UNIT#03 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Flashcards
1
Q
The sum of all chemical reactions taking place within a cell is called:
A
Metabolism
2
Q
Which one of the following is an example of an anabolic (formation of large molecules from smaller ones) process?
A
Photosynthesis
3
Q
A mammalian cell contains 1.1 per cent:
A
RNA
4
Q
The most abundant organic compounds of a cell are:
A
➡Water:70%
➡Proteins:18%
➡Carbohydrates:4%
➡Lipids:3%
5
Q
In bacterial cells, the water percentage is:
A
70%
6
Q
The most organic compounds in the mammalian cell:
A
Proteins
7
Q
How many bio-elements account for 99% of the total mass in a human body?
A
06
8
Q
What is the number of naturally occurring chemical elements?
A
92
9
Q
The percentage of hydrogen in the human body is:
A
10%
10
Q
The percentage of phosphorus in the human body is:
A
1%
11
Q
The amount of Na by weight in the human body is:
A
0.35%
12
Q
The lowest percentage of bioelements in man among the following is:
A
Manganese
13
Q
Which of the following is a trace bio element in the human body?
A
Iodine
14
Q
The elements commonly used in the formation of chemical compounds of living organisms are called bio-elements. Which of the following are trace elements?
A
Copper-Manganese-Zinc-Iodine
15
Q
Water is used during:
A
Hydration
16
Q
The basic elements o all organic compounds are:
A
Carbon
17
Q
Of the following terms, the one that includes all others is:
A
Metabolism
18
Q
Which of the following is a trace element?
A
Copper
19
Q
In catabolic reaction ____ free the ____.
A
➡Proteins
➡Amino acids
20
Q
Which of the following is a chemical link between catabolism and anabolism?
A
ATP
21
Q
Which one is the basic element found in all organic compounds?
A
➡Oxygen
➡Hydrogen
➡Carbon
22
Q
Interconversion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in living cells is an example of:
A
➡Coordinated catabolic activities
➡Coordinated anabolic activities
23
Q
How are high-energy phosphate bonds broken down in ATP?
A
Hydrolysis
24
Q
The branch of biology that deals with the study of chemical components and the chemical processes in the living organism are called?
A
Biochemistry
25
Reactions in which simple substances are combined to form complex substances are called?
Anabolic reactions
26
Water is a very good solvent for substances due to its ___ nature and acts as ____ due to its higher heat capacity.
➡Dipole nature
| ➡Thermo-Stabilizer
27
Due to higher heat capacity and H-bods, water acts as:
Thermo-Stabilizer
28
The water molecules remain attached together and do not separate because of this bonding:
Hydrogen
29
Which property of water plays an important role in the regulation of heat produced by oxidation?
Heat of vaporization
30
If water has a high latent heat of vaporization, how is this property of water produced by oxidation?
Heat of vaporization
31
If water has a high latent heat of vaporization, how this property of water could be helpful to plants and animals
With the release of a small number of water vapours, a great amount of heat loss can take place
32
Which property of water helps to maintain the integrity of lipid membranes?
Hydrophobic exclusion
33
Water acts as a universal solvent because of:
High polarity
34
Water acts as a temperature stabilizer for many organisms in the environment because of its:
High specific heat capacity
35
Ice floats on water due to which property of water:
Low Density
36
Human tissues have 85% water in cells of:
➡Brain:85%
➡Bone:20%
➡Liver:60%
➡Jellyfish:99%
37
Name the tissue that contains about 20% of water:
➡Bone cells
| ➡Seeds
38
The specific heat of vaporization of water is Kcal/kg:
574
39
Calories per gram vaporized are called:
Heat of vaporization
40
Specific heat of vaporization of water is:
574 Kcal/kg
41
What percentage of water is found in brain cells?
85%
42
The attraction between water molecules and the cell wall of the xylem is termed as:
Adhesion
43
In living organisms, the lubricant which provides protection against damage resulting from the friction is?
Water
44
The number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1g of water from 15 to 16C is called:
Specific heat capacity
45
Liposomes are:
➡During carriers
➡Water in the middle
➡Sac of phospholipids
46
The most abundant carbohydrates in nature are:
Cellulose
47
All of the following yield glucose on complete hydrolysis except:
Chitin
| Nitrogen containing polysaccharide
48
Glucose combines with ____ to form milk sugar.
Galactose
49
Formulation of a tri-saccharide involves the release o ___ water molecule.
2
50
How many carbon atoms are present inside the ring of fructose
4
| 2 Carbon atoms are present outside the ring on 1st Carbon and 6th Carbon
51
Which of the following polysaccharide is present in human muscles abundantly?
Glycogen
52
Pick the odd one out:
➡Galactose (Monosaccharide)
➡Cellulose (Polysaccharide)
➡Agar (Polysaccharide)
➡Pectin (Polysaccharide)
53
Which of the following carbons are present outside the ring of fructose?
1st Carbon and 6th Carbon
54
Which of the following sugars is the sweetest?
Fructose
55
In a disaccharide, if carbon atoms are 12 then how many OH groups will be present?
8
56
Which of the following is non-reducing disaccharide sugar?
Sucrose
(➡All polysaccharides are non-reducing
➡All monosaccharides are reducing)
57
Which of the following sugar is mainly present in human blood?
Glucose
58
The simplest monosaccharide containing keto group is:
Dihydroxyacetone
(Aldo Group:➡Glyceraldehyde➡Glucose
➡Ribose)
59
The compounds which, on hydrolysis, yield polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone sub-units are
Carbohydrates
60
Which of the following type of carbohydrates has high molecular weight and is sparingly soluble in water?
Polysaccharide
61
A glycosidic bond is formed by the:
removal of water
62
Starch is present in tubers, fruits and grains but absent in animal cells. Instead animals have a substance stored in liver and muscles known as;
Glycogen
63
The covalent bond or bridge between two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide is called a:
Glycosidic bond
64
Which is an example of a disaccharide?
Lactose
65
____ is stored in animal cells
Glycogen
66
The bond that is formed between two monosaccharide units is called:
Glycosidic bond
67
The pure form of cellulose is:
Cotton
68
The best example of polysaccharide which is stored in animals is called:
Glycogen
69
C5H10O4 is the formula of:
Deoxyribose sugar
70
____ is the storage form of o carbohydrates in animals and humans which is equivalent to the ____ in plants.
➡Glycogen
| ➡Starch
71
Monosaccharides have a general formula represented by:
Cn(H2O)n
72
___ are the major sites for the storage o glycogen in an animal's body.
➡Muscle
| ➡Liver
73
Chitin is a :
Polysaccharide
74
Which of the following is an instant source of energy in a living organism, like glucose?
Cx(H2O)y
75
All are characteristics of monosaccharides except:
Digestion by amylase enzyme
76
Which of the following sugars is/are components of nucleic acid?
Pentose
77
Which of the following kinds of atoms does not occur in carbohydrates?
Phosphorus
78
The substance which on hydrolysis yields polyhydroxy aldehyde or Ketone sub-units
Carbohydrates
79
The covalent bond between two monosaccharides is called:
Glycosidic bond
80
Carbohydrates are organic molecules and contain three elements:
➡Carbon
➡Hydrogen
➡Oxygen
81
A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond and is formed between two ____.
Monosaccharide
82
Which group has all its members reducing sugars?
| (True Carbohydrates are):
Monosaccharides
83
Natural monosaccharides have ____ carbon atoms.
2 to 10
84
Galactose is the component of:
Milk sugar
85
Monosaccharides which are rare in nature and occur in some bacteria:
Tetroses
86
Which one are intermediates in respiration and photosynthesis:
➡Glyceraldehyde
| ➡Dihydroxyacetone
87
Which one is intermediate in bacterial photosynthesis?
Erythrulose
88
Fructose is a 6-C monosaccharide and has ____ cornered ring.
5
89
Which one is not a penultimate carbon in the following structures?
C-4 in galactose
90
The 3-D structure is _____ structure.
Haworth Projection
91
If -OH is present upward on C-1 then it is known as:
β-sugar.
92
Glucose has ____ number of stereoisomers.
16
93
These stereoisomers which have different arrangements of -H and -OH groups at only one asymmetrical carbon atom are called:
Epimers
94
When glucose molecules are combined to form a molecule o maltose, the formula of maltose is not C12H24O12 because:
Dehydration synthesis takes place
95
β-1,4-glycosidic linkage is found in:
Lactose
96
_____- is an intermediate disaccharide produced during the breakdown of starch and glycogen.
Maltose
97
Milk sugar is found ______ % in human milk.
5-8%
98
In the free state, glucose is present in:
Dates
99
Animals obtain carbohydrates mainly from:
Starch
100
The chief of carbohydrates mainly from:
Starch
101
Starches with iodine give colour:
Blue
102
Which of the following gives blue colour with iodine:
Starch
103
Cellulose is:
Polysaccharides
104
Which one of the following is not a polysaccharide:
Wax
105
Which one of the following is not a polysaccharide:
Lactose
106
The most abundant carbohydrate/ the common polysaccharide in nature is:
(Cotton is the pure form of)
Cellulose
107
Glycogen is an example of:
Polysaccharides
108
What percentage of glucose is normally found in human blood?
0.08
109
The covalent bond between two monosaccharide sub-units is called:
Glycosidic bond
110
Which of the following cannot be hydrolyzed?
Monosaccharide
111
Animal starch is called:
Glycogen
112
It is not a monosaccharide:
Sucrose
113
Sucrose is present in:
Sugar cane
114
It is _____ is valuable for diabetic control.
Green vegetables
115
Glycogen is most abundantly present in:
➡Liver
| ➡Muscles
116
Which of the following is soluble in hot water?
Amylose
117
Glucose is also called:
Dextrose
118
A glycosidic bond is present between:
Monosaccharides
119
Which of the following is a trisaccharide?
Raffinose
120
Glycogen on hydrolysis gives
Glucose
121
Cellulose on hydrolysis yields:
β D-Glucose
122
Carbohydrate catabolism is concerned with the fate of:
Glucose
123
A complex substance that on hydrolysis yields polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone sub-units is called:
Carbohydrates
124
Which one gives a blue colour
Starch
125
To synthesise 10g of glucose, how much energy is essentially required?
717KCal
126
Glycogen is present in all bodies except
Blood
127
α 1-4 glycosidic linkage is present in:
Maltose
128
The 5 carbon sugar present in the heart muscle is :
Lyxose
129
Which is true regarding the open chain structure of glucose?
There are four asymmetric carbon
130
Rarely occurring monosaccharides observed in some bacteria are?
Tetroses
131
In the molecular formula Cx(H2O)y, the value of x ranges from:
3 to 7000
132
How many monosaccharide units do oligosaccharides yield upon hydrolysis?
➡2
➡5
➡10
133
Which one of the following biomolecules is most abundant in animals?
Glycogen
134
This is non-reducing sugar:
Sucrose
135
What type of atom is a carbon atom?
Tetravalent
136
Which bond provides stability to complex carbohydrate molecules?
C-O
137
Which of the following constitute large organic molecules?
Cellulose
138
These are crystalline, water-soluble, forming pyranose rings
Monosaccharides
139
When the glucose level in the blood comes down, glucose is synthesized from _____.
Glycogen
140
Which are the most physiologically significant disaccharides?
➡Maltose
➡Sucrose
➡Lactose
141
Which of the following is the most complex sugar?
Polysaccharides
142
(CH2O)n is the general formula of:
Monosaccharides
143
The functional group that best represents ketoses is?
CO
144
Unit of carbohydrates is:
Monosaccharide
145
Glycogen is present in all bodies except:
Blood
146
The smallest monosaccharide is:
Triose
147
Ribose is a monosaccharide constituent of many ____.
CoEnzymes
148
How many types of amino acids are present in the cell?
➡170✅
➡20 (Synthesize most of the Protein)
➡25 (Constituent of Protein)
149
A globular protein consisting of more than one polypeptide chain has:
Quaternary Structure
150
A protein having secondary structure possesses:
➡Hydrogen Bonding
| ➡Peptide Bond
151
All of the following are examples of fibrous protein:
➡Silk Fiber
➡Myoglobin
➡Keratin
152
All of the following are examples of fibrous protein except:
➡Myoglobin
153
Which of the following is a complex of globular protein with non-proteinaceous material?
Haemoglobin
| 4 polypeptides forming quaternary structure
154
Muscle haemoglobin (made up of a single polypeptide) possesses:
Tertiary structure
155
_____ are defensive proteins,
Antibodies
| Immunoglobins
156
Proteins of hair, horns, feathers and other skin parts are:
Structural Protein
157
Identify the protein, which cannot be crystallized.
Fibrin
| Fibrous Protein
158
How many peptide bonds are present in an insulin molecule?
49
159
Usually, a polypeptide chain bends and folds upon itself to form a globular shape. This is proteins:
Tertiary Conformation
160
Which level of protein structure maintains the helix shape of enzymes?
Secondary
161
Which one of the following is used in the synthesis of nucleic acid, hormones, co-enzyme and amino acid for protein synthesis?
Carbon
162
Enzymes are molecules of one of the following groups of biomolecules. Mark the correct answer which can also be defined as a biological catalyst:
Protein
163
Which molecular structure of the enzyme is essential for the activity of the enzyme?
```
Tertiary structure
(Globular Enzymes)
```
164
The secondary structure of a protein is found in:
Keratin
| Fibrous Protein
165
The number of amino acids that have been found to occur in cells and tissues is:
170
166
Most proteins are made up of type o amino acids:
20
167
The backbone of amino acid is comprised of:
C-C-N
168
Bonds present in alpha-helix are:
| 3.6 amino acids in each turn
Hydrogen Bonding
169
The sequence of amino acids is important in:
Primary Structure
170
Which of the following holds the alpha helix of protein in its place?
Hydrogen Bond
171
The number and sequence of amino acids along a polypeptide chain is called the structure of a protein.
Primary
172
Most proteins are made up of:
20 types of amino acids
173
The structure of fibrous protein comprises polypeptide chains in the form of:
Long strands of fibrils
174
In glycine, 'R' is:
Hydrogen
175
The number and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is known as its _____.
Primary Structure
176
Which type of bond is required to maintain the alpha helix configuration of a protein?
Hydrogen Bonds
177
Which of the following is a protease?
| Enzyme that cleaves peptide bonds
Renin
| action on milk protein: converts caseinogen to casein
178
The number of types of amino acids that are found to occur in cells is:
170
179
The amino acids are mainly different from each other due to the type and nature of:
R-Group
180
A peptide bond is a :
C-N link
181
Which term we will use when the two amino acids join each other
Dipeptide
182
A protein molecule may have ____ amino acids.
51 to 3000
183
The DNA sequence for sickle cell anaemia patients is:
CAT
184
The genetic basis between sickle cell anaemia and normal haemoglobin was first determined by:
Vernon Ingram
185
Myoglobin is an example of ____ protein.
Globular
186
The sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule was determined by:
Sanger
187
The alpha chain of haemoglobin has amino acids?
141
188
The helical shape of a polypeptide is due to its presence within the molecule:
Hydrogen Bond
189
Each turn of the alpha helix contains ____ residues of amino acids.
3.6
190
Which type of bond is not formed in maintaining the tertiary structure of proteins:
Hydrophobic portion
191
Haemoglobin is a:
Globular protein
192
Keratin is an example of fibrous protein present in:
➡Nail
| ➡Hair
193
The amino acid not found in proteins is:
Beta-alanine
194
The high content of which amino acid confers resistance, stability and insoluble to hairs, nails and skin:
Cysteine
195
Which structure of protein gives information about the folding of a protein?
Tertiary Structure
196
The protein contains bonds:
Peptide bonds
197
Does protein constitute what percentage of the total dry weight is found in cells?
50
198
Which structural organization is most common in globular protein?
Tertiary Structure
199
An enzyme containing 2 chains of the polypeptide has:
➡Primary
➡Secondary
➡Tertiary
➡Quaternary
200
Word protein is derived from:
Greek
201
Keratinized epithelium is present in:
Skin
202
Which of the molecules is formed by a peptide bond?
➡Ammonia
➡Iron
➡Water
None of these✅
203
Which of the following is not an amino acid?
Lactic acid
204
What are the distinguishing features of fibrous proteins?
➡Elastic
| ➡Non-Crystalline
205
Avidin is a protein that:
Binds egg white with biotin
206
The molecular basis of sickle cell anaemia was found by:
F.Sanger
207
What are the main distinguishing features of globular proteins?
➡Crystalline
| ➡Functional
208
Antibodies play an important role against microorganisms and other pathogens which type of proteins do they belong?
➡Globular
| ➡Functional
209
Proteins are the polymers of?
Amino acids
210
What type of protein is Fibrin?
Structural
211
The total number of amino acids that have been found in tissues and cells is?
170
212
What are the distinguishing features of fibrous proteins?
➡Non-Crystalline
| ➡Elastic
213
An insulin molecule is made up of how many polypeptide chains?
2
214
It is a protein in nature:
Ligase
215
In glycine, the R group of amino acids is replaced by:
CH2
216
What type of bonding in proteins maintains the integrity of the helical secondary structure?
Hydrogen Bonds
217
How many bond/s are in a dipeptide?
1
218
Vegetative source of protein:
➡Soyabean
| ➡Pulses
219
Which structure of protein gives information about the number and sequence of amino acids?
Primary structure
220
The globular structure of a protein is due to:
Tertiary Structure
221
Most abundant protein in blood:
Haemoglobin
222
Abundant protein in the human body :
Collagen
223
Coagulated protein is:
➡Insoluble
➡Non-Folded
➡Non-functional
224
How many types of amino acids form proteins in the human body?
20
225
Proteins are polymers of:
Amino acids
226
A number of essential amino acids are?
9
227
Which of the following is an important secondary structure in proteins?
➡α-helix
| ➡β-pleated sheets
228
Enzymes that are an integral part of ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of which of the following molecules?
Protein
229
It is an amino acid and also part of phospholipid:
Serine
(amino acid and phospholipid)
➡Choline, Ethanolamine: Nitrogenous base found only in phospholipids
➡Aspartic acid: Amino acid
230
The Myelin sheath of a neuron is composed of:
Sphingolipids
231
How many double bonds is present in the R-group of oleic acid?
1
232
Which of the following cannot form a biopolymer?
Fatty acid
233
If in lipids there is a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acid, then it will be:
OIls
234
Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?
Oleic acid (Unsaturated Fatty Acids
➡Butyric acid, Stearic acid, Palmitic acid
(Saturated Fatty Acids)
235
Sara is a chemistry student who is carrying out an experiment between alcohol and acetic acid in the laboratory. The product formed at the end of the experiment will be:
➡An ester
| ➡Water molecule
236
Lipids contain double the amount of energy as compared to the same amount of carbohydrates due to the presence of:
A higher proportion of C-H bonds
237
Lipids are organic molecules which are insoluble in;
Water
238
What type of linkage is formed when an alcohol and an acid react?
Ester bond
239
Lipids store doubles the amount of energy as compared to carbohydrates because of:
A higher proportion of CH
240
The head of the phospholipid molecule is polar (hydrophilic) due to:
Phosphate
241
Which of the following is the most prominent part of cell membranes in living organisms?
Phospholipids
242
An organic compound that belongs to lipids:
C57H110O6
| Lipids are organic compounds that have a very less amount of oxygen
243
It is the precursor of bile acids?
Steroids
244
Lipase can hydrolyze them:
Triglycerides
245
The heterogeneous group of compounds related to fatty acids is called:
Lipid
246
Fats and oils have a specific gravity of about:
0.8
247
Fatty acids are components of lipids. Unsaturated fatty acids contain _____ double bonds.
Up to six
248
Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?
Oleic acid (Unsaturated Fatty Acids
➡Butyric acid, Stearic acid, Palmitic acid
(Saturated Fatty Acids)
249
Phosphatidylcholine is one the most common.
Phospholipid
250
Terpenoids are an important group of chromosomes that are made up of simple repeating units
Isoprenoid
251
Which one of the folwing is not a lipid?
Chitin
252
Lipids that act as chemical messengers are
Steroids
253
Prostaglandins are derived from
Arachidonic acid
254
Poly-terpene is:
Rubber
255
Which one is a synthetic wax
Paraffin
256
A nitrogen base among these is:
Choline
257
Steroids contain 4-rings with:
17-C
258
A fatty acid is composed of___.
An acid group at one end
259
A compound produced as a result of the chemical reaction of an alcohol with an acid in which water molecule is released is called?
Neutral Lipid
260
Serine is a component of:
Phospholipid
261
Choline is a component of:
Phospholipid
262
Sterols are;
Lipid
263
Steroids are naturally:
Lipids
264
These are the properties of lipids:
➡Insoluble in water and soluble in fat solvent
➡High energy content
➡Strcutural component of cell membrane
265
Fatty acids containing 18 atoms and a single double bond are:
Oleic acid
266
Which of the following is a phospholipid?
Lecithin
267
Lipids are soluble in which of the following solvents?
➡Ether
| ➡Inroganic Solvents
268
Lipids have great functional significance in the human body. What are the main functions of lipids?
➡Energy source
➡Strcutrue of membrane
➡Mechanical Protection
269
Lecithin contains ____.
Choline
270
Hydrophilic substances are ___ and hydrophobic substances are ___.
➡Water loving, Water earing
➡Polar, Non-polar
➡Solble in water, Soluble in lipid
271
A triglyceride is:
Lipid
272
Nitrogenous bases such as choline and seine are a significant part of which of the following?
Phospholipids
273
Saponification number describes ___.
Acid number
274
Lipids show solubility in which of the following solvents?
Ether
275
Essential fatty acids show all the characters except ___.
Blood clotting factors
276
Fatty acid contains:
➡Carboxylic Groups
| ➡Alkyl Groups
277
In water, hydrophobic interactions of phospholipids are:
In tails
278
Liposomes are:
➡Vesicles
➡Have water
➡Drug carriers
279
Glycerol is a component of:
➡Acylglycerols
| ➡Phospholipids
280
Oils are:
➡Unsaturated fatty acids
281
Conjugated histone proteins are:
Structural and regulatory
282
All of the following are conjugated molecules except:
Phospholipids
283
Most of the cellular secretions are:
Glycoproteins
284
Type of conjugated molecules present in ribosomes
Nucleoprotein
285
Which is not a conjugated molecule?
Polysaccharide
286
Most of the cellular secretions are in nature:
Glycoproteins
287
Conjugated histone proteins are;
➡Strcutural
| ➡Regulatory
288
Nucleohistones are present in:
Chromosomes
289
Lipoproteins rich in cholesterol are:
LDL
290
HDL is synthesized in:
Adipose tissue
291
Which of the following statement is not true for compounds like glycoprotein and glycolipids?
Both are produced and secreted by the endoplasmic reticulum
292
The basic framework structure of all types of membranes are:
Lipoproteins
293
Glycosphingolipids are made up of:
➡Carbohydrate
| ➡Sphingolipids
294
All of the following biomolecules are nutritious except:
Nucleic acids
295
It contains a nitrogenous base:
ATP
296
Nucleo-histones are present in:
Chromosomes
297
Phsophodiester bond is:
C-O-P-O-C
298
Which o the following is the constituent of the RNA molecule?
Ribonucleic acid
299
Types of RNA that are used to start the process of replication in the prokaryotic cell:
Primers
300
Which of the following type of RNA is catalytic in nature?
Ribozyme
301
the compound formed by the combination of a nitrogen base and a pentose sugar is called;
Nucleoside
302
Who used the technique of X-ray diffraction to determine the structure of DNA?
Wilkins and Franklin
303
Which of the following combination of base pairs is absent in DNA?
A-U
304
The two strands in the DNA are coiled to each other:
Site of protein synthesis
305
Which bond has more energy than the rest:
~
306
Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?
Phsophdiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken
307
RNA is syntheisied and stored in:
Nucleus
308
The mRNA of the total cellular RNA is about:
3-4%
309
Messenger RNA is important in protein synthesis because it:
Carries the code from DNA to the ribosome
310
The percentage of ribosomal RNA in the cell is:
80%
311
In tRNA, how many bases show base pairing
20
312
Anticodon is made by which loop of tRNA
Middle
313
How many total tRNAs are identified?
60
314
Amino acid attaches to tRNA at ____ end.
3' end
315
How many units of ribosomal RNA are found in each human ribosome
4
316
One similarity between DNA and RNA is that they both contain:
Nucleotide
317
In contrast to eukaryotic mRNA, prokaryotic mRNA:
Can be polycistronic
318
A sample of RNA is sequenced and found to contain 22% adenine. Which of the following conclusions can also be drawn about the sample?
22% Uracil
319
For a protein molecule of 200 amino acids, the mRNA will have a length of how many nucleotides?
6000 nucleotides
320
A most abundant intracellular free nucleotide is:
ATP
321
RNA does not contain:
Thymine
322
Most abundant carbohydrate in nature is
Cellulose
323
All of the following yield glucose on complete hydrolysis except
Chitin
324
Glucose combines with ______ to forms of milk sugar (lactose)
Galactose
325
Formation of a tri-saccharide involves release of _____ water molecule
2
326
How many carbon atoms are present inside the ring of fructose
4
327
Which of the following polysaccharide is present in human muscles abundantly
Glycogen
328
```
Take out the odd one:
cellulose
galactose
Agar
pectin
```
Galactose
329
Which of the following carbons are present outside the ring of fructose
First carbon and 6th carbon
330
Which of the following sugar is most sweet
Fructose
331
In a disaccharide, if carbon atoms are 12 then how many OH groups will be present
8
332
Which of the following is non reducing disaccharides sugar
Sucrose
333
Which of the following sugar is mainly present in human blood
Glucose
334
It is an amino acid and also a part of phospho lipid
Serine
335
Myelin sheath of neuron is composed of
Sphingolipids
336
How many double bond are present in R group of oleic acid
1
337
Which of the following fatty acid is least likely to be found in waxes
Acetic acid
338
Which of the following not form biopolymer
Fatty acid
339
Hemoglobin carries _____ oxygen atoms
8
340
How many kinds of amino acids are present in the cell
170
341
Which of the following amino acid is next to glycine with respect to molecular structure
Alanine
342
Global protein consisting of more than one polypeptide chain belongs to
Quarternary structure
343
A protein having secondary structure possesses
Both hydrogen bonding and peptide Bond
344
All of the following are examples of fibrous proteins except
Myoglobin
345
Which of the following is a complex of globular protein with non proteinaceous material
Haemoglobin
346
Muscle hemoglobin possesses
Tertiary structure
347
_____are defensive proteins
Antibodies
348
Proteins of hair, horns, feathers and other skin parts are
Structural protein
349
Identify the protein which cannot be crystallized
Fibrin
350
How many peptide bonds are present in an insulin molecule
49
351
Usually a polypeptide chain bends and folds upon itself to form a globular shape. This is protein`s
Tertiary confirmation
352
All of the following biomolecules are nutritious except
Nucleic Acids
353
It contains nitrogenous base
ATP
354
Which of the following not yield phosphorus on hydrolysis
Nucleoside
355
Which of the following do not contain phosphodiester Bond
ATP
356
Nucleic acid is
Polymer and macro molecule
357
Water is a very good solvent for the substan due to its _______ nature and act as _____ due to its higher heat capacity
Dipole nature, thermo-stabilizer
358
Due to higher heat capacity and hydrogen bonds, water act as
Thermostabilizer
359
Coenzymes are closely related to
Vitamins
360
The effect of reversible competitive inhibitor can be neutralized by increasing the concentration of
Substrate
361
Function of succinate dehydrogenase is aided by
FAD+
362
Prosthetic groups are
Organic molecules
363
Optimum PH value for pancreatic lipase is
9
364
ES complex is converted into product by
Catalytic site
365
Optimum pH of enterokinase is
Slightly acidic
366
Allosteric enzymes have _____ major sites
2
367
Which of the following properties of amino acid is affected by a change in pH
Ionization of amino acids
368
Change in temperature from 30 degree Celsius to 40 degree celsius in Human body will cause
First increase then decrease in rate of reaction
369
These are most abundant organic compounds to be found in cells
Proteins
370
What does the hemoglobin molecule contain
For polypeptide chains each with one attached haem group
371
All of the following elements are present in all carbohydrates except
Nitrogen
372
Which term most appropriately describes catalase, collagen and haemoglobin
Polypeptides
373
Which property of proteins enables them to act as PH buffers
They contain Carboxylic and amino groups
374
______ has unbranched chains of glucose and is soluble in hot water
Amylose
375
In which molecule Alpha glucose is present
Starch
376
Silk protein is present in
Spiders web
377
All of the following are true about lipids except
They are polymers of fatty acids
378
Property of water important for thermostabilization
Specific heat capacity
379
Evaporation of 2 ml of water lowers the temperature of remaining 998 ml by
1 Degree Celsius
380
Lipids which are abundant in membrane
Phospholipids
381
All are true about ATP except
Contains 3 high energy bonds
382
A DNA fragment contains ACGT nucleotide sequence in one strand. How many hydrogen bonds will it make with other strand
10
383
Adenine and guanine are
Main nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids
384
Secondary Structure of DNA duplex is maintained by
Hydrogen bond
385
Three end of nucleic acids have always a free _______ group
Hydroxyl
386
This is not true about DNA molecule
One groove in each turn
387
Form of polysaccharide stored in bacteria and animals is
Glycogen
388
A structural protein is
Collagen
389
Which of the following are single ring structures
Cytosine, thymine and uracil
390
A famous sugar found in genetic material is
Pentose sugar
391
Nitrogen bases of nucleotides in RNA are attached to
Sugar molecules
392
Cross links of double helix of DNA are formed of
Complementary nitrogen bases
393
Regulatory sites other than active site present over the enzymes are called
Allosteric sites
394
Which one is found only in RNA
Uracil
395
A Monosaccharide is
Ribose
396
The most common carbohydrate monomer is
Glucose
397
Which forms nails, hairs and feathers?
Keratin
398
DNA is directly involved in the synthesis of all except
Protein
399
Immediate source of energy is
Glucose
400
Which one is correct base pairing for DNA molecule
Adenine-Thymine
401
In one strand of DNA, the base sequence is CATGACTAG. what is the base sequence on the other strand?
GTACTGATC
402
Number of oxygen atoms in lipid molecules is always ______ as compared to number of carbon atoms
Less
403
Two amino acid monomers are joined by
Peptide Bond
404
Unsaturated fats are made saturated by
Hydrogenation
405
A peptide chain attains secondary structure through the formation of
Hydrogen bond
406
Specificity of an enzyme is determined by
Charge and shape of active site
407
An activated enzyme consisting of polypeptide Chain and a cofactor is called
Holoenzyme
408
Activators are usually derived from
Metal ions
409
At a certain point where conversion of substrate into product is maximum the enzymes would be
Saturated
410
A three dimensional cavity bearing a specific charge by which enzyme reacts with its substrate is called
Active site
411
Which step causes activation of catalytic site of an enzyme
Formation of ES complex
412
In a naturally occuring chemical reaction, all active sites are occupied, the rate of reaction would be
Constant and maximum
413
All of the following pairs contain keratin except
Muscles and bones
414
Excessive increase in temperature of medium causes the enzyme molecule to be
Denatured
415
Inhibitors are chemically
Metals, organic and inorganic
416
Optimum temperature of enzymes present in human body is
37 degree Celsius.
417
Inhibitors which block the enzyme by forming weak Bond are called
Reversible inhibitors
418
Malonic acid is an example of
Competitive inhibitor
419
Enzymes belong to which class of proteins
Globular
420
Apoenzyme is
Protein part of enzyme
421
Unsaturated fatty acids may contain double bonds between carbon atoms up to
Six
422
The presence of which of the following will cause maximum stability of DNA
Guanine and cytosine base pairs having three hydrogen bonds in between them
423
How many water molecules are consumed during the formation of 1 lecithin molecule
0
424
Number of phosphodiester bonds in ATP molecule
0
425
If DNA of yeast contains adenine 31.3% and guanine 18.7%. The approximate percentage of cytosine would be
17.1
426
Major portion of RNA in the cell is
rRNA
427
Two chains of polynucleotides in DNA are
Complementary
428
Ribose and deoxyribose are different from each other with respect to carbon number
2
429
Breakdwon of complex molecules into simpler one is called:
Catabolism
430
Human tissues contain about 20% water in:
Bone cells
431
Most abundant component of the cell is:
Water
432
Name the process that involves the breakdwon of large molecules into smaller ones utilizing water molecules
Hydrolysis
433
A biochemical test used for detection of reducing sugars is:
Benedict Test
434
The covalent bond between two monosaccharides is called:
Glycosidic bond
435
For the synthesis of 10g glucose, how much solar energy is required:
717.7 Kcal
436
It is a nitrogen containing polysaccharide:
Chitin
437
Which of the following is true about branching natureand nature and solubility of amylose and amyloepctin in hot water:
➡Amylose: Unbranched, Soluble
| ➡Amylopectin: Branched, Insoluble
438
Ratio of hydrogen and oxygen i carbohydrates is:
2:1
439
Number of carbon atoms within the ring of ribo-furanose is:
4
440
Glycosidic bond cannot be found in
Glucose
441
How many oxygen atoms are present in ribofurnaose?
5
442
Which of the following is correct about glucopyranose?
Ring contains 5 carbons
443
Milk sugar is a/an:
Disaccharide
444
It is an esamle f polysaccharide that is soluble in hot water:
Amylose
445
Most abundant carbohydrate in nature is;
Cellulose
446
In quaternary structure, polypeptide chains are aggregated and held together by all of the following except:
Glycosidic linkages
447
It is an example of globular protein:
Fibrinogen
448
Which one of the following molecules contains amino acids?
Collagen
449
Bond that is most sensitive to rise in temperature is:
Hydrogen bond
450
Number of carbon atoms in simplest amino acid are:
2
451
An insulin molecule has 51 amino acids arranged in:
➡2 chains with 21 and 30 amino acids
452
All of the following are exapmles of globular proteins except;
Collagen
453
In sickle cell hemoglobin amino acid is replaced in β chain at sixth position from:
N terminal of protein
454
Why do proteins have a buffering effect in cells?
They are amphoteric
455
Types of atoms present in one molecule of haemoglobin:
6
456
Chemical compounds that are defined on base of physical properties are:
Lipids
457
All of the following commonly contain polymers except:
Lipids
458
High energy substrates for respiration are;
Lipids
459
Which of the ollowing fatty acid is naturally obtained from animal source?
Butyric acid
460
In oleic acid, double bond is found between carbon numbers:
➡9
| ➡10
461
Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid. It is represented as:
C16
462
Waxes contain all of the following except;
Alcohols like glycerol
463
Which of the following is phospholipid:
Lecithin
464
All of the following nitrogenous bases are found in phospholipids except:
Cytosine
465
In a typical molecule, phosphoric acid is attached to pentose sugar at carbon number;
5
466
In a typical nucleotide the nitrogenous base is attached to ___ carbon of pentose
C-1
467
A nucleoside may contain all o the following except;
Phosphoric acid
468
All of these are macromolecules except:
ATP
469
NAD is a dinucleotide and is used in oxidation-reduction reactions as:
Coenzyme
470
A DNA fragment contains ACGG nucleotide sequence in one strand. How many hydrogen bonds will it make with other strand?
11
471
Name the process in which tRNA molceuls are prodcued in cels;
Transcription
472
Length of messenger RNA depends upon:
Size of gene
473
Chromosomes can be classfied as:
Conjugated molecule
474
Conjugated molceules are of ____ significance
Structural and Functional significance
475
Which of the following is correct sequence
➡Protein: 18 (Mammalian Cell)
| ➡Protein: 15 (Bacterial Cell)
476
Water works as temperature stabilizer due to its;
Heat Capacity
477
The amount of heat abosrbed when a liquid changes into gas is expressed as calorie per gram vaporized is called:
Heat of vaporization
478
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 01g of water by 01 degree;
Specific heat capacity
479
Most abundant organic biomolceules in nature is;
Carbohydrates
480
Value of heat capacity of water is :
1.0 cal/g
481
Which o the following properties of water help to maintain internal temperature of body;
high specific heat
482
These are most common monosaccharides;
➡Pentoses
| ➡Hexoses
483
Ring ormed by D-Ribose is:
5 cornered
484
___ C in deoxyribose is devoid of 'OH' as compared to ribose sugar
2'
485
Maltose is formed by combination of;
Glucose + Glucose
486
Surcose on hydrolysis yields:
Glucose and Fructose
487
An improtant sugar occurring only in animals is;
Lactose
488
Structural level that is essential for ormation of globular shape of a protein molecule is;
Tertiary structure
489
In an amino acid which two groups combine to form a peptide link?
1 and 3
490
A protein is always ___ in anture;
Polypeptide
491
An insulin molecule has 51 amino acids arranged in:
2 chains with 21 & 30 amino acids
492
ctional group of fatty acid is;
-COOH
493
melting point of palmitic acid:
63.1 C
494
Number of fatty acid/s present in a phospholipid molecule is/are;
2
495
Foramtion thorugh condensation of which of the following is not associated with release o water:
Carotenoid
496
Which of the following represent high energy bonds in ATP?
Phosphate-Phosphate
497
Which of the following nucleotide is not found in DNA?
d-UMP
498
Phosphodiester linkage is represented by a piar of;
P-O-C
499
Length of messenger RNA depends on:
Size of gene
500
Which of the following conjugated molecule is a conjugated molceule is a major constituent of cell membrane?
Lipo-Proteins
501
Conjugated molceules are of ___ significance:
Structural and functional significance
502
Which of the following conjugated molecule is incorrectly matched?
➡Lipoprotiens ------ Cell membrane❌
➡GlycoProteins ----- Cell surface antigens/receptors❌
➡Gycolipids ---- cell wall✅
➡Nucleic acids ---- chromosomes❌
503
These are the most important group of proteins which are biologically active;
Enzymes
