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Micro > Minerals Zinc & Magnesium > Flashcards

Minerals Zinc & Magnesium Flashcards

1
Q

T/F zinc is an essential mineral as well as trace mineral

A

True

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2
Q

Functions of zinc

A

Required for the catalytic activity of hundreds of enzymes, plays a role in enhancing immune function, protein and DNA synthesis, wound healing, and cell signaling and division.

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3
Q

What are the main sources of zinc

A

Meat, fish, and seafood
Also found in Eggs, dairy, beans, nuts, and whole grains

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4
Q

Why is the bioavailability of zinc lower in plant foods

A

The plant foods contain phytates

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5
Q

How do phytates inhibit zinc absorption

A

The storage form of phosphorus in plants
bind zinc in the intestine and form an insoluble complex that inhibits zinc absorption.

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6
Q

What is the RDA of zinc

A

Women 8 mg/day
Men 11 mg/day

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7
Q

What is the DV of zinc

A

11 mg/day

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8
Q

How is zinc absorbed?

A

Absorbed in SI by simple diffusion and active transport to liver via portal vein

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9
Q

What is metallothionein

A

A protein in intestinal and liver cells that binds to, and releases, zinc and copper
Excess zinc is stored as this

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10
Q

What is the main carrier protein for Zn

A

Albumin

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11
Q

Where is zinc mainly stored

A

Skeletal muscle and bone

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12
Q

How is zinc mainly excreted

A

In the feces

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13
Q

Conor is taking supplements that contain 25mg elemental iron at the same time as zinc supplements. What mineral absorption might he be reducing

A

Zinc absorption

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14
Q

T/F iron added to food does interfere with zinc absorption

A

False. It does not.

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15
Q

What are symptoms of zinc deficiency

A

Delayed growth and sexual maturation, diarrhea in infants, alopecia, decreased taste/smell, loss of appetite, poor wound healing, immune dysfunction, impaired protein functions in body.

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16
Q

What symptoms of zinc deficiency are only found in physical assessment

A

Alopecia and dermatitis

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17
Q

How is zinc measured

A

Serum/plasma levels

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18
Q

What are normal zinc plasma levels. units

A

mcg/ dL

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19
Q

What are inadequate zinc plasma levels. Units

A

mg/dL

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20
Q

What groups are at risk for zinc deficiency

A

People with GI disorders or bariatric surgeries
Vegetarians & Vegans
Pregnant/lactating
Older infants that are exclusively breastfed
Sickle cell disease
Alcohol use disorder

21
Q

How does zinc affect penicillamine

A

It can reduce the absorption and the action of it.

22
Q

How do diuretics affect zinc

A

Increase excretion of zinc in the urine

23
Q

What is the UL of zinc. units

A

mg/day

24
Q

What is the ionic form of zinc

A

Zn2+

25
Q

What are symptoms of someone taking more than 5X the RDA of zinc

A

Nausea, vomiting, intestinal cramps, diarrhea, impaired immune function, and reduced copper absorption and activation of Cu enzymes

26
Q

T/F magnesium is an essential nutrient and electrolyte

A

True

27
Q

What are functions of magnesium

A

Required for energy production, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis

28
Q

T/F assessing magnesium status is difficult because most magnesium is inside cells or in bone

A

True

29
Q

What is the electrolyte for magnesium

A

Mg2+

30
Q

T/F there is a nutrition focused physical assessment for magnesium

A

False

31
Q

What are the main food sources of magnesium

A

Green leafy vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains

32
Q

T/F theres much less magnesium in animal foods than plant foods

A

True

33
Q

What part of plants is magnesium found in

A

Chlorophyll

34
Q

How can supplemental magnesium be more completely absorbed in

A

If the form dissolves well in liquid

35
Q

RDA of magnesium. Units

A

mg/day

36
Q

T/F magnesium is a primary ingredient in laxatives

A

True

37
Q

How is magnesium absorbed

A

In the SI by passive diffusion and active transport

38
Q

T/F as the amount of magnesium taken increases absorption decreases

A

True

39
Q

What can enhance the absorption of Magnesium

A

Calcitriol (active Vitamin D)

40
Q

T/F magnesium absorption can decrease iron absorption

A

True

41
Q

Where is magnesium stored.

A

Bones and other tissues

42
Q

Why is magnesium deficiency uncommon due to low dietary intake

A

The kidneys limit urinary excretion of this mineral

43
Q

How can magnesium deficiency increase risk of osteoporosis

A

Results in decrease in parathyroid hormone release which leads to low blood calcium
Calcitriol isn’t as produced

44
Q

What other deficiency can someone develop if they have a severe magnesium deficiency?

A

Hypocalcemia or Hypokalemia

45
Q

What groups are at risk for magnesium deficiency

A

GI diseases
Type 2 diabetes
Alcohol dependence
Older adults

46
Q

T/F diuretics can increase loss of magnesium

A

True

47
Q

Conor has kidney failure what mineral should he watch out for, so he doesn’t develop a toxicity

A

Magnesium

48
Q

What is the UL of magnesium (Non food sources only) Units

A

mg

Micro (8 decks)

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