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Micro > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is vitamin B1 absorbed?

A

In the small intestine (jejunum)

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2
Q

What is the active form of vitamin B1

A

Thiamin Pyrophosphate

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3
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B1?

A

Thiamin

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4
Q

What does the active form of Vitamin B1 need to be able to be synthesized from the liver?

A

Magnesium

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5
Q

Why is thiamin pyrophosphate needed in the body?

A

It’s needed for metabolic pathways; to make the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme which breaks down pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle.

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6
Q

What would be expected if the TPP form can’t be made due to a thiamin deficiency?

A

The pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme would not be able to be made which would lead to :
The excess of pyruvate will turn to lactate which will turn to lactic acid
Lactic acid can lead to metabolic acidosis

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7
Q

T/F Malnourished people must have supplemental thiamin when they start eating food again.

A

True. Without supplemental thiamin, an imbalance in the electrolytes can happen causing systemic failure

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8
Q

T/F Caffeic & tannic acid (tea, coffee) reduce “Anti-Thiamin Factors”

A

True.
The Anti-thiamin factors are bioactive compounds found in whole foods.
Reduce the active form of thiamin

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9
Q

T/F All B vitamins are not used in metabolism.

A

False. All B vitamins are used in metabolism.

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10
Q

What kind of solubility are B vitamins?

A

Water

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11
Q

What is the condition that you can develop if you have a deficiency in thiamin?

A

Beriberi

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12
Q

What is Beriberi?

A

It is a wasting disease that affects the CNS.

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13
Q

T/F Thiamin has a low toxicity?

A

True.

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14
Q

T/F diuretics decrease thiamin levels

A

True.

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15
Q

Why are blood levels not reliable indicators of thiamin status?

A

Thiamin is found mainly in tissues and cells.

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16
Q

What are sources of thiamin?

A

Meat, fish, whole grains, legumes and enriched cereals and breads.

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17
Q

Why isn’t thiamin found in cooked and packaged foods?

A

It is destroyed by cooking and storage.

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18
Q

What population is at risk for a thiamin deficiency?

A

Alcoholics (interferes with absorption) and extremely malnourished people.

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19
Q

What is another name for vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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20
Q

What are the coenzymes for vitamin B2?

A

FMN/FADH

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21
Q

Where is vitamin B2 absorbed?

A

The small intestine

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22
Q

T/F Vitamin B2 lacks absorption in amounts greater than 27mg consumed.

A

True

23
Q

What are sources of Vitamin B2

A

Milk, meat, eggs, whole grains, enriched breads and cereals
More is found in meat products than vegetable products

24
Q

What is a Riboflavin deficiency known as?

A

ariboflavinosis

25
Q

T/F Vitamin 2 deficiency is routinely measured in healthy people.

A

False. Extremely hard to measure.

26
Q

Who is at risk for a riboflavin deficiency?

A

Vegetarian athletes
Pregnant and lactating women and their infants.
Vegans and people who consume little milk
People with riboflavin transporter deficiency

27
Q

Why is milk no longer available in glass bottles.

A

The riboflavin in it was destroyed by the light

28
Q

What are symptoms of ariboflavinosis

A

Inflammation of lips, mouth, tongue, cracks in corner of mouth, hair loss, nerve damage, anemia, and migraines.

29
Q

What is vitamin B3 known as.

A

Niacin

30
Q

What is the function of vitamin B3

A

Functions as the electron carrier in metabolic pathways.

31
Q

Where is vitamin B3 absorbed

A

In the small intestine. Some absorbed in the stomach.

32
Q

What is the conversion of vitamin b3 in the body.

A

Tryptophan

33
Q

T/F it’s necessary to take supplements of vitamin B3

A

False. The body makes NAD so its unnecessary in healthy people

34
Q

What are the sources of vitamin B3

A

Beef, poultry, fish (largest amounts)
Legumes, whole grains, and enriched breads and cereals (small amounts)

35
Q

What is the deficiency of vitamin B3

A

Pellegra

36
Q

What are symptoms of Pellegra.

A

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, dementia, death
Rough patches of skin on areas that are exposed to the sun- casals necklace

37
Q

What groups are at risk for a vitamin b3 deficiency?

A

People with undernutrition
People with inadequate riboflavin, pyridoxine, and/or iron intakes.
People with Hartnup disease- interferes with the absorption of tryptophan
People with carcinoid syndrome.

38
Q

What is vitamin B5 known as?

A

Pantothenic acid.

39
Q

What is pantothenic acid needed for?

A

The 5-4 carbon removal in the Krebs cycle
Acylation and acetylation reactions

40
Q

Where is pantothenic acid absorbed?

A

The small intestine

40
Q

What are sources of pantothenic acid.

A

Found in most foods
Panto=everything (greek)

41
Q

What is the deficiency of pantothenic acid?

A

Numbness and burning in feet (rare not well studied), headache, insomnia, and fatigue

42
Q

T/F the toxicity of pantothenic acid is very low.

A

True

43
Q

What is the active form of vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

44
Q

What is needed for the conversion of Vitamin B6 to pyridoxal phosphate.

A

Zinc and Riboflavin

45
Q

T/F Vitamin B6 is poorly stored in the body?

A

True

46
Q

What population is at risk for Vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Smokers, alcohol users, pregnancy, teens, GI disorders, and autoimmune disorders.

47
Q

What are food sources of Vitamin B6

A

Chicken, fish, whole wheat, bananas, dark leafy greens, soy.

48
Q

T/F Vitamin B6 is easily destroyed in food processing.

A

True

49
Q

What are signs of a Vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Neurological problems, hypochromic microcytic anemia, poor growth, and glossitis

50
Q

T/F Alcohol and oral contraceptives decrease B6 levels?

A

True

51
Q

T/F Dialysis increases B6 losses?

A

True

52
Q

What is the risk for low intake of B6?

A

Increases homocysteine which can cause CVD.

53
Q

What is the UL of vitamin B6?

A

100 mg/day
Easily toxic

Micro (7 decks)

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