Unit 1 Test

Question 1

• Transfers electrons
• metals-> cations: nonmetals-> anions
• electronegativity difference >1.8

Answer 1

Ionic Bond

Question 2

• electrons are shared unequally

- electronegativity difference >0.5 but

Answer 2

Polar Covalent

Question 3

• electrons are shared equally

- electronegativity difference

Answer 3

Nonpolar Covalent

Question 4

two bonded atoms gives a rough measure of the polarity of the bond

Answer 4

The absolute value of the electronegativity

Question 5

force that holds groups of 2 or more atoms together and makes them function

Answer 5

Bond

Question 6

the amount of energy that it takes to break the bond

Answer 6

Bond energy

Question 7

the type of bonding that transfers electrons

Answer 7

ionic bonding

Question 8

metals react with non-metals

Answer 8

ionic compound

Question 9

type of bond where they share electrons

Answer 9

Covalent bonding

Question 10

electrons are shared but are different and unequal

Answer 10

polar covalent bond

Question 11

what happens when 2 H+1 atoms are close

Answer 11

they attract each others nuclei

Question 12

unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms

Answer 12

electronegativity

Question 13

when the electronegativity between atoms are 0 then

Answer 13

• the bond type is covalent
• covalent character is at the max
• ionic character is at its lowest

Question 14

when the electronegativity between 2 atoms is intermediate then

Answer 14

• the bond type is polar covalent
• the covalent character is in the middle but it increases
• ionic character is in the middle and increases

Question 15

when the electronegativity difference between 2 bonding atoms is large then

Answer 15

• the bond type is ionic
• covalent character is the lowest
• the ionic character is the highest

Question 16

a molecule like HF has a positively and negatively charges center

Answer 16

dipole moment

Question 17

when do hydrogen atoms cause dipole moments

Answer 17

• molecule like water

- it makes the molecule behave as its center has 2 charges

Question 18

• group 1 metals always form
• group 2 metals always form
• group 3 metals and aluminum always form
• group 7 forms
• group 6 forms

Answer 18

• +1 cations
• +2 cations
• +3 cations
• anions
• -2 anions

Question 19

Rep metals form ions by losing enough electrons to achieve what

Answer 19

the config. of the previous noble gas

Question 20

non metals form ions by gaining enough electrons to achieve

Answer 20

the config of the next noble gas

Question 21

with metals and non-metals, it takes a lot of energy to do what and why

Answer 21

it takes a lot of energy to split them aart because they are so stable

Question 22

• a cation is always smaller then what

- an atom is always larger then what

Answer 22

• parent atom

- parent atom

Question 23

as you go across or down the periodic table, what happens to the electronegativity

Answer 23

it goes up

Question 24

a symbol in which the electrons in the valence shell of an atom or ion are represented by dot placed around the letter symbol of the element

Answer 24

Lewis electron dot symbol

Question 25

when two non-metals bond, they often share electrons since they have similar attractions for them. this sharing of valence is called the

Answer 25

covalent bond

Question 26

when an atom has 8 valence electrons on its valence shell

Answer 26

octet rule

Question 27

what is a it called when a single pair of electrons are shared

Answer 27

single bond

Question 28

involves the sharing of 2 pairs between atoms

Answer 28

double bond

Question 29

3 pairs of electrons are shared between atoms

Answer 29

triple boond

Question 30

formal charge formula

Answer 30

valence electrons in the central atom - # of bonding divided by 2 - remaining e-

Question 31

molecular structure/ geometric structure of the molecule

Answer 31

3-D arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

Question 32

used to describe the structure more precisely

Answer 32

bond angle

Question 33

- bond angle for 2 - bond angle for 3 - bond angle for 4

Answer 33

- 180 - 120 - 109.5

Question 34

molecules that have all the atoms in a line

Answer 34

linear structures

Question 35

Valence shell electron pair repulsion(VSEPR)

Answer 35

- helps predict the approx molecular shell | - the structure around given atom is determined by minimizing repulsion between electron pairs

Question 36

electrons in the highest energy level usually "s" and "p"

Answer 36

valence electrons

Question 37

the measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons to itself- increase as you go "right and up" on the periodic table: excluding noble gases

Answer 37

electronegativity

Question 38

symbolic representation of the valence electrons

Answer 38

lewis dot symbols

Question 39

achieve pseudo noble gas config. (s2p6 except H s2)

Answer 39

Bonding Goal