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Micro > Chromium, iron, and copper > Flashcards

Chromium, iron, and copper Flashcards

1
Q

T/F chromium is a trace mineral

A

True

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2
Q

What is the ionic form of chromium

A

Cr3+

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3
Q

Why is chromium needed

A

Glucose metabolism
Potentiate action of insulin

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4
Q

Food sources of chromium

A

Meats, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, spices

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5
Q

T/F the amount of chromium in food varies depending on the amount in the soil

A

True

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6
Q

How can Chromium be transferred to foods

A

By cooking with stainless steel

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7
Q

What is the AI of chromium for 19-50 years. units

A

mcg/day

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8
Q

What is the AI of chromium for 51+ years. Units

A

mcg/day

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9
Q

What is the DV of chromium. units

A

mcg/day

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10
Q

What can increase absorption of chromium

A

Ascorbic acid and prostaglandin inhibitors (aspirin)

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11
Q

What can decrease absorption of chromium

A

Oxalates
Phytates
Antacids

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12
Q

How is chromium transported

A

Via transport proteins (transferrin) in blood to tissues

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13
Q

Where is chromium stored

A

In liver, bones, soft tissues, and spleen

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14
Q

How is chromium excreted

A

Mainly by urine

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15
Q

T/F chromium doesn’t have definitive deficiency symptoms

A

True. Average US intake meets the AI needs

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16
Q

How is the Cr6+ form problematic

A

It can cause liver damage, renal failure, and GI hemorrhage

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17
Q

What is the UL of chromium

A

No UL has been established

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18
Q

What groups are at risk for chromium toxicity

A

Renal and liver disease

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19
Q

What are the three major forms of iron

A

Ferrous (Fe2+)
Ferric (Fe3+)
Heme

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20
Q

What is an example of iron that has a high bioavailability

A

Animal products- Heme

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21
Q

What form of iron are beans, lentils, soy, and nuts found in

A

Ferric form (Fe3+)

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22
Q

T/F the ferric form needs to be reduced to the ferrous form to be absorbed

A

True.

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23
Q

What is the RDA of iron

A

Women 18mg
Men 8mg

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24
Q

Why is the RDA of iron much higher for women

A

Due to menstrutation

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25
Q

How can iron be transferred to food

A

Cooking with a cast iron skillet

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26
Q

Iron is needed to synthesize….

A

Hemoglobin

27
Q

What can increase the bioavailability of iron

A

Heme iron + Vitamin C

28
Q

Conor takes antacids. What mineral might these decrease the absorption of

A

Iron

29
Q

What is ferritin

A

blood protein binds and stores mucosal iron

30
Q

What is needed to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+

A

Ascorbic acid, HCl, citric acid

31
Q

How is iron transported

A

Binds to ferritin in blood to tissues

32
Q

How is iron stored

A

Stored as ferritin and hemosiderin in liver, spleen, and bone marrow
As myoglobin in muscle

33
Q

How can iron interfere with medications

A

can decrease absorption of iron and effectiveness of medicines

34
Q

What are the functions of iron

A

Participates in the ETC
Carries electrons to generate ATP

35
Q

What is the iron deficiency anemia

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

36
Q

Who is at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia

A

Menstruating or pregnant women
Infants, children, and teenagers

37
Q

How is iron measured in biochemical assessment

A

Low serum ferritin and serum transferrin saturation

38
Q

What kind of acute phase reactant is iron

A

Positive

39
Q

An increase in inflammation results in ______ ferritin and transferritin

A

increase

40
Q

What would you measure for a diagnosis of anemia

A

Hemoglobin concentrations

41
Q

What is the UL of iron. Units

A

mg/day

42
Q

T/F iron supplements are easily toxic

A

True

43
Q

T/F copper is a trace mineral

A

True

44
Q

What are food sources of copper

A

Shellfish, seeds, nuts, whole grains, legumes, cocoa

45
Q

What is the RDA of copper. Units

A

mcg/day

46
Q

What are the functions of copper

A

Cofactor for cuproenzymes, iron metabolism, and protects against oxidative stress and damage

47
Q

T/F copper is needed for SOD enzymes

A

True

48
Q

A deficiency in copper can interfere with what synthesis

A

Hemoglobin synthesis
Can result in anemia

49
Q

Where is copper absorbed

A

Stomach and duodenum

50
Q

What mineral in excess can impair the absorption of copper

A

Zinc

51
Q

Does the bioavailability of copper depend on amount in diet

A

Yes.

52
Q

What does copper need to bind to for transport to liver

A

Albumin

53
Q

Where is copper stored

A

Liver, skeleton, and muscle tissue

54
Q

How is copper excreted

A

Via the feces

55
Q

What is used for the biochemical assessment of copper

A

Serum or plasma copper
Its transport protein ceruloplasmin

56
Q

What kind of acute phase reactant is copper

A

Positive

57
Q

Increase in inflammation result in _______ copper levels

A

increase

58
Q

T/F there is a physical assessment for copper

A

False

59
Q

T/F copper deficiency is rare

A

True

60
Q

What group does most iron deficiency symptoms come from

A

Long term jejunal tube feedings

61
Q

What are symptoms of copper deficiency

A

Hypochromic anemia
Hypopigmentation
Hypercholesterolemia

62
Q

What groups are at risk for copper deficiency

A

Using excessive zinc supplementation
Celiac disease

63
Q

Conor has Wilson’s disease this means he has too much of what mineral

A

Copper

64
Q

What is the UL for copper. units

A

mg/day

Micro (7 decks)

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