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Micro > Unit 1 test review > Flashcards

Unit 1 test review Flashcards

1
Q

Thiamin Pyrophosphate and Thiamin diphosphate are active forms of which vitamin

A

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)

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2
Q

FMN, FMNH2; FAD, FADH2 are coenzymes of which vitamin

A

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

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3
Q

NAD, NADP are coeznymes of which vitamin

A

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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4
Q

L-Ascorbic acid is the active form of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

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5
Q

T/F humans can synthesize ascorbic acid

A

False.

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6
Q

What is needed to make the active form of Biotin (B7) and what enzyme that it makes?

A

Biotin + Mg +ATP= Holoenzyme

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7
Q

Coenzyme A is the active form of which vitamin

A

Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)

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8
Q

Pyridoxal Phosphate is the active form of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin B6

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9
Q

Pteridine, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), glutamic acid are vitamers of which vitamin?

A

Folate (Vitamin B9)

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10
Q

Tetrahydrofolate (THF) and tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) are coenzyme forms of which vitamin?

A

Folate

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11
Q

Methylcobalamin is the active form of which vitamin?

A

Cobalamin (B12)

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12
Q

Phosphatidylcholine= lecithin is another form for which vitamin?

A

Choline

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13
Q

T/F Choline is an essential nutrient

A

True

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14
Q

Why is choline not similar to other B vitamins

A

Doesn’t have coenzyme function
It can be obtained AND synthesized from cells

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15
Q

Ergocalciferol
Cholecalciferol are vitamers for which vitamin?

A

Vitamin D

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16
Q

What two reactions are needed to activate VD

A

1)Liver needs to convert VD to calcidiol
2)Kidney forms physiologically active form= calcitrol

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17
Q

What vitamin is absorbed in the small intestine and is bound to blood albumin and then transported to the liver?

A

Thiamin

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18
Q

Which vitamin is Released in the stomach from HCL, absorbed in the small intestine, and transported to storage by protein carriers

A

Riboflavin

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19
Q

T/F there’s a lack of absorption in riboflavin when larger amounts <27mg are consumed

A

True

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20
Q

Which vitamin is absorbed in large through the small intestine and some absorbed in the stomach. Transported to liver

A

Niacin

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21
Q

What vitamin is absorbed through the SI by active transport and facilitated diffusion depending on the isomer?

A

Vitamin C

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22
Q

Which vitamin needs an enzyme to release it from protein and lysine to be able to be absorbed in the SI

A

Biotin (B7)

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23
Q

Which vitamin needs part of Coenzyme A to be released to be able to be absorbed?

A

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

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24
Q

Which vitamin needs riboflavin and zinc to make the active form in the liver

A

?

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25
Q

what vitamin needs polyglutamates to be broken down to monoglutamate form for absorption

A

Folate

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26
Q

T/F monoglutamate is actively transported across the intestine

A

True

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27
Q

Retinal, Retinoic Acid, and beta-carotene are vitamers of which vitamin

A

Vitamin A

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28
Q

Which vitamin needs intrinsic factor to be able to be absorbed in the SI.

A

Cobalamin (B12)

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29
Q

What vitamin is absorbed in the SI and needs water and fat soluble proteins to help transport it?

A

Choline

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30
Q

What vitamin is absorbed in SI and then transported by chylomicrons through the lymphatic system?

A

Vitamin D

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31
Q

T/F retinyl esters do not have VA activity until retinol and the attached fatty acid ester are separated in the intestinal tract

A

True

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32
Q

Energy metabolism and production of pyruvate enzyme are characteristics of which vitamin?

A

Thiamin

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32
Q

Energy metabolism, conversion of tryptophan to niacin, and conversion of B6 to active form are characteristics of which vitamin?

A

Riboflavin

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32
Q

What vitamin has a hormone-like role in maintaining the body’s concentration of calcium and phosphorus

A

Vitamin D

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33
Q

What vitamins coeznyme form is used in the ETC as an electron carrier

A

Niacin

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33
Q

What vitamin is needed for oxidation/reduction reactions, formation of CT, and immune function?

A

Vitamin C

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33
Q

What vitamin is needed to replenish oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis

A

Biotin (B7)

33
Q

What vitamin is needed to go from 5C to 4C in the citric acid cycle

A

Pantothenic acid (B5)

33
Q

Which vitamin is needed for cell reproduction and synthesis of nucleic acids?

A

Folate

33
Q

What vitamin is needed for protein metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and conversion of glycogen to glucose?

A

B6

33
Q

What vitamin is needed for CNS functions, RBC formation, and regeneration of folate

A

Cobalamin (B12)

33
Q

What vitamin is needed for the conversion of methionine to homocysteine?

A

Choline

34
Q

What vitamin is needed to help cells mature and regulate gene transcription?

A

Vitamin A

34
Q

T/F all forms of vitamin A are essential for proper embryonic development

A

True

34
Q

Meat/ fish, whole grains, legumes, enriched cereals and bread are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Thiamin

34
Q

T/F heat can kill thiamin

A

True

34
Q

Milk, meat, eggs, whole grains, enriched cereal and bread are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Riboflavin

35
Q

T/F riboflavin cannot be destroyed by exposure to light

A

False. It is destroyed by exposure to light

36
Q

Beef, poultry, fish (largest)
Legumes, enriched cereals and breads, whole grains are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Niacin

37
Q

T/F tryptophan is a dietary source of niacin

A

True

38
Q

Citrus fruits, green leafy veggies are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

39
Q

T/F Vitamin C is easily destroyed by cooking, light, and oxygen

A

True

40
Q

Egg yolks, beans, chicken, yogurt, nuts are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Biotin (B7)

41
Q

Meat, milk, legumes, potatoes, tomatoes are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Pantothenic acid (B5)

42
Q

T/F 30-75% of pantothenic acid is lost in cooking/processing

A

True

43
Q

Bananas, broccoli, chicken, soy, whole wheat, fish, and pork are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin B6

44
Q

T/F Vitamin B6 is not easily destroyed in food processing

A

False.

45
Q

Legumes and green leafy veggies are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Folate

46
Q

T/F supplemental sources of folic acid are better absorbed than in food

A

True

47
Q

Which vitamin is exclusively found in animal products?

A

Cobalamin (B12)

48
Q

Eggs, dairy, meats, legumes, fruits, and whole grains are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Choline

49
Q

T/F choline is added to foods during processing

A

True

50
Q

Fatty fish, fortified milk, small amounts in butter and eggs are good sources of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin D

51
Q

How is RDA determined for Thiamin

A

RDA: 1.1-1.2 mg

52
Q

How is RDA determined for Riboflavin

A

RDA 1.1-1.3 mg

53
Q

How is RDA determined for Niacin

A

NE (Niacin equivalents): 12 mg/day

54
Q

How is RDA for Vitamin C determined *

A

90 mg/day Men
75 mg/day women

55
Q

How is RDA for Biotin (B7) determined?

A

AI: 30mcg/day

56
Q

How is RDA for Pantothenic Acid (B5) determined?

A

N/A; Avg diet usually meets needs

57
Q

How is RDA for Vitamin B6 determined?

A

Requirement related to protein intake
Questions if most pop. are meeting needs.

58
Q

How is RDA for folate determined.

A

RDA: 400 mcg/day folic acid
DFE: mcg food folate +(1.7* mcg of folic acid)

59
Q

How is RDA of choline determined?

A

AI: 425mg women
550 mg men

60
Q

How is RDA for Vitamin D determined?

A

600 IU/day

61
Q

How is RDA for Vitamin A determined?

A

RAE: 900 mcg men= 1mcg retinol
700mcg women= 1 mcg retinol

62
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Vitamin B1 & symptoms?

A

Beriberi
Muscle atrophy and peripheral neuropathy

63
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Riboflavin (B2) & symptoms

A

Ariboflavinosis
Inflammation of lips, tongue, cracks in corner of mouth, hair loss, anemia, migraines

64
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Niacin (B3) & symptoms

A

Pellagra
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

65
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Vitamin C & symptoms

A

Scurvy
Bleeding gums, easy bruising, loose teeth, bone and joint aches

66
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Biotin (B7) & symptoms

A

Deficiency is rare
Symptoms are depression, hallucination, anorexia, alopecia, and thinning nails

67
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Pantothenic Acid (B5) & symptoms

A

Rare, not well studied
Burning sensation in feet, headache, insomnia, and fatigue

68
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Vitamin B6 & symptoms

A

Not common
Neurological symptoms, hypochromic microcytic anemia, poor growth, glossitis

69
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Folate & symptoms?

A

Spina Bifida
Altered spinal cord in infants
Macrocytic anemia, glossitis, diarrhea.

70
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Cobalamin (B12)

A

Rare
Pernicious Anemia, glossitis, permanent nerve damage

71
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Choline & symptoms

A

Rare
Fat accumulation in liver, muscle damage
Genetic predisposition for not making enough in body

72
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Vitamin D & symptoms

A

Rickets-Improper bone development
Osteomalacia- Softened bones in adults

73
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Vitamin A & symptoms

A

Major public health concern of being deficient
Leading cause of blindness.

74
Q

What would someone with a B1 deficiency look like

A

Very skinny, malnourished, Mental confusion, eye twitching

75
Q

What would someone with a B2 deficiency look like

A

Glossitis, hair loss, cracked corners of mouth

76
Q

What would someone with a B3 deficiency look like

A

Rough patchy skin where the sun has touched (causals necklace)

77
Q

What would someone with a VC deficiency look like

A

Cutaneous and oral lesions

78
Q
A

Micro (7 decks)

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