Unit 10 FRQ- AP PSYCH (age 13) Flashcards
What is a Stage Theory?
A stage theory is an explanation of developmental milestones as sequential steps of a biological calendar, aka any hypothetical construct used to describe phases or steps in a process that occurs over time.
Freuds theory of Psychosexual Development (13 year olds)
13 year olds are typically in the Genital Stage which occurs from puberty into adulthood and consists of a few things. Freud says that in this stage childhood conflicts are now manifested into adult psychosexual behaviors and tendencies. He also states that personalities become solidified by this point due to any lingering unresolved issues and conflicts. Technically 13 year olds can also be in the Latency Stage because its ages 5 1/2 to 12/puberty and some 13 year olds just started puberty. The Latency Stage involves sexual impulses towards opposite sex parent dissolving and resentment of the same sex parent is replaces with idolization.
Piagets theory of Cognitive Development (13 year olds)
13 year olds are in what he calls Stage 4: the Formal Operational Stage which is ages 11+. During this stage people start forming cognitive maturity, gain the ability to think logically about abstract concepts, and gain the ability to think hypothetically. People also develop metacognition which is “Thinking about Thinking” aka understanding ones preferred learning styles.
Kohlbergs theory of Moral and Ethical Development (13 year olds)
13 year olds are in the Conventional Level, which is adolecence - adulthood and has one level (level 2) and 2 Stages. The Conventional Levels focus is the society/groups which is called Altruism. In this level, people are prompted with moral and ethical dilemmas such as “Is it ever ok to break the law?” aka “Heinz Dilemma.” Stage 3 in this level is titled the Good Child Orientation which says that rules and laws are perceived as “necessary evils” aka people should be judges by their intentions not necessarily their actions. The 2nd stage in this level is Stage 4 titled Law-And-Order Orientations, which states that laws are viewed as essential to preserve social order and violations of laws (even if intentions are good) leads to societal decay (chaos and anarchy).
Eriksons theory of Psychosocial Personality Development (13 year olds)
13 year olds, Erikson says, are in the Adolecence Stage, ages 12-20. In this stage Erikson says that 13 year olds are experiencing identity and confusion. This consists of the typical teenage “identity crisis”, self reflection of values, principles, future goals, etc. Most teens during this stage are going through the stress of who they want to be in the future (occupation) and fears of the next chapters of life such as going to collage.
