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Micro > Iodine and selenium > Flashcards

Iodine and selenium Flashcards

1
Q

T/F iodine is a trace element

A

True

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2
Q

What hormone is iodine an essential component of

A

Thyroid hormones

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3
Q

Food sources of iodine

A

Seaweed, fish, eggs, and human breast milk/ formulas

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4
Q

How is iodine added to foods

A

As iodized salt
Pasta if cooked in water with iodized salt.

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5
Q

Dairy products contain iodine?

A

the amount depends on whether the animals received iodine feed supplements

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6
Q

What is the ionic form of iodine

A

Iodide

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7
Q

What is the RDA of iodine for healthy people. Units

A

mcg/day

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8
Q

Where is iodine absorbed

A

The stomach and duodenum

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9
Q

How is iodine absorbed

A

Iodate is reduced in the GI tract and absorbed as iodide

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10
Q

Where is iodine stored in

A

Thyroid gland

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11
Q

What are the functions of iodine

A

Thyroid regulation
Protein synthesis and enzymatic activity
Skeletal and CNS development in fetus and infants

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12
Q

What does TSH do in relation to iodine

A

It increases thyroid uptake of iodine from blood
Stimulates the synthesis of T4 to T3
Secretion increases when iodine intake falls

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13
Q

How does an iodine deficiency typically occur

A

Results from inadequate thyroid hormone production secondary to insufficient iodine

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14
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

Enlarged thyroid gland

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15
Q

What may cause hypothyroidism?

A

Iodine intakes below 10-20 mcg/day

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16
Q

Iodine deficiency can increase the risk of…

A

ADHD

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17
Q

T/F TSH is an indicator of iodine deficiency

A

False. It is not.

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18
Q

What is the biochemical assessment of iodine

A

Need multiple 24-hour urinary iodine measurements

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19
Q

What is the insufficient measurement of iodine in urine. Unit

A

mcg/L

20
Q

What groups are at risk for iodine deficiency

A

People who do not use iodized salt
Pregnant women and Vegans/vegetarians who do not consume milk or eggs

21
Q

What is the UL of iodine. Units

A

mcg/day

22
Q

What are symptoms of a iodine toxicity

A

Elevated TSH, iodine induced hyperthyroidism, goiter

23
Q

What are symptoms of acute iodine poisoning

A

Burning of mouth, throat, and stomach, fever, nausea, vomiting

24
Q

T/F selenium is a trace mineral

A

True

25
Q

What is the organic form of selenium

A

Selenomethionine and selenocysteine

26
Q

What form is selenium absorbed in

A

Organic

27
Q

Food sources of selenium

A

Brazil nuts, seafood, meat, poultry, and organ meets

28
Q

T/F the feed animals are given can affect the amount of selenium in it

A

False. Feed does not affect the amount of Se.

29
Q

Whats the RDA for selenium. Units

A

mcg/day

30
Q

Where is Se absorbed

A

The SI

31
Q

Does the amount of Se absorbed affect how it’s stored

A

No.

32
Q

How is Se transported

A

Bound to transport proteins in blood

33
Q

Where is Se stored

A

Skeletal muscles, liver, pancreas, thyroid.

34
Q

What is the biologically active form of Se in cells

A

Selenocysteine

35
Q

How is Se excreted

A

Primarily in the urine

36
Q

What are the functions of Se

A

Part of antioxidant defense
Thyroid metabolism
Immune function

37
Q

How is Se part of antioxidant defenses

A

Helps prevent lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage

38
Q

Why is Se needed for thyroid metabolism

A

It is needed to convert T4 to T3

39
Q

What kind of acute phase reactant is Se

A

Negative

40
Q

Increased inflammation results in ______ Se plasma

A

decreased

41
Q

What is measured for the biochemical assessment of Se

A

Plasma/serum

42
Q

What is Se deficiency associated with

A

Changes in thyroid hormone metabolism

43
Q

Why do people with HIV often have low Se concentrations

A

Due to malabsorption or inadequate Se intakes

44
Q

How does toxicity of Se occur

A

Excess supplementation

45
Q

What are symptoms of Se toxicity

A

Nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, hair loss, changes in nails, impairment in protein metabolism

46
Q

What is the UL of Se. Units

A

mcg/day

Micro (7 decks)

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