UNIT#04 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards
Cell theory is not applicable to;
Viruses
What would be the resolving power of the objective length in a microscope, if the eyepiece is o 10X and the total magnification is 40X?
4X
The human naked eye can differentiate between two points which are how much apart?
0.1mm
What is the correct sequence of steps in cell fractionation?
Separation, Homogenization, Centrifugation
Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells in:
Cork
Micrographia is a famous publication of;
Robert Hooke
The presence in the nucleas was reported by:
Robert Brown
Cell theory was finally formulated by:
Schleiden and Schwann
The concept “OMNIS cellula-e-cellula” means that new cells are formed from:
Pre-existing cells
A cell consists of basic components:
➡Plasma membrane
➡Centrioles
➡Nucleas
Which of the ____ cells store surplus food?
Parenchymatous
Plant cells are distinguishable from animal cells containing:
Cell wall
Out of the given options, choose the one which shows the structures found only in plants:
Chloroplast, Microtubules, Peroxisomes
Pick the correct reference to plant cell
➡Mitochondria:✅
➡Peroxisome:✅
➡Centrioles:❌
Which features do animal cells share with plant cells?
➡Chloroplast:❌
➡Cytoplasm:✅
➡Nucleas:✅
➡Mitochondria:✅
The layers of cellulosic fibres in the cell wall are arranged with each other at:
Horizontal angle
Which of the following is related to the prokaryotic cell wall?
Sacculus
(polysaccharide chains forming peptidoglycan and muerin. The entire cell wall is sacculus)
It is absent in the secondary cell wall:
Cutin
(component of primary wall)
In which type of cells, cell wall not present:
Fungal cells
Cellulose is usually not found in:
Middle Lamella
Holding neighbouring cells together is a function of:
Middle Lamella
The cell wall is secreted by the:
Protoplasm
Chitin is found in the cell wall of:
Fungi
Which is found in the primary wall:
Pectin
Which part of cells formed on the inner race of a plant cell at the end:
Secondary cell wall
Which is not found in the secondary wall?
Pectin
The primary cell wall contains all except:
Lignin
Pectin is a polymer of:
Galacturonic acid
Cellulose and hemicellulose are found in:
➡Primary cell wall
➡Secondary cell wall
_____ hold primary cell walls together
Middle lamella
Which component provides the cell wall extra tensile, rigidness and compressional strength
Lignin
A cell wall is present only in all organisms except:
Viruses
Cellulose is the major component of:
Primary wall
The outermost layer in a typical plant cell would be:
Primary cell wall
A plant cell wall is mainly composed of which of the following?
Cellulose
The first layer of cell wall which is formed is called:
Middle Lamella
The secondary cell wall of sclerenchyma is impregnated with:
Lignin
The remaining material between adjacent plant cells
Middle lamella
Which of the following is a non-living component of a plant cell?
Cell wall
The cell wall of fungi contains:
Chitin
Components of secondary cell wall:
Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin
The cell wall is secreted by:
Protoplast
A cell without a cell wall is termed as:
Protoplast
The rectangular shape of plant cells is due to;
Cell wall
Which has a high affinity for water?
Cellulose
All of the following are common molecules in the membrane of all types of cells except:
Traces of carbohydrates
The hydrophobic portion of the plasma membrane of all types of cells except:
The inner core of the plasma membrane
Wich o the following describes the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane structure?
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
In the plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented:
Towards outside
(act as a receptor)
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of the animal cell membrane?
Prevent osmotic lysis
Which of the following acts as a receptor site on the plasma membrane?
Glycoprotein
Which structure is the most important or cellular life?
Cell membrane
(responsible for identity and integrity)
The intake of liquid materials across the cell membrane is:
Pinocytosis
Which substance from the following is important for the mechanical stability of cell hydrophobic as without it membranes quickly break and cells burst open? The hydrophobic region of these molecules helps to prevent ion or polar molecules from passing through the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane states that protein molecules float in a fluid-like _____ layer.
Phospholipid
The rapid exchange of materials through carrier proteins across the plasma membrane is called:
Facilitated Diffusion
(the process of transporting molecules via protein)
The basic structure of plasma membrane is provided by:
Phospholipids
Taking in of solid particle by the cell is called:
Phagocytosis
The self-eating ability of lysosome is called:
Autophagy
Passive processes for the movement of molecules across cell surface membrane are:
Facilitated Diffusion and Osmosis
The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane is:
In which protein molecules are free to move about the fluid bilayer of phospholipid molecules
Cell permeability and transport processes of cell membrane depend upon its:
Phospholipid
According to the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which zone is embedded inside?
Hydrophobic
Which of the following is not the function of the cell membrane?
Protein Synthesis
When a plant cell receives a signal for death, it commits suicide by rupturing:
Cell membrane
An enzyme that is attached to the cell membrane of the cell:
Adenylate cyclase
(synthesize cyclic AMP)
Which of the following is not associated with both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membrane?
DNA replication
The plasma membrane is found in the cells of:
➡Animals only
➡Plants only
➡Bacteria only
Cell membranes are composed of:
Lipids and Proteins
The cell membrane has 60-80%:
Proteins
The cell membrane has ____ thickness:
7nm
The cell membrane is:
Asymmetrical
Fluidity of cell membrane is due to:
Lipids
Fluidity of the membrane depends on its lipid components including:
➡Phospholipids
➡Glycolipids
➡Cholesterol
Which technique provided the primary evidence for the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane
➡Chemical analysis
➡Microscopic staining
Which component act as a thermal stabilizer to maintain membrane fluid nature at variable temperature
Cholesterol
The mosaic nature of cell membrane is due to:
Proteins
Which class of carbohydrates are usually found in cell membrane:
Oligosaccharide
All functions are collectively performed by both lipids and proteins except:
Protective Function
Which molecules pass with great difficulty:
Ions as charged particles
CD4 receptors on T-lymphocytes are _____ in nature
Glycoproteins
Which will require no expenditure of energy:
Osmosis
In many animal cells, the cell membrane helps to take in materials by infolding them in the form of vacuoles. This type of intake is termed as:
Endocytosis
Endocytosis which involves ingestion of solid material is
Phagocytosis
By which of the following can movements of materials across animal cell membranes be accomplished?
➡Active transport only
➡Diffusion only
➡Pinocytosis only
The structure of plasma membrane is mainly held together by:
➡Proteins
➡Phospholipids
➡Carbohydrates
Ions cannot cross which part of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
Damage to one of the following immediately kills the cell whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Cell membrane
What part of the cell serves as an intracellular highway?
Cell membrane
Glycolipids in the plasma membrane are located at?
The outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
Which statement is true about the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?
➡Permeable to a large ionic polar molecule
➡Permeable to a small ionic molecule
➡Permeable to an only polar molecule
✅None of the above
Peripheral parts of the cell are often like
Gel
It is false about the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells:
Transcription
All of the following organelles contain DNA except:
Ribosomes
The 40S is the smaller ribosomal subunit, associated with:
Yeast
Identify non-membranous organelle from the following:
Ribosome
Ribosomes are tiny organelles, which are involved in the synthesis of:
Protein
Which one of the following organelle is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosome
Ribosomes present in prokaryotes are:
The 70S
The Group of ribosomes attached to mRNA is called:
Polysome
Which of the following organelle consist of two sub-units
Ribosome
The site of protein synthesis in cell is:
Ribosome
Ribosomes are made up of _____ and _____.
RNA and proteins
The cytoplasmic organelle commonly found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:
Ribosome
The 70S-sized ribosomes are found in the cells of:
Bacteria
Select the organelle which is only present in animal cells?
Centrioles
Which of the following structures is present in both plant and animal cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?
Microtubule
Glycolysis is the common stage n both aerobic and anaerobic respiration and it occurs in ____ of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Which of the following is true about cytoplasm?
It is the region between the nucleus and cell membrane
The living substance of living beings is called:
Protoplasm
The plasma membrane and everything present is:
Protoplast
The soluble part of the cytoplasm is termed as:
Cytosol
Cyclosis and amoeboid movements are because of:
Microfilaments
Ribosomes combined with mRNA are called:
Polysome
Ribonucleoprotein particles are the same:
Eukaryotic Ribosomes
If 3 ribosomes attach to a single mRNA at different points then how many similar proteins will form:
1
What is the approximate ratio of RNA and protein in a ribosome?
1:1
Ribosomes are chemically composed of which the following?
➡Protein
➡RNA
It helps in the attachment of two ribosomal subunits:
Magnesium ion
Which of the following organelles is not bound by a membrane?
Ribosomes
The 60S and 40S sub-unit combine to form what size particle?
The 80S
Which of the following is synthesized by free-floating ribosomes of cytoplasm in humans?
DNA polymerase
The soluble part of the cytoplasm is known as the?
Cytosol
Enzymes that are an integral part of ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of which of the following molecules?
Proteins
The nucleolus is visible in:
Interphase
Which of the following organelle have a continuous connection with the nuclear membrane?
RER
It precisely describes the function of nucleoli:
Formation of ribosomes
rRNA is actively synthesized in:
Nucleolus
How many nuclear pores are present in a typical differentiated cell, such as RBC?
About 3-4 per nucleus
Ribosomal RNA is synthesized in:
Nucleolus
The structure present in a eukaryotic cell but absent in prokaryotic cells is:
Nucleus
It makes nucleoli during interphase:
Secondary constriction
In a generalized plant cell the nucleus is:
Displaced to the site of the cell
Generally, the cells with more than two nuclei are called:
Multinucleate
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and stored in
Nucleolus
New ribosomes are assembled in (one or few darkly stained visible bodies within the nucleus are called);
Nucleolus
Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is NOT true?
its inner membrane bears ribosome
Erythrocytes have pores per nucleus:
3 or 4
The nucleus contains (A chromosome is composed of):
DNA
Chromosomes are stained with:
Acetoarcin
Nucleolus appears and disappears during
Interphase and Cell division
The centromere is also called:
Primary constriction
Each centromere had two plaques of protein
Kinetochore
A nuclear organizer is also referred to (Satellite containing junk DNA is closer to)
Secondary constriction
The terminal end of chromosomes that avoids mixing of chromosomes is called:
Telomere
Some part of chromatic that is densely stained is called:
Heterochromatin
The number of chromosomes in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster
8
Germ cells of Drosophila have chromosomes
4
_____ is the heaviest particulate of the cell
Nucleus
Which of the following cells do not possess a nucleus?
➡Sevie tube cells
➡Bacteria
➡Red Blood cells
An animal has 80 chromosomes in its gametes, how many chromosomes will be seen in the animal’s muscle cells?
160`
The number of nuclear pores is highly variable in eukaryotic cells because?
Size of the nucleus
Which statement about the nucleolus is not true?
Hereditary centre
If an organism has a diploid number of 36, what is its haploid number?
18
The 23rd pair of chromosomes in man is:
Heteromorphic
Which of the following cell structure contains the highest concentration of RNA?
Nucleolus
All chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are called
Autosomes
Somatic cells of humans have how many pairs of chromosomes in total?
23
____ is responsible for making ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Nucleolus only
The soluble sap of the nucleus in a plant cell is called:
Nucleoplasm
Factory of ribosomal synthesis of:
Nucleolus
Double membranous organelle having pores
Nucleus
Which of the following best describes the function of RER in eukaryotic cells?
Synthesis of proteins
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the endoplasmic reticulum?
RER is more abundant than SER in adipose tissue
A function that is not related to smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
Enzyme synthesis
Which o the following organelle is associated with the single membrane?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following function is performed by both types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Mechanical Support
Which of the following organelle is responsible for the production of steroid hormones?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which one of the following cell structures are involved in the synthesis of lipids?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The organelle involved in the detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The nuclear membrane is continuous with:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following is correctly matched?
SER: Converts cholesterol into Vitamin D in the skin
Lipid Synthesis or lipid metabolism is the function of:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is responsible for the metabolism of:
Lipids
Select the one which is not a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER):
Processing of glycoproteins
Which of the following is not a product of ER in animal cells?
ATP synthase
The semi-circular channels and system of tubes found in the cytoplasm are known as:
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane-bounded sacs which are named as;
Cisternae
Lipids synthesis/ metabolism takes place in which of the following organelle?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which cell organelle is responsible for the transmission of impulses and detoxification of harmful drugs?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following is not a function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?
Synthesis of membrane proteins
Which of the following is a mesh of interconnected membranes involved in protein synthesis and transport?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following is false about the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is found only in voluntary muscle cells
Does cytoplasmic streaming movement cause flow of all of the following except?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which one of the following is involved in lipid metabolism?
➡Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Golgi apparatus
➡Chloroplast
✅None of the above
Sarcoplasm is different from cytoplasm:
➡It contains sarcoplasmic reticulum
➡It contains glycogen
➡It contains glycogen and oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin
______ are storage bodies for intracellular calcium.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is not involved in:
Conversion of mRNA to amino acids
Which of the following is not the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of conjugated molecules
The function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is ____.
Synthesis of lipids
Spherical or tubular membranes which separate the material present in the endoplasmic reticulum from that of cytoplasmic material are called?
Cisternae
Which of the following is not the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of conjugated molecules
Network of tubules continuous with nuclear membrane:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
If a radioactive amino acid is given to an organism, the organelle that shows radioactivity the very first time:
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Sarcoplasmic reticulum cells are those cells that contain:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum more
______ extends from the nucleus and touches cell membarne.
➡Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is not found in the composition of the Endoplasmic Reticulum:
DNA
Which of the following is not a function of SER?
Synthesis of membrane proteins
Which of the following cell organelle can be viewed with the help of high power light microscope?
Mitochondria
It is the correct location of ATP synthase in mitochondria:
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following structure is involved in oxidative phosphorylation?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
The Krebs cycle occurs in the ______ of mitochondria.
Matrix
Which of the following cell type is more appropriate to study mitochondria?
Muscle cell
In Mitochondria, small knob-like structures called F1 particles are found in:
Inner Membrane
Which organelle is bounded by two membranes?
Mitochondria
The inner membrane of mitochondria forms extensive infoldings called:
Cristae
Functionally, mesosomes can be compared with:
Mitochondria
The inner membrane of mitochondria forms extensive infoldings called:
Cristae
Functionally, mesosomes can be compared with:
Mitochondria
Organelle involved in aerobic respiration:
Mitochondria
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is called:
Cristae
Which organelle is required for aerobic respiration?
Mitochondria
The finger-like infoldings formed by the inner membrane of mitochondria are called:
Cristae
The structure in the double membrane-bounded organelle, primarily involved in ATP generation through cellular respiration is:
F1-particles
R0-F1 particles is another name for:
ATP synthase
Cristae are found in:
Mitochondria
Infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondria are:
Cisternae
Powerhouse machinery is inherited by future offspring by:
Sperm o father
The number of mitochondria increases within a cell is
Self-Replication
Which cell will have move mitochondria than the others
Pancreatic cell
Oxysomes were discovered by
E.Rocker
F1 particles are involved in:
ATP synthesis
______ types of RNA are found in Mitochondria
3
Which organelle is considered to be organisms within an organism
➡Mitochondria
➡Chloroplast
Which of the following reactions does not occur in the mitochondrial matrix
Glycolysis
A number of mitochondria are controlled by
Lysosomes
The structures that are involved in the manufacture and supply of energy to the cell are:
Mitochondria
ADP is regenerated by mitochondria into which of the following?
ATP
Which of the following is not present in mitochondria?
Thylakoid
The outer and inner membranes of mitochondria are?
Structurally and functionally different
Which o the following is not a character of mitochondria?
The number of mitochondria is constant
Inner membrane convulsions of the mitochondria are called?
Cristae
Diameter of mitochondria ranges between:
0.5-1 μm
It is a true statement:
A lot of mitochondria are present in axons
Enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix help in which of the following metabolic processes?
➡Krebs cycle
➡Aerobic Respiration
➡Fatty acid metabolism
_____ plays role in respiration.
Mitochondria
Which of the following combination is an example of self-replicating organelle?
➡Mitochondria
➡Chloroplast
Which of the following is a double membranous organelle?
➡Nucleus
➡Mitochondira
➡Chloroplast
F1 particles are present in:
Mitochondria
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with:
Haem part of haemoglobin
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
Inter-granum is photosynthetic
Which statement is correct about mitochondria and chloroplast?
70S ribosome is attached to the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplast
Identify the correct pair from the following options:
Modification - Golgi apparatus
Modification of proteins and lipids into glycoproteins and glycolipids is the function of:
Golgi apparatus
Golgi complex is involved in the formation of:
Lysosomes
The transport of secretory proteins takes place through organelles in which of the following order?
RER➡SER➡Golgi apparatus➡Secretory vesicles
The cisternae break up into vesicles from ____ and ___ of the Golgi complex
Concave, Forming face
Which cell organelle is responsible for cell secretion?
Golgi body
Which o the following organelles are involved in the synthesis of the plant cell walls?
Golgi complex
Which of the following does not originate from the Golgi complex?
All originate from the Golgi complex
Phragmoplast is associated with:
Golgi complex
Golgi apparatus is concerned with cells:
Secretion
Organelle _____ is concerned with cell secretion:
Golgi complex
Which of the following modifies proteins and lipids by adding carbohydrates?
Golgi apparatus
Another name for Golgi-Complex is;
Dictyosome
Which cell organelle lacks nucleic acid?
Golgi apparatus
Golgi complex was discovered by which scientist?
Camillo Golgi
Proteins and lipids are converted into glycolipids and glycoproteins by adding carbohydrates?
Golgi apparatus
Golgi complex is responsible for the formation of secretory granules in _____ cell?
Pancreatic
The pancreas produces secretory granules that help in digestion. The see granules after passing through the endoplasmic reticulum are pinched off from the surface of the Golgi apparatus?
Maturing face
What shape of the maturing phase of the Golgi apparatus is?
Concave
Which organelle forms the cell membrane?
Golgi body
Which is incorrectly matched:
Golgi apparatus➡Intercellular digestion✅
Cell membrane➡Cell Recognition❌
SER➡Carbohydrate metabolism❌
RER➡Protein synthesis❌
Which of the folllowng organelle is most abundant in those animal cells which exhibit phagocytic activity?
Lysosomes
It is a disease characterised by the accumulation of lipids in the brain cells leading to mental retardation and even death:
Tay-Sachs disease
Tay-Sachs disease occurs when cells are unable to produce an enzyme leading to the build of certain lipids in the cell. Which cell structure would not function correctly?
Lysosomes
These structures are involved in the breakdown of old organelles:
Lysosomes
Strictly speaking, autophagosomes are actually:
Secondary Lysosome
Suicidal bags are:
Lysosomes
Lysosomes were isolated and studied for the first time by (Lysosomes were discovered by):
De-Duve
Any foreign object that gains entry inside the cell is immediately engulfed by:
Lysosome
A tadpole’s tail is gradually gained entry inside the cell and is immediately engulfed by:
Lysosome
The size of lysosomes ranges between:
0.2 to 0.5 μm
Lysosomes are ____ organelles.
Single membranous
_____ is the self-digestion of a cell by releasing the contents of lysosomes within the cell.
Autolysis
Tay-Sachs disease results due to accumulation in brain cells:
Lipids
What are autophagosomes?
➡Those lysosomes which eat parts of their own cells to generate energy
➡Those lysosomes which eat old and worn-out cellular organelles
Lysosomes are known as “suicidal bags” because of:
Hydrolytic activity
Which of the following cell organelle does not contain DNA?
Lysosomes
The process of self-digestion of selective nonfunctional organelle by cells through the actions of enzymes originating from the cell is called?
Autophagy
Phagocytosis, autophagy and extracellular digestion are the functions of:
Lysosomes
A disease caused by the absence of a lysosomal enzyme responsible for lipid catabolism:
Tay-Sachs disease
The cells which lack lysosomes would have difficulty in which of the following
Digesting food
Lysosomes are formed by:
Golgi Complex
Which of the following eukaryotic organelle has a symbiotic origin with bacteria?
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with:
Haem part of haemoglobin
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
➡CO2 fixation occurs in stroma✅
➡Chloroplasts are self-replicating✅
➡Inter-granum is photosynthetic❌
➡Chloroplasts have 70S ribosomes✅
Which of the following statement is correct about mitochondria and chloroplast?
70S ribosome is attached to the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplast
Among the followings which cellular organelle contains circular DNA similar to those found in bacteria?
Chloroplast
Each chloroplast contains ___ grana
40-50
Plastids are present only in:
Plant cell and algae
In a plant cell, chlorophyll is present in (In photosynthetic plant cells, membrane-bound structures containing green pigment are called):
Chloroplasts
Stroma is fluid in the chloroplast:
Matrix
The fluid which surrounds the thylakoids is called:
Stroma
Which statement about plastids is true?
They contain DNA and ribosome
Proplastids are found in:
➡Flowers & Fruits
➡Shoot
➡Root
Etioplast on exposure to sunlight develop into:
Chloroplast
Elaioplast store
Lipids
Dark reaction/ CO2 fixation takes place in:
Stroma
Which part of thylakoids take part in light reaction actively
Smaller thylakoid
Which of the following is colourless?
Leucoplasts
Leucoplasts are a kind of:
Plastids
The type of plastids found in the roots of plants:
Leucoplasts
In the plants, 50 or more thylakoids piled upon each other to form?
Granum
The dense fluid-filled region in the chloroplast is called:
Stroma
Enzymes in Calvin Cycle are found in which cell organelle?
Chloroplast
Which type of cell would be the most appropriate for the study of chloroplasts?
Photosynthetic cell
Stacked of thylakoids in chloroplasts is called?
Grana
Which of the following organelle is involved in the release o oxygen?
Chloroplast
The matrix surrounding the grana in the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called?
Stroma
Plants store food in;
Leucoplast
Double membranous structures having coins like stacks of membranes are known as:
Chloroplast
The Yellowing and brown end of the leaf is because o a deficiency of:
Chlorophyll
The Colour of the petals is due to:
Chromoplast
Enzymes for the light-dependent reaction are present in:
Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
____ provides support for the individual plant cell and contributes to the turgidity of the leaves and younger parts of plants.
Vacuole
What is the specific name given to the biological membrane that surrounds the vacuoles?
Tonoplast
The presence of a large central vacuole is the characteristic of:
Plants
Which of these is solely present in plant cells only?
Central vacuole
The membrane separating the vacuole from the cytoplasm is called:
Tonoplast
Which of the following statement is true?
Prokaryotic cells evolved before eukaryotic cells
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes
Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes
Presence of ribosomes
The distinguishing feature of a prokaryotic cell is its:
Cell Wall
(Composed of peptidoglycan/muerin)
Peptidoglycan or muerin is a special or distinctive feature of the cell wall in:
Bacteria
DNA molecule in prokaryotes is:
Single, Circular Double stranded molecule not bounded by a membrane
In prokaryotic cell wall strengthening material is:
Murein
What combination is found in prokaryotic cells?
➡Mitochondria: Absent
➡Ribosomes: Present
➡DNA: Present
➡RNA: Present
Bacteria are :
Haploid
Introns are present in ___ only.
Eukaryotes
Plasmids that are transferred during conjugation are called
Transmissible
Flagella in prokaryotes are made up of protein called:
Flagellin
Flagella in eukaryotes are made up of protein called:
Tubulin
Structures not found in prokaryotes are:
Cytoskeleton
A respiratory activity like Mtochondiria in prokaryotes is performed by:
Mesosomes
Glycolacyx is made up of:
➡Capsule
➡Slime
Binary fission is found in:
Bacteria
Which combination of organelles is usually present in both animal and plant cells?
➡Mitochondira
➡Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Ribosomes
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organells. How, then are prokaryotes able to generate energy?
Prokaryotes generate proton gradients across their plasma membrane
Which statement describes an incorrect difference between a plant cell and a bacterial cell?
➡The bacterial call has 70S ribosomes whereas a plant cell has 80S ribosomes
➡Bacterial cell divides by binary fission whereas a plant cell divides by mitosis
➡Bacterial Cells do not have a nuclear membrane whereas plant cells have
✅None of the above
Which of the following components of an animal cell is not observed in a bacterial cell?
Nucleus
Eukaryotes can share which of the following structures with prokaryotes?
Cytoplasm
Which structure differentiates eukaryotic form a prokaryotic cell
Nuclear Membrane
The presence of which of the following feature would best indicate a eukaryotic cell?
Well-Defined membranous organelles
In a typical compound microscope, the resolving power is_________,which is about that of naked eye, respectively.
2.0 micrometer, 500X
Which of the following type of microscope is used to study the internal structures of cells?
Electron microscope
It is an example of semi autonomous organelle found in both animal and plant cells:
Mitochondria
Which of the following is not present in plant cells?
Flagella
All of the following are common molecules in membrane of all type of cells except
Cholesterol
Hydrophobic portion of Plasma membrane is present in/at
Inner core of plasma membrane
Which of the following describes the fluid mosaic model of Plasma membrane structure
Phospholipid bilayer embedded proteins
In plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented
Towards outside
Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of animal cell membrane?
Prevent from osmotic lysis
Which of the following acts as receptor site on plasma membrane
Glycoprotein
Which structure is more important for cell life
Cell membrane
Which of the following best describes the function of RER in eukaryotic cells?
Synthesis of proteins
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding endoplasmic reticulum
RER is more than SER in adipose tissue
A function that is not related to smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme synthesis
Which of the following organelle is associated with single membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following function is performed by both types of Endoplasmic reticulum
Mechanical support
Which of the following organelle is responsible for the production of steroid hormones
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
All of the following organelles contain DNA except
Ribosomes (do not have DNA)
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast (contain DNA)
40S is smaller ribosomal subunit associated with
Yeast
Ribosomes are associated with all of the following organelles except
Golgi apparatus
Identify nonmembranous organelle from the following
Ribosome
Identify the correct pair from the following options
Modification- Golgi apparatus
Modification of proteins and lipids into glycoproteins and glycolipid is the function of
Golgi apparatus
Golgi complex is involved in the formation of
Lysosomes
The transport of secretory proteins takes place through organelles in which of the following order?
RER—– SER—-Golgi apparatus—–Secretory vesicles
Which of the following organelle is most abundant in those animal cells which exhibit phagocytic activity
Lysosomes
Strictly speaking autophagosomes are actually
Secondary lysosomes
It is a disease characterised by accumulation of lipids in the brain cells leading to mental retardation and even death
Tay-Sach’s disease
________ provides support for the individual Plant cell and contributes to the turgidity of leaves and younger parts of plants
Vacuole
What is the specific name given to biological membrane that surrounds the vacuoles
Tonoplast
Which of the following protein is present in micro tubules
Tubulin
All of the following proteins are present in microfilaments of skeletal muscle cell except
Tubulin
Actin, myosin and tropomyosin are present
Number of centrioles in a Cell after completion of G2 phase and during metaphase of mitosis is _______and_______ respectively.
4,4
Which of the following cell organelli can be viewed with the help of high power light microscope
Mitochondria
It is the correct location of ATP synthase mitochondria
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following structure is involved in oxidative phosphorylation
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Kreb cycle occurs in______of Mitochondria
Matrix
Which of the following cell type is more appropriate to study mitochondria
Muscle cell
Which of the following eukaryotic organelle has symbiotic origin with bacteria
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with
Chlorophyll molecule resembles with
Which of the following statement is incorrect
Inter-granum is photosynthetic
Nucleolus is visible in
Interphase
Which of the following organelle have a continuous connection with the nuclear membrane
RER
It precisely describe the function of nucleoli
Formation of ribosomes
rRNA is actively synthesized in
Nucleolus
How many nuclear pores are present in a typical differentiated cells such as red blood cells
About 3-4 per nucleus
Which of the following statement is true
Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes not have internal membrane
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following feature in common
Presence of ribosomes
The distinguishing feature of prokaryotic cell is its
Cell wall
Cytoplasmic streaming movement causes flow of all except
Endoplasmic reticulum
Movement of Na+ across axon membrane via Sodium Potassium pump is an example of
Active transport
Cell without nucleoli Die because they do not possess:
Ribosomes
The source of illumination in electron microscope is
Beam of electrons
These play vital role in defence activity of macrophages
Lysosomes
Damage to one of the following immediately kills the cell whether its prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Cell membrane
Which of these is not a part of murein?
Proteins
Which one always passes through nuclear membrane from nucleoplasm to cytoplasm
RNA
They help to detoxify the harmful drugs
SER
In Golgi apparatus cisternae are thought to be moving from________to_______ face
Convex, concave
It is mismatched with reference to mitochondrial membrane
Outer membrane – chemiosmosis
In cross section, each centriole consists of cylindrical array of
9 microtubule triplets
Cell secretions are actually produced at _____ then transported to outside through ______and ______.
Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
Types of ribosome present in the cytosol and organelles of Eukaryotic cell are respectively
60S and 40S
Which of the following cell types would you expect to be abundant with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies?
1.Plasma B cells( produce antibodies)
2. adipose cells (store fats)
3.Islets of Langerhans ( secret insulin)
4. red blood cells (transport oxygen)
1 and 3 only
Which of the following is a protective structure in bacterial cells
Cell wall
Plant cells are distinguishable from animal cells in containing
Cell wall
Endoplasmic reticulum is absent in
Prokaryotic cells
Which one is always unicellular
Mycoplasma
If size of particle is large or it has polarity the suitable method of transportation will be
Facilitated diffusion
Nucleolus contains
Ribosomal precursor
Transport of glucose into the cell with the help of insulin is an example of
Facilitated diffusion
The functional units of Golgi apparatus is
Cisternae
Centrioles/centrosome takes part in
Spindle formation
Outer and inner membrane of Mitochondria are
Structurally and functionally different
Which substances can cross plasma membrane more easily
Lipids soluble
Parts of cell membrane which is in contact with external and internal environment is
Hydrophilic
The ratio of RNA and protein in a ribosome is
1:1
Secretory granules bud off from
Golgi bodies
What is a polysome
1mRNA and many ribosomes
The vesicles which diffused to form stack of cisternae sacs are derived from
SER
Which one is a self replicating organelle
Mitochondria
The exact replica of the chromosome is
Chromatid
Which of the following organelle is involved in autophagy
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are most abundant in
Animal cells having phagocytic activity
The absence of an enzyme that is involved in the catabolism of lipids results in
Tay-Sach’s Disease
The lysosomes which eat parts of their own cells or cellular component during cellular starvation are called
Autophagosomes
Enzymes necessary for photosynthesis are present in
Chloroplast
Small and many vacuoles are generally found in
Plant cell
(Young plant cells have small vacuoles)
In a non dividing cell centrioles are ______in number
2
The conversion of amino acids into proteins is the function of
Ribosomes
The process of photosynthesis occurs at
Chloroplast
The size and number of Mitochondria in a Cell depends upon which factor
Physiological activities
Which cell would have chloroplast in abundance
Mesophyll cells
The type of cytoskeletal proteins that play important role in assembly and disassembly of spindle during Mitosis
Micro tubules
Which of the following can maintain the shape of the cell
Intermediate filaments
Which of the following function is not performed by the cell membrane of the plant cell
Phagocytosis
Organelles involved in organic molecule synthesis and organic molecule breakdown respectively
Chloroplast and mitochondria
Which organelli in Eukaryotic cell functionally resemble with mesosomes of prokaryotic cell
Mitochondria
Which type of molecule will make channels for movement of neutral substances down concentration gradient
Protein
Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosome
A cell producing cytoplasmic enzymes
Which of the following possesses a micro tubular structure similar to basal body
Centriole
Mitochondria have enzyme for all of these processes except
Replication of DNA
glycolysis (if in options)
If cell organelli present near the exterior surface of the nucleus and consist of cylindrical array of 9 clusters each having 3 micro tubules then the organelle would be
Centriole
Concerning entry of substances through plasma membrane which statement is correct
Only active transport needs energy
An organelle having its own DNA, ribosomes and protein formation indicate that the organelle is
Self replicating
The components of cells including its organelles can be separated by a process called;
Cell Fractionation
A structure that is commonly present in both plant and animal cells is:
Peroxisomes
Which of the following structures is not found in an animal cell?
Plasmodesmata
In the cell wall, ____ molecules are arranged in criss-cross arrangement
Cellulose
__ is the smallest unit that can carry out all activities of life
Cell
Most of the plant cells do not have:
➡Flagellum
➡Centriole
➡Lysosome
Phagocytosis is the common character of:
Animal cell
A human cheek cell and a spongy mesophyll cell from a leaf are examined under a microscope. The structures observed common in both are:
➡Cell membrane
➡Nucleus
➡Cytoplasm
Most abundant components of plasma membrane are:
Proteins
According to fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane, protein molecules are:
Embedded like mosaic
It serves as site for various chemical reactions and house organelles of a cell:
Cytoplasm
Which of the following metabolic process is said to be occur in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
Consider a protein that is synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the folowing location is not possible final destination for this protein?
Cytoplasm
According to fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane, protein molecules are;
Embedded like mosaic
It serves as site for various chemical reactions and house of organelles of a cell:
Cytoplasm
Which of the following metabolic process is said to occur in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
Endoplasmic reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane-bounded sacs which are named as:
Cisternae
Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of flattened membrane bounded:
Sacs
The larger sub-unit of a eukaryotic ribosome sediments at:
60S
In any cell, ribosomes can exist in all of the following forms except:
Attached with Golgi bodies
Which organelle covers main space of the cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
In plants, ___ is the major contributor to the turgor that provides support for the individual plant cell.
Vacuole
Accumulation of lipids in brain cells lead to mental retardation and even death.
Tay-Sach’s disease
Which of the following type of WBCs depend upon lysosomes for killing foreign agents
Neutrophils
Cell organelle responsible for turgor movement in plants is:
Vacuole
Reactions of Krebs cycle occur in/ at ___ of mitochondria.
Inner compartment
Under compound microscope, mitochondria look like all except:
Lamella
Mitochondria are absent in :
➡Blue Green algae
➡RBC
The organelle, which acts as factory of sugar synthesis:
Chloroplast
Pick an incorrect statement about chloroplast:
➡Present in all bryophytes❌
➡Present in all algae❌
➡Present in all plants❌
➡Present in all photosynthetic organisms✅
Nuclear Nuclear pores regulate transport of substances between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Substances that enter in nucleus are;
➡ATP
➡Enzymes
Which of the following cannot be termed as “mono-nucleate’?
Platelets
It is not a property of nuclear membrane:
impermeable to water
Large molecular weight rRNA and rDNA are present in which part of nucleolus:
Central Fibril are
Genteic material of a prokaryotic cell is found in:
Cytoplasm
In peptidoglycan cell wall of a bacterial cell, polysaccharide chains are bound to short chains of amino acids thorugh;
Covalent bond
Cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells is associated with:
Cell membrane
Which feature helps to differentiate prokaryotic cell from eukaryotic cell?
Composition of membranes
Regarding cytoplasm of bacterial cell, this is not true:
It contains single circular DNA
The components of cells including its organells can be separated by a process called;
Cell fractionation
The cells of plants and animals can be distinguished by the presence or absence of;
Cell wall
A structure that is commonly present in both plant and animal cells is;
Peroxisomes
In fungi, cell wall is composed of _____, while in bacteria, it is composed of ____ respectively.
➡Chitin
➡Murein
Most abundant components of plasma membrane are:
Proteins
The only way in which a very large molecule such as protein could cross a cell membrane is;
Endocytosis
It serves as site for various chemical reactions and house of organelles of a cell:
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein in;
1:1
Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of flattened memrbaen bounded;
Sacs
Golgi complex is involved in the folrmation of __-
Lysosomes
Lysosomal enzymes are syntheiszed by;
RER
Tay-Sach’s disease is due to the deficiency of;
Enzyme
Lysosomes are present in all of the following type of cells except;
Eryhtrocytes
In plants, ___ is the major contributor to the turgor that provides support for the individual plant cell.
Vacuole
It is incorrect about vacuoles found in animals cells;
Central in position
It is an example of non-membranous organelle:
Ribosome
Most the plant cell do not have:
➡Flagellum
➡Centriole
➡Lysosome
Transfer of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration thorugh carrier proteins is called:
Facilitated diffusion
All of the following functions are related with cell membrane except;
Protection from osmotic lysis
The concentration of potassium ions in a red blood cell is much higher than it is in the surrounding blood plasma, yet potassium ions continue to move into the cell. The process by which potassium ions move into the cell is called:
Active Transport
in unit membrane model, the region of lipid bilayer attached to globular proteins is:
Hydrophilic
A function of eukaroytic cell that occurs in cytoplasm:
Fermentation
Most abundant substance in protopasm is:
Water
Ribosomes are classified accoridng to their:
Sedimentation rate
Ribosomes in the chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells are:
The same size and composition as in bacteria
Which organelle covers main space of the cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoplasmic streaming movement causes the flow of all except:
Endoplamsic Reticulum
Which one of the following possesses the most prominent Golgi apparatus
An islet of langerhans cell
It is an example of secondary lysosome:
Digestive vacuole
Lysosomes ar single membranous organelles that mainly contain;
Hydrolyric enzymes
Which o the following enzyme found in peroxisomes is involved in the breakdown of H2O2?
Catalase
Cell organelle responisble or turogr movement in plants is:
Vacuole
Membrane which surrounds the vacuole is called:
Tonoplast
Reactions of Krebs cycle occur in of mitochondria
Inner compartment
The size and number of mitochondria depends on cell’s:
Physiological activity
Under compound microscope, mitochondria look like all except:
Lamella
Mitochondira contain all of the following except:
Thylakoids
Mitochondria are absent in:
➡Blue Green algae
➡RBC
The organelle, whic hacts as actory of sugar synthesis:
Chloroplast
If we separate the cell organelles of a living cell, then which part can be alive?
Chloroplast
Pick an incorrect statement about chloroplast:
Present in all photosynthetic organisms
Nuclear pores regulate transport substances between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Substances that enter in nucleus are;
➡ATP
➡Enzymes
Which of the following cannot be termed as “mono-nucleates”
Platelets
All of the following are not visible during dividing phase in a frog’s skin cell except:
Chromosomes
Cytoskeleton is present in all of the following except:
Bacterial cells
In peptidoglycan cell wall of a bacterial cell, polysaccharides chains are bound to short chains of amino acids thorugh:
Covalent bond
What is the similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Composition of ribosomes
Semiautonoomus organelle is;
Chloroplast
Which of the following organelle is not present in plant cells?
Flagella
Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum n eukaryotic cells?
Synthesis of Proteins
Which of the following eukaryotic organelle has symbiotic origin with bacteria?
Chloroplast
Which of the following statements is true?
Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells
Which of the following organelle lack ribosomes?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following memebrane has largest number of proteins?
Inner Mitochondrial membrane
In the plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented:
Towards Outside
Which o the followig organelle have a continuous connection with nuclear membrane?
RER
Which of the following organelle lack ribosomes?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following membrane has the most significant number of proteins?
Inner Mitochondrial membrane
In the plasma membrane, carbohydrates combine with the lipids and proteins to form glycolipids and glycoproteins and are oriented:
Towards outside
Which of the following organelle have a continuous connection with the nuclear membrane?
RER
The transport of secretory protein takes place through organelles in order;
RER➡ SER➡ Golgi apparatus➡Secretory Vesicles
Protein Glycosylation occurs in:
Lumen Of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following structure involved in oxidative phosphorylation?
Inner Mitochondrial membrane
Identify the non-mmebranous organelle form the following;
Ribosome
The hydrophobic portion of plasma membrane present in/at:
Towards extracellular Matrix
Which of the following describes the fluid membrane model of plasma membrane structure?
Phospholipid Bilayer with embedded Proteins
The nucleolus is visible in
Interphase
Q
The 40S is a small ribosomal unit of:
Yeast
(Eukaryote)
Which of the following cell organelle can be viewed with the help of a high-power light microscope?
Mitochondria
All of the following proteins are present in microfilament except:
Tubulin
(Microtubules)
Which of the following is not present in a plant cell?
Lysosomes
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which o the following feature in common:
Ribosomes
Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the endoplasmic reticulum?
RER is more than SER in adipose tissue
All of the following is not a characteristic of the animal cell membrane?
Synthesis of ATP
With respect to their surrounding membrane systems, which is the odd one out?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following protein is present in microtubules?
Tubulin
Golgi complex is involved in the formation of;
Lysosome
Which function is perfomred by both types of ER?
Mechanical Support
The free-floating organelles are;
Chloroplast
A distinguished feature of a prokaryotic cell is its:
Cell Wall
krebs cycle occurs in __ of mitochondria?
Matrix
Which acts as a receptor site on the plasma membrane?
Glycoprotein
Which of the following cell type is more appropriate to study mitochondria?
Muscle Cells
Which is the correct pair?
Modification➡Golgi apparatus
Which structure is more important for cell life?
Cell membrane
Which of the following organelle is responsible for the production o steroid hormones?
Golgi Bodies
The number of centrioles in a cell after completion of the G2 phase and during metaphase of mitosis is _____ and ___ respectively.
➡2
➡4
All of the following are common molecules in the membrane of all types of cells except:
Cholesterol
A function that is not related to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme Synthesis
Which of the following function is not performed by the cell membrane of a plant cell?
Phagocytosis
Organelles in organic molecule synthesis and organic molecule breakdown respectively.
➡Chloroplast
➡Mitochondria
Which organelles in eukaryotic cells functionally resemble mesosomes of the prokaryotic cell?
Mitochondria
Which type of molecule will make channels or movement of neutral substances down concentration gradients?
Protein
Under which of the followng conditions, would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?
A cell producing cytoplasmic enzymes
Which of the following possesses a microtubular structure similar to a basal body?
Centriole
Mitochondria have enzymes for all o these processes except:
Fermentation
If the cell organelle presents near the exterior surface of the nucleus and consists o a cylindrical array of nine clusters each having three microtubules, then the organelle would be:
Centriole
Concerning the entry of substances through the plasma membrane, which statement is correct?
Only active transport needs energy
An organelle having its own DNA, ribosomes and protein formation indicates that the organelle is;
Self-Replicating
It is generally absent in a typical prokaryotic cell membrane:
Sterols
All of the following are found in the prokaryotic cytoplasm except:
Cytoskeleton
It is the largest organelle found in a typical plant cell:
Vacuole
Q
Out of the given options, choose the one which shows the structures found only in plant cells:
➡Chloroplast
➡Cell Wall
➡Vacuole
Identify the incorrect pair rom the following options:
➡DNA Replication - Nucleus❌
➡Anaerobic respiration - Cristae✅
➡Protein Synthesis - RER❌
➡Glycosylation - Golgi Complex❌
Sacculus is another name used for the entire bacterial:
Cell Wall
The ratio of water and dissolved substance in cytosol is:
9:1
Glycoproteins are generally found:
On the outer surface of cell membrane
the most abudnant component of plasma membrane is;
Proteins
Which of the following membrane transport mechanism is shown in the following diagram?
Endocytosis
Which statement about plasma membrane is not true?
➡Chemically it is lipoprotein❌
➡The bilayer is symetrical✅
➡Transport across the membrane is majorly mediated by the proteins❌
➡It is a flexible structure❌
Vacuoles may originate from:
➡Cell Membrane
➡Golgi Complex
➡Endoplasmic Reticulum
From the following list, identify the total number of single membranous organelle found in E.Col:
0
What is the specific name given to the following arrangement in a cell?
Polysome
The metabolic process that takes place in cytoplasm in eukaroytic cells is;
Glycolysis
All of the following are the functions of cell wall except:
Regulation of transport of materials
In plant cells, the middle lamella is mainly composed of:
➡Pectin
➡Salts
Secondary cell wall is formed between the primary cell wall and plasma membrane and found only in:
Sclerenchyma Cells
Which of the following organelle is exclusively found in animal cells?
Centrosome
The spherical or tubular membranes that make up the endoplasmic reticulum are called:
Cisternae
It is not a function of SER:
➡Ca+2 Storage❌
➡Transport of RER proteins to Golgi complex❌
➡Synthesis of phospholipids❌
➡Synthesis of lysozyme✅
In muscles, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is closely resembles with:
SER
RER is frequently in those cells associated with frequent synthesis and secretion of:
Glycoproteins
It acts as the factory for the synthesis of ribosomes in prokaryotes:
Cytoplasm
The larger subunit of chloroplast ribosomes sediments at:
50S
Golgi apparatus was discovered by C. Golgi in:
1898
Golgi apparatus is virually found in all of the following eukaryotic cells except:
Erythrocytes
What is the term used for special Golgi bodies which are involved in the formation of phragmoplast?
Dictyosomes
It is the integral membrane protein, having enzymatic function:
Adenylate cyclase
It is not a function performed by the lysosomes:
Endocytosis
It is the correct sequence of organelles involvevd in the formation of lysosomes:
RER➡ SER➡ Golgi Apparatus
It is an example of storage disease characterized by accumulation of fats in the brain cells:
Tay-Sach’s Disease
Lysosomes are equipped with about:
40 different digestive enzymes
The optimum pH for working of the lysosomal enzyme is:
Slightly Acidic
Which of the following organelles are involved n photorespiration:
➡Peroxisomes
➡Mitochondria
It is not true for vacuoles:
➡Animal cells have different types of vacuoles❌
➡The material in plant vacuoles is called “cell sap”❌
➡Plant vacuole is formed by coalescence of smaller vacuoles❌
➡Dividng plant cells also have a central vacuole✅
The outer layer of mitochondria is highly permeable due to the presence of porins. These porins are:
Channel Proteins
The mitochondrial DNA is:
➡Double Stranded
➡Circular
Strictly speaking, the oxysomes in mitochondrial cristae are:
ATP synthase
The number o mitochondria in a cell depends on:
Physiological activity o the cell
Krebs cycle takes place in/on:
Mitochondrial Matrix
The young mature developing plastids are;
Proplastids
The G3P prodcution in chloroplast takes place n:
Stroma
Q
If you want to isolate chloroplast, the most suitable plant cells would be:
Mesophyll Cells
Which of the following cells are not mono-nucleaeted?
Skeletal Myocytes
Ribosomal components assemble in:
Peripheral part of nucelolus
In a typical eukaryotic cell, DNA can be found in all of the following organelles except:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lipid storage in plant cells is the function of:
Elaioplasts
Secretory granules/transport vesicles are pinched off from Golgi complex at:
Inner Concave maturing face
Nucleoplasm is a soluble sap present inside the nuclear envelope does not physically carry
Chromosome
Cell theory was formulated by Schleiden and Schwann which was later modified by:
Rudolf Virchow
Plant cells differ from animal cells by:
Presence of cell wall and development
The one attached with outer nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which layer of the cell envelope determines the shape of the cell and provides a strong structural support to prevent the bacterium from bursting or collapsing:
Cell Wall
A structure that connects the cytoplasm of neighboring cells together. These are:
➡Plasmodesmata
➡Middle Lamella
Organelle involved in modification and routing o newly synthesized proteins to their destination is:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is a part of Endoplasmic system of Eukaryotic cells
Golgi bodies
The chemical composition of nuclear plasma is best described as
➡️ Nucleolus
➡️ Chromatin
The chemical composition of nucleoplasm is the best described as
➡️Nucleolus
➡️Chromatin
Keeping in view the fluid mosaic model for the structure of cell membrane one of the following statements is correct concerning the movement of liquids and proteins from one lipid monolayer to another describe as flip flop movement
Lipid can really flip flop, proteins cannot
Which of the following cell structures contains the highest concentration of RNA
Nucleolus
It is responsible for beginning of the life of organisms
Cell
Q
It is responsible for beginning of the life of organisms
Cell
It is the smallest cell
mycoplasma
The Association of more than one ribosome with a single molecule of messenger RNA complex is called as
Polysome
The cell organelle involved in lipid synthesis is:
SER
The material essential for dark reaction are located in in:
Stroma
It possesses flagella
Euglena
The unit of phloem in which nucleus is absent:
Sieve Tubes
Q
It actively synthesizes rRNA:
Nucleolus
How many units occur in each stackpile of Golgi apparatus:
4 to 8
Product of Golgi apparatus can be:
Lysosome
Who was the first one to see a live cell?
Leeuwenhoek
What is the main area of cellular activities in eukaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
How many of the following are membrane bound organelles?
Lysosomes, Ribosomes, Mitochondira, Vacuoles
3
Which of the following organelle is exclusively found in animals cells?
Centriole
The longest cells in human body are
Neurons
Which of the following is not the component of plasma membrane?
Monosaccharides
The ability of proteins to move laterally within the cell membrane?
Fluidity
The most important function of plasma membrane is that it:
Transports the molecules across
Movement of water across the plasma membrane occurs by:
Osmosis
Which of the follwoing organisms have cel wall made up of cellulose, galactans, mannans, and minerals like calcium carbonates?
Algae
Which of the following wall is capable of growth in a plant cell?
Primary Cell wall
How many of the following are not included in the endomembrane system?
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosome, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Vacuoles, peroxisome
3
RER is associated with synthesis and secretion of:
Protein
Golgi apparatus is an important site for the formation of:
➡Glycoproteins
➡Glycolipids
Which of the follwoing is not a hydrolytic enzyme?
Ligases
Tonoplast is important for:
Transporting ions against concentration gradients
What is the main function of cristae?
Increase the surface area
Select the incorrect pair from the following:
➡Leucoplast - Carotene✅
➡Elaioplast- Oils❌
➡Amyloplast- Starch❌
➡Aleuroplasts - Proteins ❌
What kind of ribosome is present in mitochondria:
The 70S
Both cilium and flagella emerge from centriole like structure which is called:
Basal Bodies
Based on the position of the centromere, the chromosome is classified into how many types:
4
In mitochondria, the protons accumulate in the:
Inter-Membrane Space
Which one of the following cellular parts are correctly described:
Thylakoid - Flattened membranous sacs forming the grana of chloroplasts
Which structure performs the function of mitochondria in bacteria?
Mesosomes
The nuclear envelope is a derivative of:
Rough endoplasmic Reticulum
Water soluble pigments found in cell vacuoles are:
Anthocyanin
What is the main difference between active and passive transport:
Active transport occurs by utilizing ATP
Which of the following is derived from the cell membrane:
Mesosome
In the plasma membrane, the lipids have their polar heads facing:
Outer side
Contrary to the animal cell, the plant cell nucleus is located in the periphery due to the large size of:
Vacuole
The plant cells differ from animal cells in having:
Chloroplast
Both animal and plant cells are included in:
Eukaryotic Category
The biggest eukaryotic cell:
OStrich’s Egg
The difference between these two types of cells is mainly based on the structure of their nuclei. The cells are;
➡Prokaryotic
➡Euakryotic
____ cells generally lack many of the membrane bound structures found in ___ cells.
➡Prokaryotic
➡Eukaryotic
___ have small sized ribosomes 70S as, compared to ___ having 80S.
➡Prokaryotes
➡Eukaryotes
Pick up that feature of prokaryotic cells which is missing in eukaroytic cells:
Chromosomes submerged in cytoplasm
Modern technology has revelaed that lipid bilayer is:
Not sandwiched between tw oprotein layers
As allowing only selective substances to pass through it, the plasma membrane is also called as;
Differentially Permeable membrane
The energy required for active transport o substances is provided by:
ATP
In many animal cells the cell membrane helps to take in material by infoldings n the form of vacuole. This type of intake is termed as;
Endocytosis
Cell membrane transmits nerve impulse from oen part of the body to the other in:
Nerve Cells
The outermost boudnary ofa plant cell is:
Cell Wall
DNA content is comparatively low in;
Prokaryotic Cell
In which one of the following cells, both trascription and translation occrus in cytoplasm:
Moneran Cells
Thylakoids lie freely in cytoplasm in:
Prokaryotic Cells
Sap vacuoles are mostly absent in:
Prokaryotic Cells
There is no gametogenesis in
Prokaryotes
Microtubules and microfilaments are absent in:
Bacterial Cells
Chlorophyll is absent in:
Animal Cells
Pick up the characteristic of a plant cell:
Mitochondria are fewer
Pick up the characteristic of plant cells:
Anastral Spindle
Cytokinesis occurs by cell plate method in:
Plant cells
Pick up the characteristic of animal cell:
Tissue fluid is absent
They do not burst when placed in hypotonic solution:
Plant cells
Phospholipid molecules of plasma membrane are found in:
Parallel Arrangement
Following functons are performed by cell membrane, EXCEPT:
Autolysis
Infolds or invaginations in cell membrane are used for followign functions, EXCEPT
Microvilli Formaton
Diffusion and osmosis are two types of:
Passive Transport
Which of the following function is not performed by plasma membrane?
Osmotic Resistacne
Give an example of passive transport across the plasma membrane:
➡Plasmolysis
➡Deplasmolysis
A fluid droplet is ingested plasma membrane through:
Pinocytosis:
Which one of the following surfaces of plasma membrane is hydrophilic
Both outer and Inner
Human naked eye cannot differentiate the two points which have:
Distance of 2.0 μm between them
Two points located at 2.0 μm distance from each other can be differentiated:
By means of compound microscope
Two points which are 2-4 angstrom apart are illumianted for differentiation by:
Beam of electrons
The object observed by electron microscope looks upto:
250000X greater tha nactual ssize
Electron microscope magnifies the object ___ greater than that of compound microscope
500X
What is the primary difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes:
Prokaryotes do not have distinct nucleus and eukaryotes have a distinct nucleus
The cytoplasm of plant cells is:
Less viscous than animal cell
Regarding Euakryotes and Proakryotes, which statement is correct:
Euakryotes amy be uni-cellular or multicellular organisms
The main difference between animal and plant cell is that:
Animal cell lack rigid cell wall
Which of the following organelles is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Ribosomes
A prokaryotic cell lacks:
➡True Nucleus
➡Nuclear envelope
➡Membrane bounded organelles
Proakryotic cell does not possess:
Nuclear Enevelope
Protoplasm is the region:
Inside the cell membrane
Plant cells have ___ and ___, which are not present in animal cells:
➡Chloroplast
➡Cell Wall
Which of the following is true about protein layers in the plasma membrane?
Proteins are embedded in lipid layers in a mosaic manner
Main fabric of the plasma membrane is;
Phsopholipids
Tucked between the hydrophobic tails of the membrane phospholipids are present:
Cholesterol
Which of the following statements is correct?
Cholesterol is absent in bacterial plasma membrane
Carbohydrates in the plasma membrane are;
Attached to proteins or lipids on the extracellular side of the membrane
How many layers does fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane have?
2
The only difference in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membrane is:
Cholesterol
Plasma membrane is:
Differentially Permeable
The continuous part of the plasma membrane is the:
Phospholipid Bilayer
Cells are:
Characteristic o prokaryotic and eukaryotic organsims
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes:
Are smaller
Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?
Ribosomes
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes?
It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus
A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely :
Producing large quantities of proteins for secretion
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
Central Vacuole
Plasma membrane is composed of ___ lipids:
20%-40%
Plasma membrane is composed of ____ proteins:
60%-80%
Which organism lacks cell wall?
Protozoa
Amino acids (Proteins) are present in the cell walls of:
Bacteria
Plant cell wall consist of how many layers:
3
The thickest of all plant cell walls is:
Secondary Cell Wall
The correct sequence of layers of cell wall from inside to outside is:
Secondary Cell Wall➡ Primary Cell Wall➡ Middle Lamella
In secondary cell wall, ___ cements and anchors cellulose mcirofibrils together:
Lignin
Chemically, ___ is about 90% water:
Cytosol
Which is/are the part(s) of cytoplasm?
➡Sol
➡Mitochondria
Granular endoplasmic reticulum is most abundant in cell types that are involved in:
Protein synthesis
Major portion of the cytosol is:
Water
The movement of cyclosis is becasue of :
Microfilaments
The digestive vacuoles and autophagosomes are also known as;
Primary Lysosome
One of the following is not double membranous structure:
Vacuole
Tonoplast is the membrane of:
Vacuole
Vacuoles are large vesicles that originate from the:
➡Endoplasmic Reticulum
➡Golgi Complex
➡Plasma membrane
Budding off of transfer vesicles is form:
SER
The transport of secretory proteins takes palce through organelles in the order:
RER➡SER➡Golgi➡Secretory Vesicles
The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is to synthesize:
Protein that will be secreted by the cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is called ‘rough’ because:
➡Rough texture of the surface
➡Surface is studded with membrane proteins
➡Surface is studded with ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum:
Is present in cells where drug detoxification is taking place
One of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is:
Regulation of intracellular calcium distribution
Which of the following statements are true regarding endoplasmic reticulum?
➡Endoplasmic reticulum provides structural framework to the cell
➡Endoplasmic reticulum acts as an intracellular transporting system
➡Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in synthesis of lipids
Concerning rough endoplasmic reticulum, it is:
➡Composed of membranous tubules and sacs
➡The site of protein syntheis that will be secreted by the cell
➡Has ribosomes attached with
A cell with predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is liekly specialized to:
Synthesize large quantities of lipids
Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely deective in this condition?
The lysosome
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?
Smoth endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondiral component connected with ATP synthesis:
F1 particles
Inner membrane involutions of mitochondira are called:
Cristae
Mitochondiral cristae are sites of:
Oxidation Reduction Reaction
Mitochondira are self-replicating organelles as they have:
DNA
Which of the followng statements regarding mitochondiral membrane is not correct:
➡The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules❌
➡The enzymes of electron transport chain are embedded in the outer membrane✅
➡The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings❌
➡The outer membrane resembles a sieve❌
The type of spent energy in Mitochondira is;
ADP
The metabolic process that does not take place in mitochondria is:
Anaerobic Respiration
In mitochondira, F1 particles are present on the:
Inner side of inner membrane
The inner membrane of mitochondria bears stalked particles on the inner surface, which are called;
➡Oxysomes
➡Elementary particles
➡F0 - F1 particles
Which of the following pair is incorrect?
Mitochondira➡Fermentation
An example of binucleated cell is:
Paramecium
The nucleolus is formed of:
➡Protein
➡RNA
The nucleolus is formed of :
➡Granular
➡Fibrular
Nucleas has;
➡DNA
➡RNA
➡Proteins
Nucleolus is a prominent acidophilic spherical bodies in the nucleas. The function is:
Ribosomal subunit synthesis
Which of the following cell lacks nucleus?
Mature mammalian RBCs
Which of the following organelles always contains DNA?
Mitochondria
Which of the follwoing correctly describes the function of nuceloli?
The formation of ribosomes
Which of the follwoing cell strcutures contains the highest amount of RNA?
Nucleolus
A tadpole’s tail is gradually broken down during metamorphosis into an adult frog. Which organelle increases in number in cells of the tail at this time?
Lysosome
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus. In which other organelle does transcrption occur?
Mitochondrion
A certain cell organelle which is made of a double phospholipid bilayer that has many large pores in it, is most likely the :
Nucleus
Passage thorugh pores in the nuclear envelope is restricted primarily to:
➡Proteins
➡RNA
➡Protein-RNA complexes
In a normal human being, number of sex chromosomes is:
2
which of the followign is the collection of sacks containing chlorophyll?
Thylakoids
Which of the following is the liquid inside the chloroplast?
Stroma
What is the primary purpose of cristae in the mitochondira?
Provide a large surface area for chemical reactions
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochodnria?
Mitochondrial Matrix
Magnification of a microscope having an objective lens of 35 X and eyepiece of 15 X would be:
525X
In which of the following units, the sedimentation coefficient of a sub-cellular particle is expressed?
Svedberg
If a biochemical analysis of mitochondria is to be done, the best procedure would be
Subject the cells to centrifugation and obtain mitochondria
‘Omnis cellula e cellula’. This statement was given by:
R. Virchow
Animal cell differs from plant cell in possessing:
Centrosomes
An organism having cytoplasm, DNA and RNA but no cell wall is:
Mycoplasma
Naked DNA without histones is found in:
Prokaryotes
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
Bacterial flagella do not show ATPase activity and 9+2 organization. These are chemically:
Flagellin
Lipid bilayer is associated with:
Plasma Mebrane
Which of the following is true for the carbohydrate portion of the cell membrane?
It forms the glycocalyx consisting of glycolipids and glycoproteins
In prokaryotic cells, the enzymes involved in the oxidation of metabolites are associated with:
Plasma Membrane
In facilitated diffusion:
Membrane protein binds to a specific solute and then undergoes a conformational change
If a living plant cell is placed in a concentrated sugar solution, the cell will:
Lose water and become plasmolysed
The blood cell which shows phagocytosis is:
Monocytes
The water soluble materials pass through the proteins called:
Channel Proteins
Intercellular material between two adjacent plant cells is:
Middle Lamella
Plasmodesmata connections help in:
Movement of substances between cells
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the cytosol?
It is located inside the nucleus and organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum work for the synthesis of:
Proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum is attached with:
Nuclear Membrane
A type of cell called a lymphocyte makes proteins that are exported from the cell. It is
possible to track the path of these proteins within the cell by labelling them with
radioactive isotopes. Which of the following might be the path of the protein from the site
where its polypeptides are made to the lymphocyte’s plasma membrane?
Rough ER→ Golgi→ Plasma membrane
The surface of the endoplasmic reticulum is studded with:
Ribosomes
Microsome is the collective name for:
Artificially generated disrupted membrane fragments of endoplasmic reticulum
Dictyosomes are:
Golgi Bodies
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to:
Secrete a lot of material
Vesicles are essential for the normal functioning of the Golgi apparatus because they:
Move proteins and lipids between different parts of the organelle
Lysosomes were discovered by:
De Duve
Which of the following cellular organelles is/are bounded by a single membrane?
Peroxisomes, Lysosomes, Mitochondria
Both peroxisomes and lysosomes but not mitochondria
Some of the enzymes which are associated in converting fats into carbohydrates are
present in:
Glyoxysomes
In mitochondria, cristae act as sites for:
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Which of the following statement is correct?
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA
F1 particles present in mitochondria are:
Oxysomes
Which of the following statement is not true with reference to mitochondria?
They divide in synchrony with cell cycle
Plastids develop from:
Proplastids
The functon of aleuroplast is to:
Store Protiens
Q
The stack of vesicles found inside plastids is:
Granum
Cell organelle common in Protista and Monera is:
Ribosome
All plastids have similar structure because they can:
Get transformed from one type to another
The larger subunit in 80S ribosome is:
60S
Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing substances needed
by the cell?
Ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER
Ribosomes are classified according to their:
Sedimentation rate
The vacuole in the plant cell contains:
Cell sap
The cell nucleus was discovered by:
R. Brown
The nucleus is separated from surrounding cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane which is:
Double layered with pores
Nuclear membrane disappears during mitosis at:
Late Prophase
One key function of nuclear pores is to;
Allow molecules like proteins to move in and out of the nucleus
Nucleolus in eukaryotic cells is:
The site for packaging of rRNA with ribosomal proteins
Which of the following is a part of endomembrane system of eukaryotic cell?
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes are believed to originate from:
Golgi Complex
