinatn DNA technology
Which one of the following is common waste material in bacteria?
Acetic acid
In bacteria, sex is determined by presence of:
F-Factor
Teichoic acid is found in cell wall of:
Gram positive fforms
The flagella of bacterial cell consists of:
Helically arranged protein molecules
All of the following are included in bacterial appendages except:
basal Body
antibiotics, seras, hormones etc. can be sterilized by means of:
Membrane Filtration
Sterilization is done by:
Autoclaving
During the pasteurization process, milk is heated to 71.7º C for:
15 seconds only
Antibiotics can act on all of these parts of bacteria except:
Histone Proteins
Endospore formation occurs in:
Bacillus Forms
Broad spectrum antibiotics are one which attack:
A wide range of pathogens
Which of the following types of cells utilize DNA as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
Bacteria
In bacteria, DNA will be found in:
The nucleoid
The cell walls of most bacteria have a unique macromolecule called:
Peptidoglycan
The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell lacks membrane-bound organelles and:
Cytoskeleton
The nuclear material or DNA in abcterial cells is a single, ircular and:
Double Stranded
Christian Gram developed the technique of:
Gram Staining
The cell walls of archaeobacteria are ___.
➡Proteins
➡Glycoprotiens
➡Polysaccharides
The plasma membrane and everything present within is known as:
Protoplast
The cell membrane invaginates into the ___ cytoplasm forming a structure called:
Mesosome
Most of the bacilli and spiral-shaped bacteria have:
Flagella
Nucleoid is visible in the light microscope after staining with:
Feulgain stain
Mesosomes are involved in:
DNA replication and Cell Division
A slippery outer covering in some bacteria that protects them from phagocytosis by host cells is:
Slime
A shiny, sticky colony of Streptococcus pneumonia is likely to be:
Encapsulated and Pathogenic
When flagella are distributed all around a bacterial cell, the arrangement is called:
Peritrchous
Because penicillin prevents peptidoglycan sytnehsis, it is more effectve on __ cells.
Gram Negative Bacteria
Flagella and pili are made of:
Protein
The bacterial envelope includes all of the following structures except:
Endospore
All of the following structures of bacteria contain protein except:
Plasmids
Which of the following contains polysaccharide?
Gram Negative Cell Wall
Endospores are all for the following except __ as coapred to vegetative cells:
More resistant to staining
What is a cluster of polar flagella called?
Lophotrichous
Flagella in bacteria enable them to:
Locomote
This is analogous to mesosomes of bacteria:
Mitochondria of eukaryotes
The iodine is used as ___ in the gram staining technique.
Mordant
Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall and are therefore resistant to penicillin?
Mycoplasmas
In gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan makes ___ of dry weight in some bacterial cells:
50%
The overall thickness of the gram-negative type of cell wall is:
8-11 nm
The genetic system is located in the prokaryotes in:
➡Nucleoid
➡Chromatin
➡Nuclear material
The cooci which form bunch and irregular pattern are:
Staphyloccoci
Bacteria range in size from about ___ over a single dimension.
0.1 to 600 μm
Smallest of the bacteria belong to:
Mycoplasma
Staphylococci and Streptococci are __ in diameter
0.75 - 1.25μ
Sarcina has ___ cocci.
8
Bacteria that show growth in 3 dimensions in regular planes are called:
Sarcina
Structure present in almost all bacteria but not in all bacteria:
Cell Wall
Gram-negative bacteria are stained pink. This is because they retain secondary dye.
Pink
Gram-negative retain secondary dye which is:
Saffranine
Approximately ___ species of bacteria are known to cause diseases in humans:
200
In gram-negative bacteria, peptidoglycan makes ___ of the total dry weight of their cell walls.
10%
