UNIT#04 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards
1
Q
Cell theory is not applicable to;
A
Viruses
2
Q
What would be the resolving power of the objective length in a microscope, if the eyepiece is o 10X and the total magnification is 40X?
A
4X
3
Q
The human naked eye can differentiate between two points which are how much apart?
A
0.1mm
4
Q
What is the correct sequence of steps in cell fractionation?
A
Separation, Homogenization, Centrifugation
5
Q
Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells in:
A
Cork
6
Q
Micrographia is a famous publication of;
A
Robert Hooke
7
Q
The presence in the nucleas was reported by:
A
Robert Brown
8
Q
Cell theory was finally formulated by:
A
Schleiden and Schwann
9
Q
The concept “OMNIS cellula-e-cellula” means that new cells are formed from:
A
Pre-existing cells
10
Q
A cell consists of basic components:
A
➡Plasma membrane
➡Centrioles
➡Nucleas
11
Q
Which of the ____ cells store surplus food?
A
Parenchymatous
12
Q
Plant cells are distinguishable from animal cells containing:
A
Cell wall
13
Q
Out of the given options, choose the one which shows the structures found only in plants:
A
Chloroplast, Microtubules, Peroxisomes
14
Q
Pick the correct reference to plant cell
A
➡Mitochondria:✅
➡Peroxisome:✅
➡Centrioles:❌
15
Q
Which features do animal cells share with plant cells?
A
➡Chloroplast:❌
➡Cytoplasm:✅
➡Nucleas:✅
➡Mitochondria:✅
16
Q
The layers of cellulosic fibres in the cell wall are arranged with each other at:
A
Horizontal angle
17
Q
Which of the following is related to the prokaryotic cell wall?
A
Sacculus
(polysaccharide chains forming peptidoglycan and muerin. The entire cell wall is sacculus)
18
Q
It is absent in the secondary cell wall:
A
Cutin
(component of primary wall)
19
Q
In which type of cells, cell wall not present:
A
Fungal cells
20
Q
Cellulose is usually not found in:
A
Middle Lamella
21
Q
Holding neighbouring cells together is a function of:
A
Middle Lamella
22
Q
The cell wall is secreted by the:
A
Protoplasm
23
Q
Chitin is found in the cell wall of:
A
Fungi
24
Q
Which is found in the primary wall:
A
Pectin
25
Which part of cells formed on the inner race of a plant cell at the end:
Secondary cell wall
26
Which is not found in the secondary wall?
Pectin
27
The primary cell wall contains all except:
Lignin
28
Pectin is a polymer of:
Galacturonic acid
29
Cellulose and hemicellulose are found in:
➡Primary cell wall
➡Secondary cell wall
30
_____ hold primary cell walls together
Middle lamella
31
Which component provides the cell wall extra tensile, rigidness and compressional strength
Lignin
32
A cell wall is present only in all organisms except:
Viruses
33
Cellulose is the major component of:
Primary wall
34
The outermost layer in a typical plant cell would be:
Primary cell wall
35
A plant cell wall is mainly composed of which of the following?
Cellulose
36
The first layer of cell wall which is formed is called:
Middle Lamella
37
The secondary cell wall of sclerenchyma is impregnated with:
Lignin
38
The remaining material between adjacent plant cells
Middle lamella
39
Which of the following is a non-living component of a plant cell?
Cell wall
40
The cell wall of fungi contains:
Chitin
41
Components of secondary cell wall:
Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin
42
The cell wall is secreted by:
Protoplast
43
A cell without a cell wall is termed as:
Protoplast
44
The rectangular shape of plant cells is due to;
Cell wall
45
Which has a high affinity for water?
Cellulose
46
All of the following are common molecules in the membrane of all types of cells except:
Traces of carbohydrates
47
The hydrophobic portion of the plasma membrane of all types of cells except:
The inner core of the plasma membrane
48
Wich o the following describes the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane structure?
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
49
In the plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented:
Towards outside
(act as a receptor)
50
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of the animal cell membrane?
Prevent osmotic lysis
51
Which of the following acts as a receptor site on the plasma membrane?
Glycoprotein
52
Which structure is the most important or cellular life?
Cell membrane
(responsible for identity and integrity)
53
The intake of liquid materials across the cell membrane is:
Pinocytosis
54
Which substance from the following is important for the mechanical stability of cell hydrophobic as without it membranes quickly break and cells burst open? The hydrophobic region of these molecules helps to prevent ion or polar molecules from passing through the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
55
The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane states that protein molecules float in a fluid-like _____ layer.
Phospholipid
56
The rapid exchange of materials through carrier proteins across the plasma membrane is called:
Facilitated Diffusion
(the process of transporting molecules via protein)
57
The basic structure of plasma membrane is provided by:
Phospholipids
58
Taking in of solid particle by the cell is called:
Phagocytosis
59
The self-eating ability of lysosome is called:
Autophagy
60
Passive processes for the movement of molecules across cell surface membrane are:
Facilitated Diffusion and Osmosis
61
The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane is:
In which protein molecules are free to move about the fluid bilayer of phospholipid molecules
62
Cell permeability and transport processes of cell membrane depend upon its:
Phospholipid
63
According to the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which zone is embedded inside?
Hydrophobic
64
Which of the following is not the function of the cell membrane?
Protein Synthesis
65
When a plant cell receives a signal for death, it commits suicide by rupturing:
Cell membrane
66
An enzyme that is attached to the cell membrane of the cell:
Adenylate cyclase
(synthesize cyclic AMP)
67
Which of the following is not associated with both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membrane?
DNA replication
68
The plasma membrane is found in the cells of:
➡Animals only
➡Plants only
➡Bacteria only
69
Cell membranes are composed of:
Lipids and Proteins
70
The cell membrane has 60-80%:
Proteins
71
The cell membrane has ____ thickness:
7nm
72
The cell membrane is:
Asymmetrical
73
Fluidity of cell membrane is due to:
Lipids
74
Fluidity of the membrane depends on its lipid components including:
➡Phospholipids
➡Glycolipids
➡Cholesterol
75
Which technique provided the primary evidence for the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane
➡Chemical analysis
➡Microscopic staining
76
Which component act as a thermal stabilizer to maintain membrane fluid nature at variable temperature
Cholesterol
77
The mosaic nature of cell membrane is due to:
Proteins
78
Which class of carbohydrates are usually found in cell membrane:
Oligosaccharide
79
All functions are collectively performed by both lipids and proteins except:
Protective Function
80
Which molecules pass with great difficulty:
Ions as charged particles
81
CD4 receptors on T-lymphocytes are _____ in nature
Glycoproteins
82
Which will require no expenditure of energy:
Osmosis
83
In many animal cells, the cell membrane helps to take in materials by infolding them in the form of vacuoles. This type of intake is termed as:
Endocytosis
84
Endocytosis which involves ingestion of solid material is
Phagocytosis
85
By which of the following can movements of materials across animal cell membranes be accomplished?
➡Active transport only
➡Diffusion only
➡Pinocytosis only
86
The structure of plasma membrane is mainly held together by:
➡Proteins
➡Phospholipids
➡Carbohydrates
87
Ions cannot cross which part of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
88
Damage to one of the following immediately kills the cell whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Cell membrane
89
What part of the cell serves as an intracellular highway?
Cell membrane
90
Glycolipids in the plasma membrane are located at?
The outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
91
Which statement is true about the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?
➡Permeable to a large ionic polar molecule
➡Permeable to a small ionic molecule
➡Permeable to an only polar molecule
✅None of the above
92
Peripheral parts of the cell are often like
Gel
93
It is false about the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells:
Transcription
94
All of the following organelles contain DNA except:
Ribosomes
95
The 40S is the smaller ribosomal subunit, associated with:
Yeast
96
Identify non-membranous organelle from the following:
Ribosome
97
Ribosomes are tiny organelles, which are involved in the synthesis of:
Protein
98
Which one of the following organelle is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosome
99
Ribosomes present in prokaryotes are:
The 70S
100
The Group of ribosomes attached to mRNA is called:
Polysome
101
Which of the following organelle consist of two sub-units
Ribosome
102
The site of protein synthesis in cell is:
Ribosome
103
Ribosomes are made up of _____ and _____.
RNA and proteins
104
The cytoplasmic organelle commonly found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:
Ribosome
105
The 70S-sized ribosomes are found in the cells of:
Bacteria
106
Select the organelle which is only present in animal cells?
Centrioles
107
Which of the following structures is present in both plant and animal cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?
Microtubule
108
Glycolysis is the common stage n both aerobic and anaerobic respiration and it occurs in ____ of the cell.
Cytoplasm
109
Which of the following is true about cytoplasm?
It is the region between the nucleus and cell membrane
110
The living substance of living beings is called:
Protoplasm
111
The plasma membrane and everything present is:
Protoplast
112
The soluble part of the cytoplasm is termed as:
Cytosol
113
Cyclosis and amoeboid movements are because of:
Microfilaments
114
Ribosomes combined with mRNA are called:
Polysome
115
Ribonucleoprotein particles are the same:
Eukaryotic Ribosomes
116
If 3 ribosomes attach to a single mRNA at different points then how many similar proteins will form:
1
117
What is the approximate ratio of RNA and protein in a ribosome?
1:1
118
Ribosomes are chemically composed of which the following?
➡Protein
➡RNA
119
It helps in the attachment of two ribosomal subunits:
Magnesium ion
120
Which of the following organelles is not bound by a membrane?
Ribosomes
121
The 60S and 40S sub-unit combine to form what size particle?
The 80S
122
Which of the following is synthesized by free-floating ribosomes of cytoplasm in humans?
DNA polymerase
123
The soluble part of the cytoplasm is known as the?
Cytosol
124
Enzymes that are an integral part of ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of which of the following molecules?
Proteins
125
The nucleolus is visible in:
Interphase
126
Which of the following organelle have a continuous connection with the nuclear membrane?
RER
127
It precisely describes the function of nucleoli:
Formation of ribosomes
128
rRNA is actively synthesized in:
Nucleolus
129
How many nuclear pores are present in a typical differentiated cell, such as RBC?
About 3-4 per nucleus
130
Ribosomal RNA is synthesized in:
Nucleolus
131
The structure present in a eukaryotic cell but absent in prokaryotic cells is:
Nucleus
132
It makes nucleoli during interphase:
Secondary constriction
133
In a generalized plant cell the nucleus is:
Displaced to the site of the cell
134
Generally, the cells with more than two nuclei are called:
Multinucleate
135
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and stored in
Nucleolus
136
New ribosomes are assembled in (one or few darkly stained visible bodies within the nucleus are called);
Nucleolus
137
Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is NOT true?
its inner membrane bears ribosome
138
Erythrocytes have pores per nucleus:
3 or 4
139
The nucleus contains (A chromosome is composed of):
DNA
140
Chromosomes are stained with:
Acetoarcin
141
Nucleolus appears and disappears during
Interphase and Cell division
142
The centromere is also called:
Primary constriction
143
Each centromere had two plaques of protein
Kinetochore
144
A nuclear organizer is also referred to (Satellite containing junk DNA is closer to)
Secondary constriction
145
The terminal end of chromosomes that avoids mixing of chromosomes is called:
Telomere
146
Some part of chromatic that is densely stained is called:
Heterochromatin
147
The number of chromosomes in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster
8
148
Germ cells of Drosophila have chromosomes
4
149
_____ is the heaviest particulate of the cell
Nucleus
150
Which of the following cells do not possess a nucleus?
➡Sevie tube cells
➡Bacteria
➡Red Blood cells
151
An animal has 80 chromosomes in its gametes, how many chromosomes will be seen in the animal's muscle cells?
160`
152
The number of nuclear pores is highly variable in eukaryotic cells because?
Size of the nucleus
153
Which statement about the nucleolus is not true?
Hereditary centre
154
If an organism has a diploid number of 36, what is its haploid number?
18
155
The 23rd pair of chromosomes in man is:
Heteromorphic
156
Which of the following cell structure contains the highest concentration of RNA?
Nucleolus
157
All chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are called
Autosomes
158
Somatic cells of humans have how many pairs of chromosomes in total?
23
159
____ is responsible for making ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Nucleolus only
160
The soluble sap of the nucleus in a plant cell is called:
Nucleoplasm
161
Factory of ribosomal synthesis of:
Nucleolus
162
Double membranous organelle having pores
Nucleus
163
Which of the following best describes the function of RER in eukaryotic cells?
Synthesis of proteins
164
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the endoplasmic reticulum?
RER is more abundant than SER in adipose tissue
165
A function that is not related to smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
Enzyme synthesis
166
Which o the following organelle is associated with the single membrane?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
167
Which of the following function is performed by both types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Mechanical Support
168
Which of the following organelle is responsible for the production of steroid hormones?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
169
Which one of the following cell structures are involved in the synthesis of lipids?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
170
The organelle involved in the detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
171
The nuclear membrane is continuous with:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
172
Which of the following is correctly matched?
SER: Converts cholesterol into Vitamin D in the skin
173
Lipid Synthesis or lipid metabolism is the function of:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
174
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for the metabolism of:
Lipids
175
Select the one which is not a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER):
Processing of glycoproteins
176
Which of the following is not a product of ER in animal cells?
ATP synthase
177
The semi-circular channels and system of tubes found in the cytoplasm are known as:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
178
Endoplasmic Reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane-bounded sacs which are named as;
Cisternae
179
Lipids synthesis/ metabolism takes place in which of the following organelle?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
180
Which cell organelle is responsible for the transmission of impulses and detoxification of harmful drugs?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
181
Which of the following is not a function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?
Synthesis of membrane proteins
182
Which of the following is a mesh of interconnected membranes involved in protein synthesis and transport?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
183
Which of the following is false about the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is found only in voluntary muscle cells
184
Does cytoplasmic streaming movement cause flow of all of the following except?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
185
Which one of the following is involved in lipid metabolism?
➡Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Golgi apparatus
➡Chloroplast
✅None of the above
186
Sarcoplasm is different from cytoplasm:
➡It contains sarcoplasmic reticulum
➡It contains glycogen
➡It contains glycogen and oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin
187
______ are storage bodies for intracellular calcium.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
188
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is not involved in:
Conversion of mRNA to amino acids
189
Which of the following is not the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of conjugated molecules
190
The function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is ____.
Synthesis of lipids
191
Spherical or tubular membranes which separate the material present in the endoplasmic reticulum from that of cytoplasmic material are called?
Cisternae
192
Which of the following is not the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of conjugated molecules
193
Network of tubules continuous with nuclear membrane:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
194
If a radioactive amino acid is given to an organism, the organelle that shows radioactivity the very first time:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
195
Sarcoplasmic reticulum cells are those cells that contain:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum more
196
______ extends from the nucleus and touches cell membarne.
➡Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
197
It is not found in the composition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum:
DNA
198
Which of the following is not a function of SER?
Synthesis of membrane proteins
199
Which of the following cell organelle can be viewed with the help of high power light microscope?
Mitochondria
200
It is the correct location of ATP synthase in mitochondria:
Inner mitochondrial membrane
201
Which of the following structure is involved in oxidative phosphorylation?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
202
The Krebs cycle occurs in the ______ of mitochondria.
Matrix
203
Which of the following cell type is more appropriate to study mitochondria?
Muscle cell
204
In Mitochondria, small knob-like structures called F1 particles are found in:
Inner Membrane
205
Which organelle is bounded by two membranes?
Mitochondria
206
The inner membrane of mitochondria forms extensive infoldings called:
Cristae
207
Functionally, mesosomes can be compared with:
Mitochondria
208
The inner membrane of mitochondria forms extensive infoldings called:
Cristae
209
Functionally, mesosomes can be compared with:
Mitochondria
210
Organelle involved in aerobic respiration:
Mitochondria
211
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is called:
Cristae
212
Which organelle is required for aerobic respiration?
Mitochondria
213
The finger-like infoldings formed by the inner membrane of mitochondria are called:
Cristae
214
The structure in the double membrane-bounded organelle, primarily involved in ATP generation through cellular respiration is:
F1-particles
215
R0-F1 particles is another name for:
ATP synthase
216
Cristae are found in:
Mitochondria
217
Infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondria are:
Cisternae
218
Powerhouse machinery is inherited by future offspring by:
Sperm o father
219
The number of mitochondria increases within a cell is
Self-Replication
220
Which cell will have move mitochondria than the others
Pancreatic cell
221
Oxysomes were discovered by
E.Rocker
222
F1 particles are involved in:
ATP synthesis
223
______ types of RNA are found in Mitochondria
3
224
Which organelle is considered to be organisms within an organism
➡Mitochondria
➡Chloroplast
225
Which of the following reactions does not occur in the mitochondrial matrix
Glycolysis
226
A number of mitochondria are controlled by
Lysosomes
227
The structures that are involved in the manufacture and supply of energy to the cell are:
Mitochondria
228
ADP is regenerated by mitochondria into which of the following?
ATP
229
Which of the following is not present in mitochondria?
Thylakoid
230
The outer and inner membranes of mitochondria are?
Structurally and functionally different
231
Which o the following is not a character of mitochondria?
The number of mitochondria is constant
232
Inner membrane convulsions of the mitochondria are called?
Cristae
233
Diameter of mitochondria ranges between:
0.5-1 μm
234
It is a true statement:
A lot of mitochondria are present in axons
235
Enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix help in which of the following metabolic processes?
➡Krebs cycle
➡Aerobic Respiration
➡Fatty acid metabolism
236
_____ plays role in respiration.
Mitochondria
237
Which of the following combination is an example of self-replicating organelle?
➡Mitochondria
➡Chloroplast
238
Which of the following is a double membranous organelle?
➡Nucleus
➡Mitochondira
➡Chloroplast
239
F1 particles are present in:
Mitochondria
240
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with:
Haem part of haemoglobin
241
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
Inter-granum is photosynthetic
242
Which statement is correct about mitochondria and chloroplast?
70S ribosome is attached to the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplast
243
Identify the correct pair from the following options:
Modification - Golgi apparatus
244
Modification of proteins and lipids into glycoproteins and glycolipids is the function of:
Golgi apparatus
245
Golgi complex is involved in the formation of:
Lysosomes
246
The transport of secretory proteins takes place through organelles in which of the following order?
RER➡SER➡Golgi apparatus➡Secretory vesicles
247
The cisternae break up into vesicles from ____ and ___ of the Golgi complex
Concave, Forming face
248
Which cell organelle is responsible for cell secretion?
Golgi body
249
Which o the following organelles are involved in the synthesis of the plant cell walls?
Golgi complex
250
Which of the following does not originate from the Golgi complex?
All originate from the Golgi complex
251
Phragmoplast is associated with:
Golgi complex
252
Golgi apparatus is concerned with cells:
Secretion
253
Organelle _____ is concerned with cell secretion:
Golgi complex
254
Which of the following modifies proteins and lipids by adding carbohydrates?
Golgi apparatus
255
Another name for Golgi-Complex is;
Dictyosome
256
Which cell organelle lacks nucleic acid?
Golgi apparatus
257
Golgi complex was discovered by which scientist?
Camillo Golgi
258
Proteins and lipids are converted into glycolipids and glycoproteins by adding carbohydrates?
Golgi apparatus
259
Golgi complex is responsible for the formation of secretory granules in _____ cell?
Pancreatic
260
The pancreas produces secretory granules that help in digestion. The see granules after passing through the endoplasmic reticulum are pinched off from the surface of the Golgi apparatus?
Maturing face
261
What shape of the maturing phase of the Golgi apparatus is?
Concave
262
Which organelle forms the cell membrane?
Golgi body
263
Which is incorrectly matched:
Golgi apparatus➡Intercellular digestion✅
Cell membrane➡Cell Recognition❌
SER➡Carbohydrate metabolism❌
RER➡Protein synthesis❌
264
Which of the folllowng organelle is most abundant in those animal cells which exhibit phagocytic activity?
Lysosomes
265
It is a disease characterised by the accumulation of lipids in the brain cells leading to mental retardation and even death:
Tay-Sachs disease
266
Tay-Sachs disease occurs when cells are unable to produce an enzyme leading to the build of certain lipids in the cell. Which cell structure would not function correctly?
Lysosomes
267
These structures are involved in the breakdown of old organelles:
Lysosomes
268
Strictly speaking, autophagosomes are actually:
Secondary Lysosome
269
Suicidal bags are:
Lysosomes
270
Lysosomes were isolated and studied for the first time by (Lysosomes were discovered by):
De-Duve
271
Any foreign object that gains entry inside the cell is immediately engulfed by:
Lysosome
272
A tadpole's tail is gradually gained entry inside the cell and is immediately engulfed by:
Lysosome
273
The size of lysosomes ranges between:
0.2 to 0.5 μm
274
Lysosomes are ____ organelles.
Single membranous
275
_____ is the self-digestion of a cell by releasing the contents of lysosomes within the cell.
Autolysis
276
Tay-Sachs disease results due to accumulation in brain cells:
Lipids
277
What are autophagosomes?
➡Those lysosomes which eat parts of their own cells to generate energy
➡Those lysosomes which eat old and worn-out cellular organelles
278
Lysosomes are known as "suicidal bags" because of:
Hydrolytic activity
279
Which of the following cell organelle does not contain DNA?
Lysosomes
280
The process of self-digestion of selective nonfunctional organelle by cells through the actions of enzymes originating from the cell is called?
Autophagy
281
Phagocytosis, autophagy and extracellular digestion are the functions of:
Lysosomes
282
A disease caused by the absence of a lysosomal enzyme responsible for lipid catabolism:
Tay-Sachs disease
283
The cells which lack lysosomes would have difficulty in which of the following
Digesting food
284
Lysosomes are formed by:
Golgi Complex
285
Which of the following eukaryotic organelle has a symbiotic origin with bacteria?
Chloroplast
286
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with:
Haem part of haemoglobin
287
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
➡CO2 fixation occurs in stroma✅
➡Chloroplasts are self-replicating✅
➡Inter-granum is photosynthetic❌
➡Chloroplasts have 70S ribosomes✅
288
Which of the following statement is correct about mitochondria and chloroplast?
70S ribosome is attached to the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplast
289
Among the followings which cellular organelle contains circular DNA similar to those found in bacteria?
Chloroplast
290
Each chloroplast contains ___ grana
40-50
291
Plastids are present only in:
Plant cell and algae
292
In a plant cell, chlorophyll is present in (In photosynthetic plant cells, membrane-bound structures containing green pigment are called):
Chloroplasts
293
Stroma is fluid in the chloroplast:
Matrix
294
The fluid which surrounds the thylakoids is called:
Stroma
295
Which statement about plastids is true?
They contain DNA and ribosome
296
Proplastids are found in:
➡Flowers & Fruits
➡Shoot
➡Root
297
Etioplast on exposure to sunlight develop into:
Chloroplast
298
Elaioplast store
Lipids
299
Dark reaction/ CO2 fixation takes place in:
Stroma
300
Which part of thylakoids take part in light reaction actively
Smaller thylakoid
301
Which of the following is colourless?
Leucoplasts
302
Leucoplasts are a kind of:
Plastids
303
The type of plastids found in the roots of plants:
Leucoplasts
304
In the plants, 50 or more thylakoids piled upon each other to form?
Granum
305
The dense fluid-filled region in the chloroplast is called:
Stroma
306
Enzymes in Calvin Cycle are found in which cell organelle?
Chloroplast
307
Which type of cell would be the most appropriate for the study of chloroplasts?
Photosynthetic cell
308
Stacked of thylakoids in chloroplasts is called?
Grana
309
Which of the following organelle is involved in the release o oxygen?
Chloroplast
310
The matrix surrounding the grana in the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called?
Stroma
311
Plants store food in;
Leucoplast
312
Double membranous structures having coins like stacks of membranes are known as:
Chloroplast
313
The Yellowing and brown end of the leaf is because o a deficiency of:
Chlorophyll
314
The Colour of the petals is due to:
Chromoplast
315
Enzymes for the light-dependent reaction are present in:
Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
316
____ provides support for the individual plant cell and contributes to the turgidity of the leaves and younger parts of plants.
Vacuole
317
What is the specific name given to the biological membrane that surrounds the vacuoles?
Tonoplast
318
The presence of a large central vacuole is the characteristic of:
Plants
319
Which of these is solely present in plant cells only?
Central vacuole
320
The membrane separating the vacuole from the cytoplasm is called:
Tonoplast
321
Which of the following statement is true?
Prokaryotic cells evolved before eukaryotic cells
322
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes
323
Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes
Presence of ribosomes
324
The distinguishing feature of a prokaryotic cell is its:
Cell Wall
(Composed of peptidoglycan/muerin)
325
Peptidoglycan or muerin is a special or distinctive feature of the cell wall in:
Bacteria
326
DNA molecule in prokaryotes is:
Single, Circular Double stranded molecule not bounded by a membrane
327
In prokaryotic cell wall strengthening material is:
Murein
328
What combination is found in prokaryotic cells?
➡Mitochondria: Absent
➡Ribosomes: Present
➡DNA: Present
➡RNA: Present
329
Bacteria are :
Haploid
330
Introns are present in ___ only.
Eukaryotes
331
Plasmids that are transferred during conjugation are called
Transmissible
332
Flagella in prokaryotes are made up of protein called:
Flagellin
333
Flagella in eukaryotes are made up of protein called:
Tubulin
334
Structures not found in prokaryotes are:
Cytoskeleton
335
A respiratory activity like Mtochondiria in prokaryotes is performed by:
Mesosomes
336
Glycolacyx is made up of:
➡Capsule
➡Slime
337
Binary fission is found in:
Bacteria
338
Which combination of organelles is usually present in both animal and plant cells?
➡Mitochondira
➡Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Ribosomes
339
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organells. How, then are prokaryotes able to generate energy?
Prokaryotes generate proton gradients across their plasma membrane
340
Which statement describes an incorrect difference between a plant cell and a bacterial cell?
➡The bacterial call has 70S ribosomes whereas a plant cell has 80S ribosomes
➡Bacterial cell divides by binary fission whereas a plant cell divides by mitosis
➡Bacterial Cells do not have a nuclear membrane whereas plant cells have
✅None of the above
341
Which of the following components of an animal cell is not observed in a bacterial cell?
Nucleus
342
Eukaryotes can share which of the following structures with prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
343
Which structure differentiates eukaryotic form a prokaryotic cell
Nuclear Membrane
344
The presence of which of the following feature would best indicate a eukaryotic cell?
Well-Defined membranous organelles
345
In a typical compound microscope, the resolving power is_________,which is about that of naked eye, respectively.
2.0 micrometer, 500X
346
Which of the following type of microscope is used to study the internal structures of cells?
Electron microscope
347
It is an example of semi autonomous organelle found in both animal and plant cells:
Mitochondria
348
Which of the following is not present in plant cells?
Flagella
349
All of the following are common molecules in membrane of all type of cells except
Cholesterol
350
Hydrophobic portion of Plasma membrane is present in/at
Inner core of plasma membrane
351
Which of the following describes the fluid mosaic model of Plasma membrane structure
Phospholipid bilayer embedded proteins
352
In plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented
Towards outside
353
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of animal cell membrane?
Prevent from osmotic lysis
354
Which of the following acts as receptor site on plasma membrane
Glycoprotein
355
Which structure is more important for cell life
Cell membrane
356
Which of the following best describes the function of RER in eukaryotic cells?
Synthesis of proteins
357
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding endoplasmic reticulum
RER is more than SER in adipose tissue
358
A function that is not related to smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme synthesis
359
Which of the following organelle is associated with single membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
360
Which of the following function is performed by both types of Endoplasmic reticulum
Mechanical support
361
Which of the following organelle is responsible for the production of steroid hormones
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
362
All of the following organelles contain DNA except
Ribosomes (do not have DNA)
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast (contain DNA)
363
40S is smaller ribosomal subunit associated with
Yeast
364
Ribosomes are associated with all of the following organelles except
Golgi apparatus
365
Identify nonmembranous organelle from the following
Ribosome
366
Identify the correct pair from the following options
Modification- Golgi apparatus
367
Modification of proteins and lipids into glycoproteins and glycolipid is the function of
Golgi apparatus
368
Golgi complex is involved in the formation of
Lysosomes
369
The transport of secretory proteins takes place through organelles in which of the following order?
RER----- SER----Golgi apparatus-----Secretory vesicles
370
Which of the following organelle is most abundant in those animal cells which exhibit phagocytic activity
Lysosomes
371
Strictly speaking autophagosomes are actually
Secondary lysosomes
372
It is a disease characterised by accumulation of lipids in the brain cells leading to mental retardation and even death
Tay-Sach's disease
373
________ provides support for the individual Plant cell and contributes to the turgidity of leaves and younger parts of plants
Vacuole
374
What is the specific name given to biological membrane that surrounds the vacuoles
Tonoplast
375
Which of the following protein is present in micro tubules
Tubulin
376
All of the following proteins are present in microfilaments of skeletal muscle cell except
Tubulin
Actin, myosin and tropomyosin are present
377
Number of centrioles in a Cell after completion of G2 phase and during metaphase of mitosis is _______and_______ respectively.
4,4
378
Which of the following cell organelli can be viewed with the help of high power light microscope
Mitochondria
379
It is the correct location of ATP synthase mitochondria
Inner mitochondrial membrane
380
Which of the following structure is involved in oxidative phosphorylation
Inner mitochondrial membrane
381
Kreb cycle occurs in______of Mitochondria
Matrix
382
Which of the following cell type is more appropriate to study mitochondria
Muscle cell
383
Which of the following eukaryotic organelle has symbiotic origin with bacteria
Chloroplast
384
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with
385
Which of the following statement is incorrect
Inter-granum is photosynthetic
386
Nucleolus is visible in
Interphase
387
Which of the following organelle have a continuous connection with the nuclear membrane
RER
388
It precisely describe the function of nucleoli
Formation of ribosomes
389
rRNA is actively synthesized in
Nucleolus
390
How many nuclear pores are present in a typical differentiated cells such as red blood cells
About 3-4 per nucleus
391
Which of the following statement is true
Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells
392
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes not have internal membrane
393
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following feature in common
Presence of ribosomes
394
The distinguishing feature of prokaryotic cell is its
Cell wall
395
Cytoplasmic streaming movement causes flow of all except
Endoplasmic reticulum
396
Movement of Na+ across axon membrane via Sodium Potassium pump is an example of
Active transport
397
Cell without nucleoli Die because they do not possess:
Ribosomes
398
The source of illumination in electron microscope is
Beam of electrons
399
These play vital role in defence activity of macrophages
Lysosomes
400
Damage to one of the following immediately kills the cell whether its prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Cell membrane
401
Which of these is not a part of murein?
Proteins
402
Which one always passes through nuclear membrane from nucleoplasm to cytoplasm
RNA
403
They help to detoxify the harmful drugs
SER
404
In Golgi apparatus cisternae are thought to be moving from________to_______ face
Convex, concave
405
It is mismatched with reference to mitochondrial membrane
Outer membrane -- chemiosmosis
406
In cross section, each centriole consists of cylindrical array of
9 microtubule triplets
407
Cell secretions are actually produced at _____ then transported to outside through ______and ______.
Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
408
Types of ribosome present in the cytosol and organelles of Eukaryotic cell are respectively
60S and 40S
409
Which of the following cell types would you expect to be abundant with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies?
1.Plasma B cells( produce antibodies)
2. adipose cells (store fats)
3.Islets of Langerhans ( secret insulin)
4. red blood cells (transport oxygen)
1 and 3 only
410
Which of the following is a protective structure in bacterial cells
Cell wall
411
Plant cells are distinguishable from animal cells in containing
Cell wall
412
Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in
Prokaryotic cells
413
Which one is always unicellular
Mycoplasma
414
If size of particle is large or it has polarity the suitable method of transportation will be
Facilitated diffusion
415
Nucleolus contains
Ribosomal precursor
416
Transport of glucose into the cell with the help of insulin is an example of
Facilitated diffusion
417
The functional units of Golgi apparatus is
Cisternae
418
Centrioles/centrosome takes part in
Spindle formation
419
Outer and inner membrane of Mitochondria are
Structurally and functionally different
420
Which substances can cross plasma membrane more easily
Lipids soluble
421
Parts of cell membrane which is in contact with external and internal environment is
Hydrophilic
422
The ratio of RNA and protein in a ribosome is
1:1
423
Secretory granules bud off from
Golgi bodies
424
What is a polysome
1mRNA and many ribosomes
425
The vesicles which diffused to form stack of cisternae sacs are derived from
SER
426
Which one is a self replicating organelle
Mitochondria
427
The exact replica of the chromosome is
Chromatid
428
Which of the following organelle is involved in autophagy
Lysosomes
429
Lysosomes are most abundant in
Animal cells having phagocytic activity
430
The absence of an enzyme that is involved in the catabolism of lipids results in
Tay-Sach's Disease
431
The lysosomes which eat parts of their own cells or cellular component during cellular starvation are called
Autophagosomes
432
Enzymes necessary for photosynthesis are present in
Chloroplast
433
Small and many vacuoles are generally found in
Plant cell
(Young plant cells have small vacuoles)
434
In a non dividing cell centrioles are ______in number
2
435
The conversion of amino acids into proteins is the function of
Ribosomes
436
The process of photosynthesis occurs at
Chloroplast
437
The size and number of Mitochondria in a Cell depends upon which factor
Physiological activities
438
Which cell would have chloroplast in abundance
Mesophyll cells
439
The type of cytoskeletal proteins that play important role in assembly and disassembly of spindle during Mitosis
Micro tubules
440
Which of the following can maintain the shape of the cell
Intermediate filaments
441
Which of the following function is not performed by the cell membrane of the plant cell
Phagocytosis
442
Organelles involved in organic molecule synthesis and organic molecule breakdown respectively
Chloroplast and mitochondria
443
Which organelli in Eukaryotic cell functionally resemble with mesosomes of prokaryotic cell
Mitochondria
444
Which type of molecule will make channels for movement of neutral substances down concentration gradient
Protein
445
Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosome
A cell producing cytoplasmic enzymes
446
Which of the following possesses a micro tubular structure similar to basal body
Centriole
447
Mitochondria have enzyme for all of these processes except
Replication of DNA
glycolysis (if in options)
448
If cell organelli present near the exterior surface of the nucleus and consist of cylindrical array of 9 clusters each having 3 micro tubules then the organelle would be
Centriole
449
Concerning entry of substances through plasma membrane which statement is correct
Only active transport needs energy
450
An organelle having its own DNA, ribosomes and protein formation indicate that the organelle is
Self replicating
451
The components of cells including its organelles can be separated by a process called;
Cell Fractionation
452
A structure that is commonly present in both plant and animal cells is:
Peroxisomes
453
Which of the following structures is not found in an animal cell?
Plasmodesmata
454
In the cell wall, ____ molecules are arranged in criss-cross arrangement
Cellulose
455
__ is the smallest unit that can carry out all activities of life
Cell
456
Most of the plant cells do not have:
➡Flagellum
➡Centriole
➡Lysosome
457
Phagocytosis is the common character of:
Animal cell
458
A human cheek cell and a spongy mesophyll cell from a leaf are examined under a microscope. The structures observed common in both are:
➡Cell membrane
➡Nucleus
➡Cytoplasm
459
Most abundant components of plasma membrane are:
Proteins
460
According to fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane, protein molecules are:
Embedded like mosaic
461
It serves as site for various chemical reactions and house organelles of a cell:
Cytoplasm
462
Which of the following metabolic process is said to be occur in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
463
Consider a protein that is synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the folowing location is not possible final destination for this protein?
Cytoplasm
464
According to fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane, protein molecules are;
Embedded like mosaic
465
It serves as site for various chemical reactions and house of organelles of a cell:
Cytoplasm
466
Which of the following metabolic process is said to occur in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
467
Endoplasmic reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane-bounded sacs which are named as:
Cisternae
468
Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of flattened membrane bounded:
Sacs
469
The larger sub-unit of a eukaryotic ribosome sediments at:
60S
470
In any cell, ribosomes can exist in all of the following forms except:
Attached with Golgi bodies
471
Which organelle covers main space of the cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
472
In plants, ___ is the major contributor to the turgor that provides support for the individual plant cell.
Vacuole
473
Accumulation of lipids in brain cells lead to mental retardation and even death.
Tay-Sach's disease
474
Which of the following type of WBCs depend upon lysosomes for killing foreign agents
Neutrophils
475
Cell organelle responsible for turgor movement in plants is:
Vacuole
476
Reactions of Krebs cycle occur in/ at ___ of mitochondria.
Inner compartment
477
Under compound microscope, mitochondria look like all except:
Lamella
478
Mitochondria are absent in :
➡Blue Green algae
➡RBC
479
The organelle, which acts as factory of sugar synthesis:
Chloroplast
480
Pick an incorrect statement about chloroplast:
➡Present in all bryophytes❌
➡Present in all algae❌
➡Present in all plants❌
➡Present in all photosynthetic organisms✅
481
Nuclear Nuclear pores regulate transport of substances between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Substances that enter in nucleus are;
➡ATP
➡Enzymes
482
Which of the following cannot be termed as "mono-nucleate'?
Platelets
483
It is not a property of nuclear membrane:
impermeable to water
484
Large molecular weight rRNA and rDNA are present in which part of nucleolus:
Central Fibril are
485
Genteic material of a prokaryotic cell is found in:
Cytoplasm
486
In peptidoglycan cell wall of a bacterial cell, polysaccharide chains are bound to short chains of amino acids thorugh;
Covalent bond
487
Cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells is associated with:
Cell membrane
488
Which feature helps to differentiate prokaryotic cell from eukaryotic cell?
Composition of membranes
489
Regarding cytoplasm of bacterial cell, this is not true:
It contains single circular DNA
490
The components of cells including its organells can be separated by a process called;
Cell fractionation
491
The cells of plants and animals can be distinguished by the presence or absence of;
Cell wall
492
A structure that is commonly present in both plant and animal cells is;
Peroxisomes
493
In fungi, cell wall is composed of _____, while in bacteria, it is composed of ____ respectively.
➡Chitin
➡Murein
494
Most abundant components of plasma membrane are:
Proteins
495
The only way in which a very large molecule such as protein could cross a cell membrane is;
Endocytosis
496
It serves as site for various chemical reactions and house of organelles of a cell:
Cytoplasm
497
Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein in;
1:1
498
Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of flattened memrbaen bounded;
Sacs
499
Golgi complex is involved in the folrmation of __-
Lysosomes
500
Lysosomal enzymes are syntheiszed by;
RER
501
Tay-Sach's disease is due to the deficiency of;
Enzyme
502
Lysosomes are present in all of the following type of cells except;
Eryhtrocytes
503
In plants, ___ is the major contributor to the turgor that provides support for the individual plant cell.
Vacuole
504
It is incorrect about vacuoles found in animals cells;
Central in position
505
It is an example of non-membranous organelle:
Ribosome
506
Most the plant cell do not have:
➡Flagellum
➡Centriole
➡Lysosome
507
Transfer of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration thorugh carrier proteins is called:
Facilitated diffusion
508
All of the following functions are related with cell membrane except;
Protection from osmotic lysis
509
The concentration of potassium ions in a red blood cell is much higher than it is in the surrounding blood plasma, yet potassium ions continue to move into the cell. The process by which potassium ions move into the cell is called:
Active Transport
510
in unit membrane model, the region of lipid bilayer attached to globular proteins is:
Hydrophilic
511
A function of eukaroytic cell that occurs in cytoplasm:
Fermentation
512
Most abundant substance in protopasm is:
Water
513
Ribosomes are classified accoridng to their:
Sedimentation rate
514
Ribosomes in the chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells are:
The same size and composition as in bacteria
515
Which organelle covers main space of the cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
516
Cytoplasmic streaming movement causes the flow of all except:
Endoplamsic Reticulum
517
Which one of the following possesses the most prominent Golgi apparatus
An islet of langerhans cell
518
It is an example of secondary lysosome:
Digestive vacuole
519
Lysosomes ar single membranous organelles that mainly contain;
Hydrolyric enzymes
520
Which o the following enzyme found in peroxisomes is involved in the breakdown of H2O2?
Catalase
521
Cell organelle responisble or turogr movement in plants is:
Vacuole
522
Membrane which surrounds the vacuole is called:
Tonoplast
523
Reactions of Krebs cycle occur in of mitochondria
Inner compartment
524
The size and number of mitochondria depends on cell's:
Physiological activity
525
Under compound microscope, mitochondria look like all except:
Lamella
526
Mitochondira contain all of the following except:
Thylakoids
527
Mitochondria are absent in:
➡Blue Green algae
➡RBC
528
The organelle, whic hacts as actory of sugar synthesis:
Chloroplast
529
If we separate the cell organelles of a living cell, then which part can be alive?
Chloroplast
530
Pick an incorrect statement about chloroplast:
Present in all photosynthetic organisms
531
Nuclear pores regulate transport substances between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Substances that enter in nucleus are;
➡ATP
➡Enzymes
532
Which of the following cannot be termed as "mono-nucleates"
Platelets
533
All of the following are not visible during dividing phase in a frog's skin cell except:
Chromosomes
534
Cytoskeleton is present in all of the following except:
Bacterial cells
535
In peptidoglycan cell wall of a bacterial cell, polysaccharides chains are bound to short chains of amino acids thorugh:
Covalent bond
536
What is the similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Composition of ribosomes
537
Semiautonoomus organelle is;
Chloroplast
538
Which of the following organelle is not present in plant cells?
Flagella
539
Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum n eukaryotic cells?
Synthesis of Proteins
540
Which of the following eukaryotic organelle has symbiotic origin with bacteria?
Chloroplast
541
Which of the following statements is true?
Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells
542
Which of the following organelle lack ribosomes?
Golgi apparatus
543
Which of the following memebrane has largest number of proteins?
Inner Mitochondrial membrane
544
In the plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented:
Towards Outside
545
Which o the followig organelle have a continuous connection with nuclear membrane?
RER
546
Which of the following organelle lack ribosomes?
Golgi apparatus
547
Which of the following membrane has the most significant number of proteins?
Inner Mitochondrial membrane
548
In the plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented:
Towards outside
549
Which of the following organelle have a continuous connection with the nuclear membrane?
RER
550
The transport of secretory protein takes place through organelles in order;
RER➡ SER➡ Golgi apparatus➡Secretory Vesicles
551
Protein Glycosylation occurs in:
Lumen Of rough endoplasmic reticulum
552
Which of the following structure involved in oxidative phosphorylation?
Inner Mitochondrial membrane
553
Identify the non-mmebranous organelle form the following;
Ribosome
554
The hydrophobic portion of plasma membrane present in/at:
Towards extracellular Matrix
555
Which of the following describes the fluid membrane model of plasma membrane structure?
Phospholipid Bilayer with embedded Proteins
556
The nucleolus is visible in
Interphase
557
Q
The 40S is a small ribosomal unit of:
Yeast
(Eukaryote)
558
Which of the following cell organelle can be viewed with the help of a high-power light microscope?
Mitochondria
559
All of the following proteins are present in microfilament except:
Tubulin
(Microtubules)
560
Which of the following is not present in a plant cell?
Lysosomes
561
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes
562
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which o the following feature in common:
Ribosomes
563
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the endoplasmic reticulum?
RER is more than SER in adipose tissue
564
All of the following is not a characteristic of the animal cell membrane?
Synthesis of ATP
565
With respect to their surrounding membrane systems, which is the odd one out?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
566
Which of the following protein is present in microtubules?
Tubulin
567
Golgi complex is involved in the formation of;
Lysosome
568
Which function is perfomred by both types of ER?
Mechanical Support
569
The free-floating organelles are;
Chloroplast
570
A distinguished feature of a prokaryotic cell is its:
Cell Wall
571
krebs cycle occurs in __ of mitochondria?
Matrix
572
Which acts as a receptor site on the plasma membrane?
Glycoprotein
573
Which of the following cell type is more appropriate to study mitochondria?
Muscle Cells
574
Which is the correct pair?
Modification➡Golgi apparatus
575
Which structure is more important for cell life?
Cell membrane
576
Which of the following organelle is responsible for the production o steroid hormones?
Golgi Bodies
577
The number of centrioles in a cell after completion of the G2 phase and during metaphase of mitosis is _____ and ___ respectively.
➡2
➡4
578
All of the following are common molecules in the membrane of all types of cells except:
Cholesterol
579
A function that is not related to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme Synthesis
580
Which of the following function is not performed by the cell membrane of a plant cell?
Phagocytosis
581
Organelles in organic molecule synthesis and organic molecule breakdown respectively.
➡Chloroplast
➡Mitochondria
582
Which organelles in eukaryotic cells functionally resemble mesosomes of the prokaryotic cell?
Mitochondria
583
Which type of molecule will make channels or movement of neutral substances down concentration gradients?
Protein
584
Under which of the followng conditions, would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?
A cell producing cytoplasmic enzymes
585
Which of the following possesses a microtubular structure similar to a basal body?
Centriole
586
Mitochondria have enzymes for all o these processes except:
Fermentation
587
If the cell organelle presents near the exterior surface of the nucleus and consists o a cylindrical array of nine clusters each having three microtubules, then the organelle would be:
Centriole
588
Concerning the entry of substances through the plasma membrane, which statement is correct?
Only active transport needs energy
589
An organelle having its own DNA, ribosomes and protein formation indicates that the organelle is;
Self-Replicating
590
It is generally absent in a typical prokaryotic cell membrane:
Sterols
591
All of the following are found in the prokaryotic cytoplasm except:
Cytoskeleton
592
It is the largest organelle found in a typical plant cell:
Vacuole
593
Q
Out of the given options, choose the one which shows the structures found only in plant cells:
➡Chloroplast
➡Cell Wall
➡Vacuole
594
Identify the incorrect pair rom the following options:
➡DNA Replication - Nucleus❌
➡Anaerobic respiration - Cristae✅
➡Protein Synthesis - RER❌
➡Glycosylation - Golgi Complex❌
595
Sacculus is another name used for the entire bacterial:
Cell Wall
596
The ratio of water and dissolved substance in cytosol is:
9:1
597
Glycoproteins are generally found:
On the outer surface of cell membrane
598
the most abudnant component of plasma membrane is;
Proteins
599
Which of the following membrane transport mechanism is shown in the following diagram?
Endocytosis
600
Which statement about plasma membrane is not true?
➡Chemically it is lipoprotein❌
➡The bilayer is symetrical✅
➡Transport across the membrane is majorly mediated by the proteins❌
➡It is a flexible structure❌
601
Vacuoles may originate from:
➡Cell Membrane
➡Golgi Complex
➡Endoplasmic Reticulum
602
From the following list, identify the total number of single membranous organelle found in E.Col:
0
603
What is the specific name given to the following arrangement in a cell?
Polysome
604
The metabolic process that takes place in cytoplasm in eukaroytic cells is;
Glycolysis
605
All of the following are the functions of cell wall except:
Regulation of transport of materials
606
In plant cells, the middle lamella is mainly composed of:
➡Pectin
➡Salts
607
Secondary cell wall is formed between the primary cell wall and plasma membrane and found only in:
Sclerenchyma Cells
608
Which of the following organelle is exclusively found in animal cells?
Centrosome
609
The spherical or tubular membranes that make up the endoplasmic reticulum are called:
Cisternae
610
It is not a function of SER:
➡Ca+2 Storage❌
➡Transport of RER proteins to Golgi complex❌
➡Synthesis of phospholipids❌
➡Synthesis of lysozyme✅
611
In muscles, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is closely resembles with:
SER
612
RER is frequently in those cells associated with frequent synthesis and secretion of:
Glycoproteins
613
It acts as the factory for the synthesis of ribosomes in prokaryotes:
Cytoplasm
614
The larger subunit of chloroplast ribosomes sediments at:
50S
615
Golgi apparatus was discovered by C. Golgi in:
1898
616
Golgi apparatus is virually found in all of the following eukaryotic cells except:
Erythrocytes
617
What is the term used for special Golgi bodies which are involved in the formation of phragmoplast?
Dictyosomes
618
It is the integral membrane protein, having enzymatic function:
Adenylate cyclase
619
It is not a function performed by the lysosomes:
Endocytosis
620
It is the correct sequence of organelles involvevd in the formation of lysosomes:
RER➡ SER➡ Golgi Apparatus
621
It is an example of storage disease characterized by accumulation of fats in the brain cells:
Tay-Sach's Disease
622
Lysosomes are equipped with about:
40 different digestive enzymes
623
The optimum pH for working of the lysosomal enzyme is:
Slightly Acidic
624
Which of the following organelles are involved n photorespiration:
➡Peroxisomes
➡Mitochondria
625
It is not true for vacuoles:
➡Animal cells have different types of vacuoles❌
➡The material in plant vacuoles is called "cell sap"❌
➡Plant vacuole is formed by coalescence of smaller vacuoles❌
➡Dividng plant cells also have a central vacuole✅
626
The outer layer of mitochondria is highly permeable due to the presence of porins. These porins are:
Channel Proteins
627
The mitochondrial DNA is:
➡Double Stranded
➡Circular
628
Strictly speaking, the oxysomes in mitochondrial cristae are:
ATP synthase
629
The number o mitochondria in a cell depends on:
Physiological activity o the cell
630
Krebs cycle takes place in/on:
Mitochondrial Matrix
631
The young mature developing plastids are;
Proplastids
632
The G3P prodcution in chloroplast takes place n:
Stroma
633
Q
If you want to isolate chloroplast, the most suitable plant cells would be:
Mesophyll Cells
634
Which of the following cells are not mono-nucleaeted?
Skeletal Myocytes
635
Ribosomal components assemble in:
Peripheral part of nucelolus
636
In a typical eukaryotic cell, DNA can be found in all of the following organelles except:
Endoplasmic reticulum
637
Lipid storage in plant cells is the function of:
Elaioplasts
638
Secretory granules/transport vesicles are pinched off from Golgi complex at:
Inner Concave maturing face
639
Nucleoplasm is a soluble sap present inside the nuclear envelope does not physically carry
Chromosome
640
Cell theory was formulated by Schleiden and Schwann which was later modified by:
Rudolf Virchow
641
Plant cells differ from animal cells by:
Presence of cell wall and development
642
The one attached with outer nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
643
Which layer of the cell envelope determines the shape of the cell and provides a strong structural support to prevent the bacterium from bursting or collapsing:
Cell Wall
644
A structure that connects the cytoplasm of neighboring cells together. These are:
➡Plasmodesmata
➡Middle Lamella
645
Organelle involved in modification and routing o newly synthesized proteins to their destination is:
Endoplasmic reticulum
646
Which of the following is a part of Endoplasmic system of Eukaryotic cells
Golgi bodies
647
The chemical composition of nuclear plasma is best described as
➡️ Nucleolus
➡️ Chromatin
648
The chemical composition of nucleoplasm is the best described as
➡️Nucleolus
➡️Chromatin
649
Keeping in view the fluid mosaic model for the structure of cell membrane one of the following statements is correct concerning the movement of liquids and proteins from one lipid monolayer to another describe as flip flop movement
Lipid can really flip flop, proteins cannot
650
Which of the following cell structures contains the highest concentration of RNA
Nucleolus
651
It is responsible for beginning of the life of organisms
Cell
652
Q
It is responsible for beginning of the life of organisms
Cell
653
It is the smallest cell
mycoplasma
654
The Association of more than one ribosome with a single molecule of messenger RNA complex is called as
Polysome
655
The cell organelle involved in lipid synthesis is:
SER
656
The material essential for dark reaction are located in in:
Stroma
657
It possesses flagella
Euglena
658
The unit of phloem in which nucleus is absent:
Sieve Tubes
659
Q
It actively synthesizes rRNA:
Nucleolus
660
How many units occur in each stackpile of Golgi apparatus:
4 to 8
661
Product of Golgi apparatus can be:
Lysosome
662
Who was the first one to see a live cell?
Leeuwenhoek
663
What is the main area of cellular activities in eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
664
How many of the following are membrane bound organelles?
Lysosomes, Ribosomes, Mitochondira, Vacuoles
3
665
Which of the following organelle is exclusively found in animals cells?
Centriole
666
The longest cells in human body are
Neurons
667
Which of the following is not the component of plasma membrane?
Monosaccharides
668
The ability of proteins to move laterally within the cell membrane?
Fluidity
669
The most important function of plasma membrane is that it:
Transports the molecules across
670
Movement of water across the plasma membrane occurs by:
Osmosis
671
Which of the follwoing organisms have cel wall made up of cellulose, galactans, mannans, and minerals like calcium carbonates?
Algae
672
Which of the following wall is capable of growth in a plant cell?
Primary Cell wall
673
How many of the following are not included in the endomembrane system?
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosome, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Vacuoles, peroxisome
3
674
RER is associated with synthesis and secretion of:
Protein
675
Golgi apparatus is an important site for the formation of:
➡Glycoproteins
➡Glycolipids
676
Which of the follwoing is not a hydrolytic enzyme?
Ligases
677
Tonoplast is important for:
Transporting ions against concentration gradients
678
What is the main function of cristae?
Increase the surface area
679
Select the incorrect pair from the following:
➡Leucoplast - Carotene✅
➡Elaioplast- Oils❌
➡Amyloplast- Starch❌
➡Aleuroplasts - Proteins ❌
680
What kind of ribosome is present in mitochondria:
The 70S
681
Both cilium and flagella emerge from centriole like structure which is called:
Basal Bodies
682
Based on the position of the centromere, the chromosome is classified into how many types:
4
683
In mitochondria, the protons accumulate in the:
Inter-Membrane Space
684
Which one of the following cellular parts are correctly described:
Thylakoid - Flattened membranous sacs forming the grana of chloroplasts
685
Which structure performs the function of mitochondria in bacteria?
Mesosomes
686
The nuclear envelope is a derivative of:
Rough endoplasmic Reticulum
687
Water soluble pigments found in cell vacuoles are:
Anthocyanin
688
What is the main difference between active and passive transport:
Active transport occurs by utilizing ATP
689
Which of the following is derived from the cell membrane:
Mesosome
690
In the plasma membrane, the lipids have their polar heads facing:
Outer side
691
Contrary to the animal cell, the plant cell nucleus is located in the periphery due to the large size of:
Vacuole
692
The plant cells differ from animal cells in having:
Chloroplast
693
Both animal and plant cells are included in:
Eukaryotic Category
694
The biggest eukaryotic cell:
OStrich's Egg
695
The difference between these two types of cells is mainly based on the structure of their nuclei. The cells are;
➡Prokaryotic
➡Euakryotic
696
____ cells generally lack many of the membrane bound structures found in ___ cells.
➡Prokaryotic
➡Eukaryotic
697
___ have small sized ribosomes 70S as, compared to ___ having 80S.
➡Prokaryotes
➡Eukaryotes
698
Pick up that feature of prokaryotic cells which is missing in eukaroytic cells:
Chromosomes submerged in cytoplasm
699
Modern technology has revelaed that lipid bilayer is:
Not sandwiched between tw oprotein layers
700
As allowing only selective substances to pass through it, the plasma membrane is also called as;
Differentially Permeable membrane
701
The energy required for active transport o substances is provided by:
ATP
702
In many animal cells the cell membrane helps to take in material by infoldings n the form of vacuole. This type of intake is termed as;
Endocytosis
703
Cell membrane transmits nerve impulse from oen part of the body to the other in:
Nerve Cells
704
The outermost boudnary ofa plant cell is:
Cell Wall
705
DNA content is comparatively low in;
Prokaryotic Cell
706
In which one of the following cells, both trascription and translation occrus in cytoplasm:
Moneran Cells
707
Thylakoids lie freely in cytoplasm in:
Prokaryotic Cells
708
Sap vacuoles are mostly absent in:
Prokaryotic Cells
709
There is no gametogenesis in
Prokaryotes
710
Microtubules and microfilaments are absent in:
Bacterial Cells
711
Chlorophyll is absent in:
Animal Cells
712
Pick up the characteristic of a plant cell:
Mitochondria are fewer
713
Pick up the characteristic of plant cells:
Anastral Spindle
714
Cytokinesis occurs by cell plate method in:
Plant cells
715
Pick up the characteristic of animal cell:
Tissue fluid is absent
716
They do not burst when placed in hypotonic solution:
Plant cells
717
Phospholipid molecules of plasma membrane are found in:
Parallel Arrangement
718
Following functons are performed by cell membrane, EXCEPT:
Autolysis
719
Infolds or invaginations in cell membrane are used for followign functions, EXCEPT
Microvilli Formaton
720
Diffusion and osmosis are two types of:
Passive Transport
721
Which of the following function is not performed by plasma membrane?
Osmotic Resistacne
722
Give an example of passive transport across the plasma membrane:
➡Plasmolysis
➡Deplasmolysis
723
A fluid droplet is ingested plasma membrane through:
Pinocytosis:
724
Which one of the following surfaces of plasma membrane is hydrophilic
Both outer and Inner
725
Human naked eye cannot differentiate the two points which have:
Distance of 2.0 μm between them
726
Two points located at 2.0 μm distance from each other can be differentiated:
By means of compound microscope
727
Two points which are 2-4 angstrom apart are illumianted for differentiation by:
Beam of electrons
728
The object observed by electron microscope looks upto:
250000X greater tha nactual ssize
729
Electron microscope magnifies the object ___ greater than that of compound microscope
500X
730
What is the primary difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes:
Prokaryotes do not have distinct nucleus and eukaryotes have a distinct nucleus
731
The cytoplasm of plant cells is:
Less viscous than animal cell
732
Regarding Euakryotes and Proakryotes, which statement is correct:
Euakryotes amy be uni-cellular or multicellular organisms
733
The main difference between animal and plant cell is that:
Animal cell lack rigid cell wall
734
Which of the following organelles is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Ribosomes
735
A prokaryotic cell lacks:
➡True Nucleus
➡Nuclear envelope
➡Membrane bounded organelles
736
Proakryotic cell does not possess:
Nuclear Enevelope
737
Protoplasm is the region:
Inside the cell membrane
738
Plant cells have ___ and ___, which are not present in animal cells:
➡Chloroplast
➡Cell Wall
739
Which of the following is true about protein layers in the plasma membrane?
Proteins are embedded in lipid layers in a mosaic manner
740
Main fabric of the plasma membrane is;
Phsopholipids
741
Tucked between the hydrophobic tails of the membrane phospholipids are present:
Cholesterol
742
Which of the following statements is correct?
Cholesterol is absent in bacterial plasma membrane
743
Carbohydrates in the plasma membrane are;
Attached to proteins or lipids on the extracellular side of the membrane
744
How many layers does fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane have?
2
745
The only difference in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membrane is:
Cholesterol
746
Plasma membrane is:
Differentially Permeable
747
The continuous part of the plasma membrane is the:
Phospholipid Bilayer
748
Cells are:
Characteristic o prokaryotic and eukaryotic organsims
749
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes:
Are smaller
750
Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?
Ribosomes
751
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?
It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus
752
A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely :
Producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
753
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
Central Vacuole
754
Plasma membrane is composed of ___ lipids:
20%-40%
755
Plasma membrane is composed of ____ proteins:
60%-80%
756
Which organism lacks cell wall?
Protozoa
757
Amino acids (Proteins) are present in the cell walls of:
Bacteria
758
Plant cell wall consist of how many layers:
3
759
The thickest of all plant cell walls is:
Secondary Cell Wall
760
The correct sequence of layers of cell wall from inside to outside is:
Secondary Cell Wall➡ Primary Cell Wall➡ Middle Lamella
761
In secondary cell wall, ___ cements and anchors cellulose mcirofibrils together:
Lignin
762
Chemically, ___ is about 90% water:
Cytosol
762
Which is/are the part(s) of cytoplasm?
➡Sol
➡Mitochondria
763
Granular endoplasmic reticulum is most abundant in cell types that are involved in:
Protein synthesis
764
Major portion of the cytosol is:
Water
765
The movement of cyclosis is becasue of :
Microfilaments
766
The digestive vacuoles and autophagosomes are also known as;
Primary Lysosome
767
One of the following is not double membranous structure:
Vacuole
768
Tonoplast is the membrane of:
Vacuole
769
Vacuoles are large vesicles that originate from the:
➡Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Golgi Complex
➡Plasma membrane
770
Budding off of transfer vesicles is form:
SER
771
The transport of secretory proteins takes palce through organelles in the order:
RER➡SER➡Golgi➡Secretory Vesicles
772
The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is to synthesize:
Protein that will be secreted by the cell
773
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is called 'rough' because:
➡Rough texture of the surface
➡Surface is studded with membrane proteins
➡Surface is studded with ribosomes
774
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
Is present in cells where drug detoxification is taking place
775
One of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is:
Regulation of intracellular calcium distribution
776
Which of the following statements are true regarding endoplasmic reticulum?
➡Endoplasmic reticulum provides structural framework to the cell
➡Endoplasmic reticulum acts as an intracellular transporting system
➡Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in synthesis of lipids
777
Concerning rough endoplasmic reticulum, it is:
➡Composed of membranous tubules and sacs
➡The site of protein syntheis that will be secreted by the cell
➡Has ribosomes attached with
778
A cell with predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is liekly specialized to:
Synthesize large quantities of lipids
779
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely deective in this condition?
The lysosome
780
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?
Smoth endoplasmic Reticulum
781
Mitochondiral component connected with ATP synthesis:
F1 particles
782
Inner membrane involutions of mitochondira are called:
Cristae
783
Mitochondiral cristae are sites of:
Oxidation Reduction Reaction
784
Mitochondira are self-replicating organelles as they have:
DNA
785
Which of the followng statements regarding mitochondiral membrane is not correct:
➡The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules❌
➡The enzymes of electron transport chain are embedded in the outer membrane✅
➡The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings❌
➡The outer membrane resembles a sieve❌
786
The type of spent energy in Mitochondira is;
ADP
787
The metabolic process that does not take place in mitochondria is:
Anaerobic Respiration
788
In mitochondira, F1 particles are present on the:
Inner side of inner membrane
789
The inner membrane of mitochondria bears stalked particles on the inner surface, which are called;
➡Oxysomes
➡Elementary particles
➡F0 - F1 particles
790
Which of the following pair is incorrect?
Mitochondira➡Fermentation
791
An example of binucleated cell is:
Paramecium
792
The nucleolus is formed of:
➡Protein
➡RNA
793
The nucleolus is formed of :
➡Granular
➡Fibrular
794
Nucleas has;
➡DNA
➡RNA
➡Proteins
795
Nucleolus is a prominent acidophilic spherical bodies in the nucleas. The function is:
Ribosomal subunit synthesis
796
Which of the following cell lacks nucleus?
Mature mammalian RBCs
797
Which of the following organelles always contains DNA?
Mitochondria
798
Which of the follwoing correctly describes the function of nuceloli?
The formation of ribosomes
799
Which of the follwoing cell strcutures contains the highest amount of RNA?
Nucleolus
800
A tadpole's tail is gradually broken down during metamorphosis into an adult frog. Which organelle increases in number in cells of the tail at this time?
Lysosome
801
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus. In which other organelle does transcrption occur?
Mitochondrion
802
A certain cell organelle which is made of a double phospholipid bilayer that has many large pores in it, is most likely the :
Nucleus
803
Passage thorugh pores in the nuclear envelope is restricted primarily to:
➡Proteins
➡RNA
➡Protein-RNA complexes
804
In a normal human being, number of sex chromosomes is:
2
805
which of the followign is the collection of sacks containing chlorophyll?
Thylakoids
806
Which of the following is the liquid inside the chloroplast?
Stroma
807
What is the primary purpose of cristae in the mitochondira?
Provide a large surface area for chemical reactions
808
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochodnria?
Mitochondrial Matrix
809
Magnification of a microscope having an objective lens of 35 X and eyepiece of 15 X would be:
525X
810
In which of the following units, the sedimentation coefficient of a sub-cellular particle is expressed?
Svedberg
811
If a biochemical analysis of mitochondria is to be done, the best procedure would be
Subject the cells to centrifugation and obtain mitochondria
812
‘Omnis cellula e cellula’. This statement was given by:
R. Virchow
813
Animal cell differs from plant cell in possessing:
Centrosomes
814
An organism having cytoplasm, DNA and RNA but no cell wall is:
Mycoplasma
815
Naked DNA without histones is found in:
Prokaryotes
816
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
817
Bacterial flagella do not show ATPase activity and 9+2 organization. These are chemically:
Flagellin
818
Lipid bilayer is associated with:
Plasma Mebrane
819
Which of the following is true for the carbohydrate portion of the cell membrane?
It forms the glycocalyx consisting of glycolipids and glycoproteins
820
In prokaryotic cells, the enzymes involved in the oxidation of metabolites are associated with:
Plasma Membrane
821
In facilitated diffusion:
Membrane protein binds to a specific solute and then undergoes a conformational change
822
If a living plant cell is placed in a concentrated sugar solution, the cell will:
Lose water and become plasmolysed
823
The blood cell which shows phagocytosis is:
Monocytes
824
The water soluble materials pass through the proteins called:
Channel Proteins
825
Intercellular material between two adjacent plant cells is:
Middle Lamella
826
Plasmodesmata connections help in:
Movement of substances between cells
827
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the cytosol?
It is located inside the nucleus and organelles
828
Endoplasmic reticulum work for the synthesis of:
Proteins
829
Endoplasmic reticulum is attached with:
Nuclear Membrane
830
A type of cell called a lymphocyte makes proteins that are exported from the cell. It is
possible to track the path of these proteins within the cell by labelling them with
radioactive isotopes. Which of the following might be the path of the protein from the site
where its polypeptides are made to the lymphocyte’s plasma membrane?
Rough ER→ Golgi→ Plasma membrane
831
The surface of the endoplasmic reticulum is studded with:
Ribosomes
832
Microsome is the collective name for:
Artificially generated disrupted membrane fragments of endoplasmic reticulum
833
Dictyosomes are:
Golgi Bodies
834
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to:
Secrete a lot of material
835
Vesicles are essential for the normal functioning of the Golgi apparatus because they:
Move proteins and lipids between different parts of the organelle
836
Lysosomes were discovered by:
De Duve
837
Which of the following cellular organelles is/are bounded by a single membrane?
Peroxisomes, Lysosomes, Mitochondria
Both peroxisomes and lysosomes but not mitochondria
838
Some of the enzymes which are associated in converting fats into carbohydrates are
present in:
Glyoxysomes
839
In mitochondria, cristae act as sites for:
Oxidation-reduction reactions
840
Which of the following statement is correct?
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA
841
F1 particles present in mitochondria are:
Oxysomes
842
Which of the following statement is not true with reference to mitochondria?
They divide in synchrony with cell cycle
843
Plastids develop from:
Proplastids
844
The functon of aleuroplast is to:
Store Protiens
845
Q
The stack of vesicles found inside plastids is:
Granum
846
Cell organelle common in Protista and Monera is:
Ribosome
847
All plastids have similar structure because they can:
Get transformed from one type to another
848
The larger subunit in 80S ribosome is:
60S
849
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing substances needed
by the cell?
Ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER
850
Ribosomes are classified according to their:
Sedimentation rate
851
The vacuole in the plant cell contains:
Cell sap
852
The cell nucleus was discovered by:
R. Brown
853
The nucleus is separated from surrounding cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane which is:
Double layered with pores
854
Nuclear membrane disappears during mitosis at:
Late Prophase
855
One key function of nuclear pores is to;
Allow molecules like proteins to move in and out of the nucleus
856
Nucleolus in eukaryotic cells is:
The site for packaging of rRNA with ribosomal proteins
857
Which of the following is a part of endomembrane system of eukaryotic cell?
Golgi Complex
858
Lysosomes are believed to originate from:
Golgi Complex
