UNIT#01 BIO-DIVERSITY Flashcards
Which one of the following is a double-stranded virus?
Poxvirus
HIV is classified as;
Retrovirus
The genome of the influenza virus is made up of:
(Influenza virus = Enveloped)
Single Stranded virus
Polio viruses are:
Spherical viruses
Which one is not RNA virus?
➡Small pox❌
➡Influenze Virus❌
➡Mupms and Measles virus❌
➡Polio virus✅
Phylogeny describes a species:
Evolutionary history
Of the following terms, which one includes all the others:
Class
Orders include related;
Families
The basic unit of classification is;
Species
Lions and tigers are different species. The result of the mating of a male tiger and female lion is offspring called Tiglions. They are:
Infertile
Some ranks of classification are listed below. In which group, would there be the greatest similarity between members in terms of structure and function:
Species
Poales is the taxonomic group to which corn (Zea mays) belongs. What is the rank of the taxon Poales?
Order
The biological name of Onion is:
Allium cepa
To accommodate euglena-like organisms and bacteria, Kingdom Protista was proposed by:
Ernst Hackel
An independent organism is discovered that does not contain a nucleus. In all likelihood, I would be classified in the kingdom:
Monera
Eukaryotic multicellular Autotrophs are included in the kingdom:
Plantae
Organelle of symbiotic origin is;
Mitochondrion
Where can viruses replicate?
➡Animals
➡Plants
➡Bacteria
These are the largest animal viruses:
Poxviruses
Viruses do not have:
Fossil record
In plants, tumours are induced due to:
➡Bacteria
➡Virus
➡Fungi
Cell theory does not explain:
Virus
Which of the following has no nucleic acid?
Prions
It is a biological weapon:
Virus
Virus transmission is affected by:
➡Biotic Factors
➡Physical Factors
Viruses are _____ entities between living and non-living.
Transitional
Virus when attacks an unfamiliar organism, it is mutated many times and comes as:
➡More virulent and dangerous
➡More mutated
➡More transmissible
Viruses are classified into many groups on the basis of:
Capsid symmetry
Viruses use which of the following enzyme for the break-down of the bacterial cell walls?
Lysosomes
Viral proteins and genome in the host cell are assembled at:
Cytoplasm
The virus can bud from:
➡RER
➡Golgi Complex
➡Nuclear Envelope
_____ refers to the removal or breakdown of the capsid.
Uncoating
Which viruses enter the host cell as a whole?
Animal Virus
The filterable agents were first purified in 1935 when Stanley was successful in crystallizing the ____
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Tobacco mosaic virus was discovered by:
Iwanowski
Viruses cannot replicate in:
Blood Plasma
Members of which of the following group are all parasites?
Viruses
The volume of bacteriophage is about ____ of the host.
1/1000
It is true for viruses:
No independent metabolic activities
Viruses cannot be grown on artificial cultural media because they are:
Obligate intracellular parasites
Cilia and flagella are absent in:
Viruses
The virus can only survive and reproduce inside a:
Living cells
The branch which deals with the study if the virus is called:
Virology
Viruses are the simplest organisms are:
Are only DNA or RNA particles without cellular
A scientist who first developed the technique of vaccination in 1795:
Edward Jenner
A virion is:
Virus
The capsid is made up of protein sub-units known as:
Capsomeres
Twort in 115 and D’Herelle in 1917 discovered:
Bacteriophages
Bacteriophage replicates only in _____ cell.
Bacterial
Mad cow infections and mysterious brain infections in man are caused:
Prions
The branch that deals with the study of viruses is known as?
Virology
Louis Pasteur made vaccines for:
➡Rabies
➡Anthrax
➡Fowl cholera
According to Iwanowski what are soluble living germs?
Viruses
When was the bacteriophage phenomena rediscovered by D’Herelle?
1917
When were bacteriophages discovered by Twort?
1915
Viruses that were discovered in 1901:
Yellow Fever
Which of the following is composed of nucleic acids only?
Viroid
In Prions, information is carried further through:
Proteins
(Misfolded)
It is present in all the viruses:
Capsid
The component responsible for determination of the shape o the virus is:
Protein sub-units
(Capsid gives shape)
Which of the following is not an essential part of the virus?
Envelope
A virion is a:
Virus
_____ capsomeres are present in the capsid of the herpes virus.
162
The genome of most animal viruses contains:
RNA
In viruses, a combined structure formed by core (Nucleic acid) and capsid is:
Nucleocapsid
The capsid, the protective coat of a virus is made up of sub-units known as capsomeres that are ____ in nature.
Protein
Among followings, ___-enzyme is naturally found in human immunodeficiency virus
Reverse Transcriptase
The genome of a virus is composed of:
➡DNA
➡RNA
Which of the following is not related to an enveloped virus?
➡They survive for a short time❌
➡They are tolerant to antibodies✅
➡Their envelope is sensitive to sunlight❌
➡Enveolpe is derived from host❌
The complete nature and infection virus particle is known as:
Virion
In the lytic cycle o bacteriophage, the phage is regarded as:
Master
The bacteriophage replicates only inside the:
Bacterial cell
The part of bacteriophage that enters the host cell is:
Genome
The bacteriophage attaches itself by its tail to the cell wall of the bacterium at:
Adhering surface
When a virus is in the lysogenic cycle, which of these will occur?
Viral DNA becomes incorporated into the host DNA
The enzyme that is present is present in a virus also:
Dehydrogenase
bacteriophages are:
Virus attacking bacteria
Bacteriophages exhibit life cycles that are:
➡Lytic
➡Lysogenic
Lytic cycle completion occurs about:
25 min
The process in which the phage is called a prophage is termed as:
Lysogeny
Temperate phage may exist as:
Prophage
The enzyme involved in viral replication is synthesized.
By the host cell
it is very stable and allows viruses to exist in water, air or and the ground:
Nucleocapsid
The complete, mature and infections particle is known as:
Virion
The virus is composed of:
➡Nucleic acid
➡Capsid
The protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called:
Capsid
What molecule would you not expect to find in a retrovirus?
Thymine
(Because RNA is not present)
What is the size of Parvovirus?
20nm
The viral DNA or RNA is protected by:
Shell of proteins
What type of virus is the smallpox virus?
DNA enveloped virus
What is the viral nucleocapsid made up of?
➡Genome
➡Capsid
What types of viruses are the poliovirus?
RNA naked virus
Herpes simplexes are caused by which virus?
Herpes virus
What type of virus is the herpes simplex virus?
Herpes virus
The number of capsomeres found in adenovirus capsid is:
252
The number of capsomeres found in herpes virus capsid is;
162
The genome of the virus includes:
➡Deoxyribose acids
➡Ribonucleic acids
Viruses without nuclear envelopes are called:
Naked virus
Which of the following are the main functions of the capsid?
➡Determines the antigenic specificity of the virus
➡Protects genetic material from nuclease attack
Which of the following statements explains why viruses are only able to multiply in living cells?
Viruses do not possess the necessary components for self-replication
A chemical component that is not found in all viruses is;
Lipids
A common polyhedral capsid shape of viruses is:
Icosahedron
Identify the true statement about the virus:
➡Virus was discovered 2 billion years ago❌
➡Viruses came from outer space❌
➡Viruses evolved before bacteria❌
➡Viruses can infect all types of cells✅
The average diameter of large viruses is approximate:
100 to 200nm
What are the sub-units of capsids?
Capsomeres
A viral envelope is composed of:
➡Lipids
➡Proteins
It refers to the final changes within an immature virion that result in an infectious virus particle:
Assembly
All of the following descriptions regarding viral multiplication and nucleic acids are true except that:
➡Viruses contain DNA or RNA, not both❌
➡Viral mRNA, viral tRNA and viral ribosomes are used in viral replication✅
➡Viruses replicate only in living cells❌
➡Viruses use the cell’s biosynthetic machinery to synthesize copies of them❌
Which of the following is not true for a virion?
➡Rperoduce independently✅
➡Contain DNA❌
➡Contain RNA❌
➡Extracellular❌
The protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called:
Capsid
What is the approximate diameter of retroviruses?
100 nm
When a virus enters a cell and incorporates its RNA or DNA into the host DNA, what is this stage called:
Lysogeny
Phage DNA incorporated into host DNA is referred as:
Prophage
Infectious RNA without capsid:
Viroid
What does the size range between?
20 nm to 250 nm
Which of the following statement is not true of viruses?
➡Viruses have been successfully grown in pure cultures in test tubes✅
➡All viruses are obligate intracellular parasites❌
➡All viruses have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material❌
➡Viruses probably arose from small fragments of cellular chromosomes❌
What is the shape of TMV?
Rod
In the nucleus, the ssDNA viral genome is converted to dsDNA by:
DNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase is a useful enzyme to have when:
RNA virus converts its RNA to DNA
What is a provirus?
Integrated viral genome
The function of a viral capsid is?
➡Prtoection against the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction
➡Provind binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host cell
➡Serving as a vehicle of transmission from one host to other
➡
Which of the following virus is enveloped?
Herpes Virus
Which of the following is not a described type of virus?
Virus containing single-strand RNA and single-strand DNA
The size of viruses is usually measured in:
Nanometers
Icosahedral viruses have how many faces?
20
Viruses differ from bacteria by:
Having capsule
It is not true about viruses:
➡Capsid has capsomeres❌
➡Both DNA and RNA together as a genome✅
➡Some are enveloped❌
➡Many infect animals❌
The causative agent of smallpox is:
DNA enveloped virus
Which of the following statements are true about viruses:
Obligate parasites
Which factors may help to determine the antigenicity of a virus?
Capsoemers
Which of the following has the morphology of a helical virus?
TMV
HBV is:
DNA enveloped virus
A structure which is located between the nucleocapsid and the envelope:
Matrix protein
Viroids lack:
Protective protein coat
What type of viruses are the paramyxoviruses?
RNA enveloped viruses
Which of the following viruses possess an envelope?
Herpes virus
What does an icosahedral capsid consist of
HExagonal capsomeres
Viruses are limited in their host range because:
They can only enter cells that have specific receptors
Viruses replicate on their own:
Lack metabolic pathway
It is incorrect about viruses:
➡Acellular structure❌
➡DNA❌
➡RNA❌
➡Metabolism✅
Most commonly, lesions can be seen around the mount, lips and at other skin sites in:
Herpes
Viral inflammation of the parotid gland is commonly associated with:
Mumps
All of the following are viral diseases except:
Tetanus
